Phil Thomas,Chairman SSPO

Global Population is Increasing

World Total

Developing Countries

Developed Countries

Depending on assumptions about affluence, diet composition and food waste these figures imply an increase in total food production of 50-70% of current production & consumption.

Projection of human energy and protein-food consumption (after FAO)

Energy(kcal/day)

Meat (g/d)

Milk (g/d)

1964-66 2358 66 202

1997-99 2803 100 214

Estimated 2030

3050 124 245

What about fish?Total global consumption is increasing because of population

increase and increased consumption per head.

But FAO says: One-quarter of the world's fish stocks are overexploited,

depleted or recovering from depletion. There is no possibility of increasing fishing activity; in some cases the stocks may decline further.

About half of the stocks are fully exploited. They are being fished at or close to their maximum sustainable limit. There is no room for further expansion of fishing activity.

Around one-quarter of fish stocks are underexploited or partially exploited and could perhaps produce more.

• Aquaculture provides an increasing proportion of fish supply; this will continue to rise.

• Global aquaculture production is circa 67 million tonnes. Most is produced in China /Asia. Main species there are low value carp, tilapia and other fresh water fish.

• EU production is relatively small but EU is the largest global importer of fish and seafood products and is only 40% self sufficient in supply. EU has a major structural deficit in fish supply.

Country World Production

(%)

China 66.6

Asia - China 22.8

Europe 3.3

South America 2.7

North America 1.3

Africa 1.2

Trends in Global Fish

European EU Aquaculture

tonnes tonnes

UK Aquaculture Production Shellfish

Pacific oystersNative oystersScallops QueensMussels* (97%:

£31.9m)ClamsCockles

FinfishSalmon* (90%,

£400m)Trout* (9%, £45m)HalibutTurbotSea bass(Cod)

Mussels

Trout

Annual Scottish Farmed Salmon Production

The Crown Estate &Islands Councils

Interim Arrangements

Town & Country Planning Act

Tonnes x 1000Anticipated

Marine Scotland Salmon Fisheries Regions

EastNorth EastMoray FirthNorthNorth WestWest CoastClyde CoastSolwayOrkneyShetlandOuter Hebrides

Plastic Pens

After Hanlon

(After, Chopin, 2010)

Feed and NutritionA conversion ratio of caught fish to farmed salmon

of 5:1 is often quoted. This figure is incorrect and based on an incorrect set of assumptions.

Modern salmon nutrition and aquaculture feed use provides a conversion rate of 1.25:1. However, about 25% of fish meal is derived from waste from fish processing.

Inclusion rates of fish meal in salmon diets have been reducing progressively as feed technology develops.

The notion that salmon farming is ‘not sustainable’ because of its fish-feed needs is incorrect.

World Fish Meal Production

Aquaculture Feed

(After Skretting, 2010)

Marine Scotland Salmon Fisheries Regions

EastNorth EastMoray FirthNorthNorth WestWest CoastClyde CoastSolwayOrkneyShetlandOuter Hebrides

Distribution of Scottish Salmon Farms West Salmon

FarmsEast Salmon

Farms

Shetland 107

Orkney 19

North West 42 North 2

West Coast 41 North East 0

Clyde Coast 15 Moray Firth 0

Outer Hebrides

45 East 0

Solway 0

Total sites 271Total consented biomass 298, 113 tonnes

Why are farms distributed like this?History, Policy, and Planning

Salmon Catch Distribution

Historically salmon farming started in west coast and island areas because of the water quality and suitability of sites.

Government Planning Policy in 1997 to locate farms to the west coast and islands.

Scottish Government Locational Guidelines based on predicted nutrient enhancement, benthic impact and natural heritage sensitivities direct location.

TotalCatch

% EastCoast

% WestCoast

1970 409,032

85 15

1985 272,552

84 16

1990 169,009

81 19

1995 180,143

85 15

2000 101,498

85 15

2008 101,519

83 17

That’s All Folks!