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Phase Changes
“It’s just a phase”
States of Matter
Solid, liquid and gas (plasma)Changes between states are
called “phase changes”Caused by a change of heat or
pressureHEAT and TEMPERATURE are
not the same thing
Temperature
Measures the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
Is measured in Celsius or Kelvin.Kinetic energy is directly related
to the speed of the molecules.The faster the
particles/molecules are moving the higher the temperature.
Heat
Heat is a measure of energy (Joules).
HEAT and TEMPERATURE are not the same thing.
Ex. A cold Lake Superior has more heat energy than a boiling pot of water.
For our class, higher temperature means more heat.
STATES OF MATTER
Solids
Molecules are tightly packed together.
High potential energy – more bonds.
Particles vibrate in place.Very Dense.Not easily compressed.Definite shape and volume.
LiquidsParticles are not so tightly
packed (liquids flow and can be poured).
Medium potential energy.Definite volumeIndefinite shape (takes shape of
container)
GasesParticles spread out
as the container will allow.
High kinetic energy, particles are moving very quickly
Can be compressedIndefinite volume and
indefinite shape
Phase Changes
When a substance changes states.Requires the input or the removal
of energy or change in pressure.During a phase change the
temperature does not change, but the amount of energy does.
PH
AS
E C
HA
NG
ES
EN
ER
GY
CH
AN
GE
S
Sublimation
Transformation of a substance to a gas from a solid state with no liquid transition.
Dry Ice does this.
Deposition
When a gas transforms into a solid without transitioning through a liquid state.
Ex. Frost forming on windows.