UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN

CURRICULUM VITAE

I. (a) Name: Irukaku Nwamaka OKEKE(b) Date of Birth: 3 July, 1970(c) Department: Pharmaceutical Microbiology(c) Faculty: Pharmacy(d) College: Not applicable

II. (a) First Academic Appointment: 1989. Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State(b) Present Post (with date): Professor, 2017. (c) Date of Last promotion: 1 July, 2014 (At Haverford College)(d) Date last considered (in cases where promotion was not through): N/A

III. University Education (with dates)(a) Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria 1985-1989(b) Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria 1992-1994(c) Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria 1994-1998

IV. Academic Qualifications (with dates and granting bodies)(a) B. Pharm., Obafemi Awolowo University (1989)(b) M.Sc. (Pharmaceutics), Obafemi Awolowo University (1994)(c) Ph.D. (Pharmaceutics, Microbiology specialization) Obafemi Awolowo

University (1998)

V. Professional Qualifications and Diplomas (with dates):(a) Registered Pharmacist, Pharmaceutical Council of Nigeria (1990)

VI. Scholarships, Fellowships and Prizes (with dates):(a) L-Duro Emanuel Prize for the best part III B. Pharm. results. 1988(b) Faculty Prize for the best graduating student. 1989(c) Ciba Prize for the best part IV results. 1989(d) Boots Pure Drug Prize for the best graduating student in Pharmaceutics.

1989(e) L-Duro Emanuel Prize for the best part IV B. Pharm. results. 1989(f) Fulbright pre-doctoral Fellowship, Maryland, USA. 1995-1996(g) Fellowship, International Program in the Chemical Sciences, Sweden.

1998(h) Dan Charitable Fund Travel Fellowship to attend an international

conference on “Shiga Toxin (Verocytotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli infections” Kyoto, Japan. 2000

(i) Nigerian National PhD thesis award – Science category. 2001

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(j) Principal Investigator, Food Standards Agency, UK, Project grant B14003 ‘Development and validation of diagnostic tests for enteroaggregative Escherichia coli’. 2002

(k) American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Early Career Travel Grant to attend the ASM Conference on Undergraduate Education, New Orleans. 2004

(l) US National Science Foundation travel grant to attend the Genome Consortium for Active Teaching workshop on microarrays at Georgetown University, Washington DC. 2004.

(m) BrancoWeiss Fellowship. Society in Science, EidgenössischeTechnischeHochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) Zürich. 2004-2009

(n) Contributing Mentor, Beckman Scholars Program Grant. 2005 competition. 2005

(o) Lead applicant, UK Society for General Microbiology International Development Grant to organize a two-day workshop on microbiological and molecular diagnosis of bacterial enteric pathogens in Nigeria. 2005

(p) US National Science Foundation Research at Undergraduate Institutions (RUI) Project grant “RUI: The role of outer membrane agglutinins in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli colonization” Award #0516591. 2005

(q) Lead Applicant, Beckman Scholars Program Grant 2008 competition. 2008

(r) Co-Applicant, National Science Foundation MRI Award 0922653: Acquisition of molecular and cellular imaging instrumentation. 2009

(s) Mellon 23 Life Cycle of the Student Scholar Award for early curricular initiatives that serve to build the foundations of student scholarship. 2009

(t) US National Science Foundation Research at Undergraduate Institutions (RUI) Project grant “RUI: The role of outer membrane agglutinins in bacterial colonization” Award #0948460. 2010.

(u) Fellowship, Wissenschaftskollegzu Berlin (Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin). 2010-2011

(v) Lead Applicant, Beckman Scholars Program Grant 2011 competition. 2011

(w) Pennsylvania Department of Health Commonwealth Universal Research Enhancement, (CURE) grant for health-related research: Pathoadaptivity of cell detaching Escherichia coli. 2013

(x) US National Science Foundation Research at Undergraduate Institutions (RUI) Project grant “RUI: Aggregation and Colonization Mediated by Bacterial Surface Factors” Award #1329248. 2013

(y) UK Medical Research Council/ Department for International Development African Research Leaders Award: I Okeke, University of

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Ibadan - Pathogenic lineages of enteric bacteria in Nigeria MR/L00464X/1. 2014

(z) UK Microbiology Society International Development Fund 2015 Award IDF15/02 For the 2014/2015 M.Sc. Advanced Laboratory Course in the Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology. 2015

(aa) International Vaccine Institute Award for the Nigeria node of the Severe Typhoid in Africa project.2016.

(bb) uBiome Academic Consortium Grant to study the phyllosphere of medicinal plants. 2016.

(cc) The World Academy of Sciences Visiting Expert Award to support Expert Visitor to Nigeria. 2017.

(dd) UK National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit on Genomic Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance Consortium Award NIHR project #16/136/111. Co-Investigator. 2017

VII. Honours, Distinctions and Memberships of Learned Societies:(a) Member, Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria(b) Member, American Society for Microbiology(c) Member, American Association for the Advancement of Science(d) Member, Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics(e) Member, British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy(f) Member, Society for General Microbiology(g) Member, East Pennsylvania Regional Microbiology Educators Network (h) Member, Genome Consortium for Active Teaching (i) Member, American Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene(j) Member, Scientists Without Borders (k) Fellow, Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (l) Member, Infectious Disease Research Network

VIII. Details of Teaching Experience at the University Level: (a) Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State.

1991-1998.Courses Taught at Undergraduate level

PHA201 Introduction to Pharmaceutical MicrobiologyPHA302 Applied Pharmaceutical MicrobiologyPHA301 Dispensing SEP001 General studies course (Pharmacy)

(b) Post-doctoral Fellow, University of Maryland Medical School, USA. 1998-2000.

(a) Course Taught at Undergraduate levelMedical Microbiology

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(ii) Course Taught at Postgraduate level

Medical Bacteriology

(c) Career Development Lecturer, University of Bradford, UK 2000-2002.

(i) Courses Taught at Undergraduate levelBMS201 Medical MicrobiologyBMS202 Molecular Genetics

(d) Haverford College, PA, USA (2002-2008)

Courses Taught at Undergraduate level

BIOL124: Perspectives In Biology: Tropical Infectious DiseaseBIOL200: Cell Structure Function: Genetics SectionBIOL300: Laboratory in Molecular Biology and MicrobiologyBIOL310: Molecular MicrobiologyBIOL360: Bacterial PathogenesisBIOL404: Senior Research Tutorial in MicrobiologyBIOL480: Supervised Independent StudyBIOL499: Senior Department StudiesAFST101: Introduction to African Studies

(e) Visiting Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ibadan (Dec 2014-2017). Professor (2017-date)(i) Course Taught at Undergraduate level

PHM 201: Introductory Pharmaceutical MicrobiologyPHM 401: Pharmaceutical MicrobiologyPHM 501: Applied Pharmaceutical Microbiology

(ii) Courses Taught at Postgraduate level

PHM 709: Advanced Bacterial Genetics and Drug ResistancePHM 710: Advanced Microbial Physiology and BiochemistryPHM 712: Advanced Laboratory CoursePHM 714: Biotechnology in Pharmacy

(iii) Student Project Supervision

(From 2002-2014, I taught at Haverford College, and undergraduate university and therefore post-graduate supervision has been minimal)

Undergraduate projectsCompleted: 86

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MSc ProjectsCompleted:5Ongoing: 3

Ph.D. ProjectsCompleted: 3Ongoing: 4

(iv) Administrative responsibilities(a) Library Liaison. 2002-2004(b) Affiliated Faculty: African Studies Consortium of Bryn Mawr,

Haverford, Swarthmore Colleges, and the University of Pennsylvania. 2003-Date

(c) Search Committee Member for position in Molecular and Cellular Evolution. 2003.

(d) Listed Mentor, Coordinator and Grant Writer for the Beckman scholarship program at Haverford College. 2004-2013

(e) Search Committee Member for position in Statistics. 2005.(f) Laboratory Safety Committee. 2004-2005(g) Educational Policy Committee. 2004-2005(h) International Academic Programs Committee. 2004-2005(i) Presidential (Vice Chancellor) search committee. 2006-2007(j) Administrative Advisory Committee. 2007-2008(k) Mellon-supported brainstorming group in the Haverford-Bryn

Mawr-Swarthmore Tri-College Consortium: Microbiology. 2007, 2009-10, leader in 2013-2014

(l) Chair, Search Committee Member for position Environmental Chemistry. 2008

(m) Mellon-supported brainstorming group in the Haverford-Bryn Mawr-Swarthmore Tri-College Consortium: Teaching and Research Interests in Africa. 2009

(n) Mellon-supported brainstorming group in the Haverford-Bryn Mawr-Swarthmore Tri-College Consortium: History of Science, Technology and Medicine. 2009

(o) Mellon-supported brainstorming group in the Haverford-Bryn Mawr-Swarthmore Tri-College Consortium: Culture, Health and Society. 2009-11.

(p) Steering Committee, Center for Peace and Global Citizenship. 2010-2011

(q) Natural Science Representative to Academic Council (Committee for Appointments, Tenure and Promotion). 2011-2013

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(r) Faculty coordinator, Mentors as Student Teachers Program (2004-2005, 2014-2015)

(s) Goldwater scholarship selection committee. 2014(t) Honors Committee. 2014-2015(u) Adhoc Committee on International Travel. 2014-2015(v) Chair Curriculum Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of

Ibadan. 2015-2016(w) Head, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology. 2017-2019

(v) Other experience gained(a) Pharmacy Dispenser, Boots, The Chemists, Richmond, London.

Sep-Dec 1991(b) NYSC Pharmacist, General Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. 1990-

1991(c) Member, International Health Expert Committee, United States

Pharmacopoeia. 2005-2010(d) Visiting Scientist. Team 100 (Tropical Bacteriology),

TheWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK. 2005-May 2006

(e) Visiting Scientist. Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. 2005-2010

(f) Visiting Scientist. Pharmaceutical Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. 2005-2012

(g) Member, Drug Resistance Working Group. Center for Global Development, Global Health Policy Research Network. 2007-2010

(h) Member, World Health Organization (WHO) Antimicrobial Resistance (Third Global Patient Safety Challenge) Expert Working Group. 2009-2010

(i) Advisory Board Member, Control of Antibiotic Resistance: Situation Analysis and Needs Assessment in Uganda and Zambia (AR-SANA) APUA-Gates Foundation project. 2009-2011

(j) Member, Working group on the economics and financing of febrile illness rapid diagnostic tests. Convened by the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy, Washington DC/ New Delhi. 2011

(k) Advisory Board Member, Joint Science Department, Claremont McKenna, Scripps and Pitzer Colleges, Southern California. 2011-2013.

(l) Scientific advisory board, Children's Antibiotic Resistance in Low Income Countries (ChARLI) project. Institut Pasteur, Paris.2013-

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(m) Scientific Committee. Biennial Conference of the African Society for Laboratory Medicine. 2013-2016.

(n) College of Experts, Africa Research Excellence Fund (AREF). 2015-

(o) Consultant. Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy. 2015-2016.

(p) National Antimicrobial Resistance Working Group, Nigerian Centre for Disease Control (2017- )

(q) Member, Scientific Advisory Board of the “Research Networks for Health Innovations in Sub-Saharan Africa”. Bundesministeriumfűrbildung und forschung (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; BMBF) (2017-2021).

(r) Editor-in-Chief, African Journal of Laboratory Medicine. (2017-2020)

(s) Expert Committee Member, Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance” Outcome and Impact Indicators. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland. (2017-)

(t) UK Medical Research Council led Cross Council Initiative “AMR Global Awards” Expert Scientific Panel (2017-2018)

(u) Member, The Wellcome Trust Surveillance and Epidemiology of Drug Resistant Infections Consortium (SEDRIC)(2017-)

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IX. RESEARCH(a) Completed

(i) Quality and bioavailability of ampicillin and tetracycline capsules in Nigeria (1990-1993)

(ii) Antibacterial activity of selected Nigerian plants (1992-1998)(iii) Helicobacter pylori in intestinal biopsies and dental plaque of

patients attending the Obafemi Awolowo Teaching Hospitals Complex, Nigeria (1994-1998)

(iv) Bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of agents of orofacial infections in Nigerians (1995-1998)

(v) Molecular pathogenesis of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1998-2003)

(vi) Development and validation of diagnostic tests for enteroaggregativeEscherichia coli’. (2002-2005). Supported by the UK Food standards Agency.

(vii) Diagnostic sufficiency in Africa (2004-2010)(viii) Antimicrobial use patterns worldwide (2008-2010)(ix) Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio

cholerae in West Africa (2005-2014). (x) The role of outer membrane agglutinins in bacterial colonization

(2005-2013). Supported by the National Science Foundation.

(b) In Progress

(i) Molecular epidemiology of diarrhea-causing Escherichia coli and Salmonella in West Africa (1994-date): The aim of this research is to produce a genetic definition for pathogenic bacteria belonging to the category currently termed enteroaggregativeE. coli(EAEC) and to understand the epidemiology of hypervirulent subgroups enteric bacteria. An in-process case-control study will determine associations of diarrhoeagenic E. coli and Salmonella to diarrhoea in children under five years of age in Oyo and Osun States using sequence based methods. The work is presently supported by a 2014-2019 African Research Leader’s Grant co-awarded to Professor Gordon Dougan of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge and myself by the UK MRC and DfID.

(ii) Aggregation and Colonization Mediated by Bacterial Surface Factors (2000-date):This research is focused on the agglutinins, a family of integral outer membrane proteins found in enteroaggregative E. coli and other exceptional colonizers. Our research uses genetically tractable bacterial and host models to probe the relatively understudied process of colonization and aims to identify broad principles that govern inter-bacterial and bacterial-host colonization. We are additionally screening for chemical moieties that can inhibit

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adherence and therefore form the basis for antiadherence therapies. The research is supported by a 2013-2018 grant from the US National Science Foundation and by provision of Pathogen Box by the Medicines for Malaria Venture.

(i) Antimicrobial resistance in West Africa: magnitude and containment (2005-date). We are studying the genetic mechanisms and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in enteric bacteria. Current collaborators in this research are Professor Oladipo Aboderin and Dr Chinyere Okoro.

(ii) Aetiology and consequences of Severe Salmonellosis infections. As part of the multicountry Severe Typhoid in Africa (SETA) project, we are studying the aetiology of typhoid fever and other Salmonellosis in Ibadan and the long-term effects of the disease. This research is performed in collaboration with colleagues at the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and the International Vaccine Institute, which is funding the research.

(iii) Genomic science and infectious disease research in African countries (2010-date). I am studying the uptake of genomic technologies in infectious disease research in West Africa. This Science and Technology Studies project has received support from Wissenschaftskollegzu Berlin (Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin), the Humanistic Perspectives on U.S. Global Health Partnerships in Africa and Beyond Project at the University of Washington and the Centre for Research in the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, Cambridge.

(iv) Living on leaves: Bacterial phyllospheres (2011-date):We are determining the bacterial composition of leaf phyllospheres, with special emphasis on plants with antimicrobial activity. We predict that phyllosphere composition and richness will be determined by, and predictive of, antimicrobial constituents in a plant. We further hypothesize that where specific resistance mechanisms to plant antibacterials exist in nature, they will be exhibited by bacteria that reside on the leaves of antimicrobial plants. This research is being conducted in collaboration with plant biologist Dr Jonathan Wilson (Haverford College), natural product pharmaceutical microbiologist Dr Morenike E Coker and with advanced students for which this is an inquiry-based teaching opportunity. It is presently supported by a 2015 International Development Fund Award from the UK Microbiology Society

(v) Pathoadaptivity of cell-detaching Escherichia coli(2012-date):This project was initiated because we had accumulated preliminary evidence pointing to cell detaching E. coli (CDEC) as diarrheal pathogens. We are determining whether CDEC represent a distinct E.

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coli lineage of diarrhea-causing E. coli. The research has been supported by a Pennsylvania Department of Health Commonwealth Universal Research Enhancement, (CURE) grant for health-related research

(vi) Genomic Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance. This project will use whole genome sequencing to surveill antimicrobial resistance in Nigeria, India, the Phillipines and Columbia. It is supported by the UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)

(c) Dissertation and Thesesa) A study of the bioavailability of ampicillin and tetracycline from capsules obtained

from various dispensing points in Ile-Ife. M.Sc. Thesis, Obafemi Awolowo University,

Ile-Ife, Nigeria; 1994.

b) Virulence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from cases of infantile

diarrhoea in Ile-Ife and environs. Ph.D. Thesis, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife,

Nigeria; 1998.

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X. PUBLICATIONS

(a) Books already published

(1) Sosa, A., Byarugaba, D.K., Amabile-Cuevas, C., Hsueh, P.-R., Kariuki, S., and Okeke, I.N. (Eds.)(2009).Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries.New York: US Springer Science and Business Media. 554 pp. ISBN 978-038-789-370-9.(USA)(Contribution: 15%).

(2) Okeke, I.N. (2011). Divining Without Seeds: The Case for Strengthening Laboratory Medicine in Africa. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 222 pp. ISBN 978-080-146-138-5(USA)(Contribution: 100%).

(3) Meneely, P., Dawes-Hoang, R., Okeke I.N. and Heston, K. (2017) Genetics: Genes, Genomes and Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 749 pp. ISBN 9780198712558. (UK) (Contribution: 22%)

(b) Chapters in Books already published

(4) Okeke, I.N., Eardley, J., Bailey, C.C. and Kaper, J.B. (2002).Vibrio cholerae. In Sussman, M. (Ed.) Molecular Medical Microbiology, Cambridge: Academic Press, 1191-1236pp.ISBN 978-008-053-688-0(UK) (Contribution: 30%).

(5) Okeke,I. (2003). Antibiotic use and Resistance in Developing Countries. In Knobler, S., Lemon, S., Najafi, M. and Burroughs, T. (Eds.)The Resistance Phenomenon in Microbes and Infectious Disease Vectors: Implications for Human Health and Strategies for Containment.Washington DC: National Academy of Sciences Press. 132-139pp. ISBN 978-030-908-854-1(USA) (Contribution: 100%).

(6) Laxminarayan, R., Bhutta, Z., Duse, A., Jenkins, P., O’Brien, T., Okeke, I.N.,Pablos-Mendez, A. and Klugman, K.P. (2006). Drug Resistance. In Jamison, D.T., Breman, J.G., Measham, A.R, Alleyne, G., Evans, D.B., Jha, P., Mills, A., Musgrove, P. (Eds.) Disease Control Priorities In Developing Countries(2nd Edition). New York: World Bank and Oxford University Press. 1031- 1051pp. (USA)(Contribution: 25%).

(7) a. Okeke, I.N. (2007). The Evolution of Disease in Africa. In Falola, T. and Heaton, M.M. (Eds.) HIV/AIDS, Illness and African Well-Being. Rochester: University of Rochester Press. ISBN 978-158-046-240-2 16-27pp. (USA) (Contribution: 100%).

b. Okeke, I.N. (2007). The Microbial Rebellion: Trends and Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance in Africa. HIV/AIDS, Illness and African Well-Being. Rochester: University of Rochester Press.ISBN 978-158-046-240-2155-181pp. (USA)(Contribution: 100%).

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(8) a. Okeke I.N. and Ojo, K.K. (2009). Antimicrobial Resistance and Use in Africa. In Sosa, A., Byarugaba, D.K., Amabile-Cuevas, C., Hsueh, P.-R., Kariuki, S., and Okeke, I.N. (Eds.) (2009) Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries. New York: US Springer Science and Business Media. ISBN 978-038-789-370-9.301-314pp. (USA)(Contribution: 70%).b. Okeke I.N.(2010).Poverty and Root Causes of Antimicrobial Resistance. In Sosa, A.,Byarugaba, D.K., Amabile-Cuevas, C., Hsueh, P.-R., Kariuki, S., and Okeke, I.N. (Eds.) (2009) Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries. New York: US Springer Science and Business Media. ISBN 978-038-789-370-9. 27-36pp. (USA)(Contribution: 100%).

(9) Wallace-Gadsden, F. and Okeke, I.N. (2010) Drug-Resistant Bacteria and Childhood Diarrhea in Africa. In Ngalamulume, K. and Viterbo, P. Health and Medicine in Africa: Multidisciplinary perspectives. Berlin: Lit Verlag, Berlin; Michigan:Michigan State University Press. 147-155pp. ISBN 978-382-589-226-5 (Germany and USA) (Contribution: 50%).

(10) Okeke, I. (2011) Biomedical Science in Africa, on Wallotstraße In Wissenshaftskollegzu Berlin yearbook. 2010/11. Berlin: Wissenshaftskollegzu Berlin 178-184pp. ISBN 978-393-404-513-2 (Germany) (Contribution: 100%).

(11) Cars, O., Heddini, A., Levy, S., Gyssens, I.,Harbarth, S., Holloway, K., Klugman, K.P., Ofori-Adjei, D., Okeke, I., Ombaka, E.M.A. and Sitthi-Amorn, C. (2012). Measures to Ensure Better Use of AntibioticsInThe Evolving Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance: Options for Action. Geneva: World Health Organization. 31-48pp. ISBN 978-924-150-318-1(Switzerland) (Contribution: 10%).

(12) Okeke, I.N.,Aboderin, A.O. and Onayade A.A. (2014). Cholera Control and AMR in Nigeria. In Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2014. Cambridge: Nexus Strategic Partnerships, 67-69pp. ISBN 978-190-860-911-3(UK) (Contribution: 40%).

(13) Okeke I. (2016) Epilogue: Reflections on Projects “Brought”. InTraces of the Future: An Archaeology of Medical Science in Twenty First Century Africa. Bristol: Intellect. 249-251pp. ISBN 978-178-320-725-1 (UK) (Contribution: 100%).

(c) Articles that have already appeared in refereed conference proceedings

(14) Houghton, P.J., Ibewuike, J.C., Mortimer, F., Okeke, I.N. and Ogundaini, A.O. (2000). Antibacterial Quinones from Mitracarpusscaber. In Proceedings of the British Pharmaceutical

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Conference. Birmingham: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. Vol. 52. Suppl: 261. (UK) (Contribution: 10%).

(15) Afshinjavid, S., Cluny, N., Okeke, I. and Javid, F.A. (2012). The Effect of EnteroaggregativeEscherichia coli on 5-Hydroxytryptamine, Carbachol and Electrical Field Stimulation -Induced Contraction in the Rat Ileum. In Proceedings of the 6th European Congress on Pharmacology EPHAR, Granada, Spain. Washington DC: British Journal of Pharmacology Vol. 10.No. 3.(USA) (Contribution: 10%).

(d) Patents

Nil

(e) Articles That Have Already Appeared in Learned Journals

(16) Okeke, I.N. and Lamikanra, A. (1995). Quality and Bioavailability of Tetracycline Capsules in a Nigerian Semi-Urban Community. International Journal of Antimicrobial AgentsVol. 5: 245-250. (UK) (Contribution: 70%).

(17) Okeke, I.N. and Lamikanra, A. (1995). Bacterial Capsules: A Simple Method for Demonstration under the Light Microscope. British Journal of Biomedical ScienceVol. 52: 321-322 (UK) (Contribution: 70%).

(18) Ibewuike, J.C., Ogungbamila, F.O., Ogundaini, A.O., Okeke, I.N. and Bohlin, L. (1997). Antiinflammatory and Antibacterial Activities of C-methylflavanols from Pilostigmathoningii. Phytotherapy ResearchVol.11: 281-284. (USA) (Contribution: 10%).

(19) Lamikanra, A. and Okeke, I.N. (1997). A Study of The Effect of The Urban/Rural Divide on The Incidence of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli. Biomedical Letters Vol. 55: 91-97. (UK) (Contribution: 30%).

(20) Orafidiya, O.O., Okeke, I.N. and Obas, K. (1999). Evaluation of the Preservative Efficacy of Camphora in “Ooguninuigbalode”, a Herbal Preparation. Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine Vol. 3: 54-57. (Nigeria) (Contribution: 20%).

(21) Okeke, I.N., Ogundaini, A.O., Ogungbamila, F.O. and Lamikanra, A. (1999). Antimicrobial Spectrum of Alchorneacordifolia Leaf Extract. Phytotherapy ResearchVol.13:67-69. (USA) (Contribution: 30%).

(22) Akinde, B.E, Okeke, I., Orafidiya, O.O. (1999). Phytochemical and Antibacterial Evaluations of Cassia alata Leaf Extracts. African Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.1:38-43. (Nigeria) (Contribution: 20%).

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(23) Okeke, I.N., Lamikanra, A. and Edelman, R. (1999). Socio-economic Factors Responsible for The High Prevalence of Acquired Bacterial Resistance in Developing Countries. Emerging Infectious DiseasesVol. 5:18-27. (USA) (Contribution: 70%).

(24) Okeke, I.N., Fayinka, S.T. and Lamikanra, A. (2000). Antibiotic Resistance Trends in Escherichia coli from Apparently Healthy Nigerian Students (1986-1998). Emerging Infectious Diseases. Vol. 6: 393-396.(USA) (Contribution: 50%).

(25) Okeke, I.N., Lamikanra, A.,Czeuculin, J., Dubovsky, F., Kaper, J.B. and Nataro, J.P. (2000). Heterogeneous Virulence of EnteroaggregativeEscherichia coli Strains Isolated from Children in South West Nigeria. Journal of Infectious DiseasesVol. 181: 252-260. (USA) (Contribution: 50%).

(26) Okeke, I.N., Lamikanra, A.,Steinrück, H. and Kaper, J.B. (2000). Characterization of Escherichia coliStrains from Cases of Childhood Diarrhea in Provincial South-Western Nigeria. Journal of Clinical MicrobiologyVol. 38: 7-12. (USA) (Contribution: 60%).

(27) Orafidiya, O.O., Elujoba, A.A., Iwalewa, E.O., Okeke, I.N. (2000). Evaluation of Anti-Diarrhoeal Properties of Ocimum Gratissimum Volatile Oil and its Activity AgainstEnteroaggregativeEscherichia coli. Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological LettersVol. 10: 9-12.(Germany) (Contribution: 20%).

(28) Nia, R., Adesanya, S.A., Okeke, I.N., Illoh, H.C. and Adesina, S.K. (2000). Antibacterial Constituents of Calliandra Haematocephala. Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and MedicineVol. 3: 58-60.(Nigeria) (Contribution: 10%).

(29) Okeke, I.N. and Edelman R. (2001). Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Across Geographical Borders. Clinical Infectious DiseasesVol. 33: 364-369. (USA) (Contribution: 70%).

(30) Okeke, I.N., Borneman, J.A., Shin, S., Mellies, J.L., Quinn, L.E. and Kaper, J.B. (2001). Comparative Sequence Analysis ofThe Plasmid-Encoded Regulator of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infection and Immunity Vol. 69: 5553-5564. (USA) (Contribution: 50%).

(31) Okeke, I.N.and Nataro, J.P. (2001). Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli.TheLancet - Infectious Diseases Vol. 1: 304-313. (UK) (Contribution: 70%).

(32) Mellies, J.L., Navarro, F., Okeke, I., Friedrickson, J., Nataro, J.P. and Kaper, J.B. (2001). espCPathogenicity Island of Enteropathogenic

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Escherichia coli Encodes an Enterotoxin. Infection and Immunity Vol. 69: 315-324. (USA) (Contribution: 15%).

(33) Okeke, I.N., Abdul-Rasheed, A. and Lamikanra, A. (2001). Microbiological Investigation of an Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis in Niger State, Nigeria. Clinical Microbiology and Infection Vol. 7: 514-516. (UK) (Contribution: 40%).

(34) Okeke, I.N. and Lamikanra, A. (2001). Bacteriological Quality of Cosmetic Creams and Lotions Distributed in a Tropical Developing Country. Journal of Applied MicrobiologyVol. 91: 922-928 (UK) (Contribution: 60%).

(35) Okeke, I.N. and Lamikanra, A. (2001). Quality and Bioavailability of Ampicillin Capsules in a Nigerian Semi-Urban Community. African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences Vol. 30: 47-51 (Nigeria) (Contribution: 70%).

(36) Oladimeji, F.A., Orafidiya, O.O., Okeke, I.N. and Dagne, E. (2001). Effect of Autoxidation on the Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Lippia multiflora. Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological letters Vol.11.No. 2: 64-67 (Heidelberg, Germany)(Contribution:10%)

(37) Ogunbodede, E.O., Lawal, O. O., Lamikanra, A., Okeke, I.N., Rotimi, O., Rasheed, A. A. (2002).Helicobacter pylori in the Dental Plaque and Gastric Mucosa of Dyspeptic Nigerian Patients. Tropical GastroenterologyVol.23. No.3:127-33. (India) (10% contribution)

(38) Okeke, I.N., Steinrück, H., Kanack, K.J., Elliott, S.J., Sundström, L., Kaper, J.B. and Lamikanra, A. (2002). Antibiotic-Resistant Cell-Detaching Escherichia coli from Nigerian Children. Journal of Clinical MicrobiologyVol. 40: 301-305. (Washington, DC, USA) (Contribution: 50%).

(39) Okeke, I.N. and Sosa, A. (2003).Antibiotic Resistance in Africa – Discerning the Enemy, Plotting a Defence. Africa HealthVol. 25.No. 3: 10-15. (United Kingdom)(Contribution:80%)

(40) Okeke, I.N. and Lamikanra, A. (2003). Export of Antimicrobials by West African Travellers. Journal of Travel Medicine Vol. 10. No.2:133-5. (Georgia, USA) (Contribution:50%).

(41) Okeke, I.N.,Ojo, O., Lamikanra, A. and Kaper J.B. (2003). Etiology of Acute Diarrhea among Adults in South-west Nigeria. Journal of Clinical MicrobiologyVol.41: 4525-4530. (Washington DC, USA) (Contribution:60%)

(42) Nys, S., Okeke, I.N., Kariuki, S., Dinant, G.J., Driessen, C., and Stobberingh, E.E. (2004). Antibiotic Resistance of Faecal Escherichia

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coli in Healthy Volunteers from Eight Developing Countries. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Vol. 54. No. 5:952-955. (United Kingdom) (Contribution:10%)

(43) Okeke, I.N., Scaletsky, I.C.A., Soars, E.H., Macfarlane L.R. and Torres, A.G. (2004). Molecular Epidemiology of Iron Utilization Systems in Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 42: 36-44. (Washington DC, USA)(Contribution: 40%)

(44) Ndukwe, K.C., Okeke, I.N., Akinwande, J.A., Aboderin, A.O. and Lamikanra, A. (2004). Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Agents of Orofacial Infections in Nigerians. African Journal of Clinical and Experimental MicrobiologyVol. 5. No. 3: 272-277. (Nigeria)(Contribution:25%)

(45) Oladimeji, F.A., Orafidiya, L.O. and Okeke, I.N. (2004). Physical Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Leaf Essential Oil of Lippia multiflora Moldenke. International Journal of AromatherapyVol. 14. No.4: 162-168. (New Jersey, USA) (Contribution: 15%)

(46) Okeke, I.N. (2004). Stopping the spread of drug-resistant malaria. Science. Vol. 306. No. 2039. (Washington DC, USA) (Contribution:100%)

(47) Ndukwe K.C., Lamikanra, A. and Okeke, I.N. (2004). Antibacterial Activity of African Chewing Sticks. Drugs of the Future Vol. 29.No.12:1221-1233. (USA)(Contribution:40%)

(48) Okeke, I.N., Klugman, KP, Laxminarayan, R, Bhutta, Z., Pablos-Mendez, A., O'Brien, T., Jenkins, P. and Duse, A. (2005). Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries: Part II: Strategies for Containment. The Lancet Infectious DiseasesVol. 5.No. 9: 568-580. (United Kingdom)(Contribution:30%)

(49) Okeke, I.N., Laxminarayan, R., Bhutta, Z.A., Duse, A.G., Jenkins, P., O'Brien, T.F., Pablos-Mendez, A., Klugman, K.P. (2005). Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries. Part I: Recent Trends and Current Status. The Lancet Infectious DiseasesVol. 5. No. 8:481-493. (United Kingdom) (Contribution:30%)

(50) Ndukwe, K.C., Okeke, I.N. and Lamikanra, A. (2005). Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Selected Nigerian Chewing Sticks. Journal of Contemporary Dental PracticeVol. 6.No. 3: 86-94. (India) (Contribution: 40%)

(51) Aderogba, A.M., Okoh, E.K., Okeke, I.N., Olajide, M. and Ogundaini, A.O. (2006). Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Effects of

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Pilostigmareticulatum Leaf Extract. International Journal of Pharmacology Vol. 2.No.1: 70-74. (Pakistan)(Contribution: 10%)

(52) Okeke, I.N. (2006) Diagnostic Insufficiency in Africa. Clinical Infectious DiseasesVol. 42: 1501-1503. (USA)(Contribution:100%)

(53) Okeke, I.N., Aboderin, O.A., Byarugaba, D.K., Ojo K.K. and Opintan, J.A. (2007). Growing problem of multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria in Africa. Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 13.No. 11: 1640-1646. (Atlanta, USA)(Contribution: 50%)

(54) a. Okeke, I.N. (2007).Infectious Disease Research in Developing Countries: Positioning Science to Address Poverty and Stimulate Human Development. Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesVol. 1. No. 2: 78-80. (Italy)(Contribution: 100%)

b. Okeke, I.N., Editor (2007).Journal of Infection in Developing countries: Global Theme Issue on Poverty and Human Development.Special Featurecomprised of six peer-reviewed personal essays by scientists in developing countries and commissioned biographies of the scientists.

(55) Rubino, S., Cameron, M., Cappuccinelli, P., Chugh, T.D., Gaind, R., Hosoglu, S., Kelvin, D.J., Kelvin, N., Mason, P., Okeke, I., Rodriguez-Morales, A.J., Senok, A. and Wain, J. (2007). A New Journal with a New Approach to Research in Developing Countries. Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesVol.1.No. 1: 1. (Italy)(Contribution: 10%)

(56) Aboderin, A.O., Abdu, A.R., Odetoyin, B., Okeke, I.N., Lawal, O.O., Ndububa, D.A., Agbakwuru, A.E. and Lamikanra, A. (2007) Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter pylori from Patients in Ile-Ife, South west Nigeria. African Health SciencesVol. 7.No. 3: 143-147. (Nigeria)(Contribution: 10%)

(57) Nwaneshiudu, A.I., Mucci, T., Pickard, D.J. and Okeke, I.N. (2007).A Second Large Plasmid Encodes Conjugative Transfer and Antimicrobial Resistance in O119:H2 and some Typical O111 Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Journal of BacteriologyVol. 189: 6074-6079. (Washington DC)(Contribution:40%)

(58) Joo, L.M., MacFarlane-Smith, L.R. and Okeke, I.N. (2007).Error-prone DNA Repair System in Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Identified by Subtractive Hybridization. Journal of BacteriologyVol. 189: 3793-3803. (Washington DC, USA)(Contribution: 30%)

(59) Wallace-Gadsden, F., Wain, J., Johnson, J.R. and Okeke, I.N. (2007).EnteroaggregativeEscherichia coli Related to Uropathogenic E. coli Clonal Group A. Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 13. No. 5: 757-760. (Atlanta, USA)(Contribution: 30%)

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(60) Lawal, O.O., Rotimi, O.O. and Okeke, I. (2007).Helicobacter pylori in Gastroduodenal Diseases. Journal of the National Medical AssociationVol. 99.No.1: 31- 34. (USA) (Contribution: 30%)

(61) Opintan, J.A., Newman, M.J., Nsiah-Poodoh, O.A., and Okeke, I.N. (2008).Vibrio cholerae O1 from Accra, Ghana carrying a Class 2 Integron and the SXT Element. Journal of Antimicrobial ChemotherapyVol. 62: 929-933. (United Kingdom) (Contribution: 40%)

(62) Okeke, I.N.and Wain, J. (2008). Post-genomic Challenges for Collaborative Research in Infectious Diseases.Nature Reviews Microbiology. Vol. 6.No. 11:858-64. (United Kingdom) (Contribution: 60%)

(63) Okeke, I.N. (2008). Connecting Loose Ends: A Unique Linear Plasmid or a New Model System? Trends in Microbiology Vol. 16.No. 5: 198-199. (United Kingdom) (Contribution: 100%).

(64) Okeke, I.N.(2009). Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Sub-Saharan Africa: Status, Uncertainties and Necessities. Journal of Infections in Developing CountriesVol. 3. No.11: 817-842. (Italy)(Contribution: 100%)

(65) Okeke, I.N. (2009). The tragedy of Antimicrobial Resistance: Recognition of Necessity. Current Science. Society-in-Science Special Section Vol. 97.No. 11: 1564-1572. (India)(Contribution: 100%)

(66) Okeke, I.N. (2009). Cholera Vaccine will Reduce Antibiotic Use. Science Vol. 325 No. 5941: 674. (USA) (Contribution: 100%)

(67) Snelling, A.M., MacFarlane-Smith, L.R., Fletcher, J.N. and Okeke, I.N. (2009).The Commonly-used DNA Probe for Diffusely-Adherent Escherichia coliCross-Reacts with a Subset of EnteroaggregativeE. coli.BMC MicrobiologyVol. 9: 269. (United Kingdom) (Contribution: 25%)

(68) Bhargava, S., Johnson, B.B., Hwang, J., Harris, T.A., George, A.S., Muir, A., Dorff, J. andOkeke, I.N.(2009). The heat resistant agglutinin 1 is an accessory enteroaggregative Escherichia coli colonization factor. Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 191: 4934-4942. (USA)(Contribution: 40%)

(69) Saldaña, Z., Erdem, A.L., Schüller, S., Okeke, I.N., Lucas, M,,Sivananthan, A., Phillips, A.D., Kaper, J.B., Puente, J.L., Girón, J.A. (2009). The Escherichia coli common pilus and the bundle-forming pilus act in concert during the formation of localized adherence by

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enteropathogenic E. coli. Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 191: 3451-3461. (Washington DC, USA) (Contribution: 10%)

(70) Salinger, N., Kokona, B., Fairman, F. and Okeke, I.N. (2009).The Plasmid-Encoded Regulator Activates Factors Conferring Lysozyme Resistance on Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 75: 275-280. (Washington DC, USA)(Contribution: 30%)

(71) Okeke, I.N., Wallace-Gadsden, F., Simons, H.R., Matthews, N., Labar, A.S., Hwang, J. and Wain, J. (2010). Multi-locus Sequence typing of EnteroaggregativeEscherichia coliIsolates from Nigerian Children Uncovers Multiple Lineages. PLoS ONE Vol. 5. No.11: e14093. (USA)(Contribution: 50%)

(72) Hwang, J., Mattei, L.M., VanArendonk, L.G., Meneely, P.M. and Okeke, I.N. (2010). A Pathoadaptive Deletion in an Enteroaggregative Escherichia coliOutbreak Strain Enhances Virulence in a Caenorhabditis elegansModel. Infection and ImmunityVol. 78. No. 9:4068-4076. (USA) (Contribution:40%)

(73) Opintan, J.A., Bishar, R.A., Newman, M.J. and Okeke, I.N. (2010). Carriage of Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli by Older, Children and Adults in Accra, Ghana. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Vol. 104: 504–506. (United Kingdom) (Contribution: 30%)

(74) Scaletsky, I.C.A., Souza, T.B., Aranda, K.R.S. andOkeke, I.N.(2010).Genetic Elements Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance in Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) from Brazil. BMC MicrobiologyVol.10: 25 (United Kingdom)(Contribution: 25%)

(75) Nugent, R. and Okeke, I.N. (2010). When Medicines fail: Recommendations for Curbing Antibiotic Resistance. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries Vol. 4.No. 6: 355-356. (Italy) (Contribution:50%)

(76) Okeke, I.N. (2010). African Scientists Underrepresented. Science. Vol. 328.No. 5982: 1103. (Washington DC,)(Contribution: 100%)

(77) Morgan, D.J., Okeke, I.N., Laxminarayan, R., Perencevich, E.N., Weisenberg, S.A. (2011). Non-prescription Antimicrobial Use Worldwide: A Systematic Review. Lancet Infectious DiseasesVol. 11. No. 9:692 – 701. (United Kingdom) (Contribution: 20%)

(78) Chattaway, M.A., Dallman, T., Okeke, I.N., Wain, J. (2011).Enteroaggregative E. coli O104 from an Outbreak of HUS in Germany 2011, Could it Happen Again? Journal of Infection in Developing Countries Vol. 5. No. 6:425-36. (Italy) (Contribution: 10%)

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(79) Okeke, I.N., Peeling, R.W., Goosens, H., Aukenthaler, R., Olmsted, S.S., de Lavison, J-F., Zimmer, B., Nordqvist, K. (2011). Diagnostics as Essential Tools for Antimicrobial Resistance Containment. Drug Resistance UpdatesVol. 14. No. 2:95-106. (USA)(Contribution: 30%).

(80) Obadare, E.B. and Okeke, I.N.(2011). Biomedical Loopholes, Distrusted State and the Politics of HIV/AIDS ‘cure’ in Nigeria. African Affairs Vol. 110. No.439: 191-211. (United Kingdom) (Contribution: 40%)

(81) Thompson, C.C., Freitas, F.S., Marin, M.A., Fonseca, E.L., Okeke, I.N. and Vicente, A.C.P. (2011). Vibrio cholerae O1 Lineages Driving Cholera Outbreaks during the Seventh Cholera Pandemic in Ghana. Infection, Genetics and EvolutionVol. 11. No. 8:1951-1956. (USA)(Contribution: 15%)

(82) Lamikanra, A., Crowe, J.L., Lijek, R.S., Odetoyin, B.W., Aboderin, O.A., Wain, J. andOkeke, I.N.(2011). Rapid Evolution of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli in Nigeria is Temporally Associated with Fluoroquinolone Use. BMC Infectious DiseasesVol. 11. No. 1:312. (United Kingdom) (Contribution:20%)

(83) Mancini, J., Weckselblatt, B.C., Chung, Y.K., Durante, J., Andelman, S., Glaubman, J., Dorff, J.D., Bhargava, S., Lijek, R.S., Unger, K.P. and Okeke, I.N. (2011). The Heat-Resistant Agglutinin Family Includes a Novel Adhesin from Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Strain 60A. Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 193.No. 18: 4813-4820. (USA)(Contribution: 30%)

(84) Okeke, I.N., Macfarlane-Smith, L.R., Fletcher, J.N. and Snelling, A.M. (2011). IS3 Profiling Identifies the Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O-island 62 in a Distinct EnteroaggregativeE. coli Lineage. Gut Pathogens Vol. 3: e4. (Italy) (Contribution: 20%)

(85) Namboodiri, S.S., Opintan, J.A., Lijek, R.S., Newman, M.J. and Okeke, I.N. (2011). Quinolone Resistance in Fecal Escherichia coli from Accra, Ghana. BMC Microbiology Vol. 11: 44. (United Kingdom)(Contribution: 30%)

(86) Labar, A.S., Millman, J.S., Ruebush, E., Opintan, J.A., Bishar, R.A., Aboderin, A.O., Newman, M.J., Lamikanra, A. and Okeke, I.N. (2012). Regional Dissemination of an Integron-Borne Trimethoprim-Resistance Cassette via a Successful Transposable Element. PLoS OneVol.7. No. 5: e38142. (USA) (Contribution: 30%)

(87) Aboderin, A.O., Adefehinti, O., Odetoyin, B.W., Olotu, A.A., Okeke, I.N. and Adeodu, O.O.(2012). Prolonged Febrile Illness Due to CTX-M-15 Extended Spectrum -lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae

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Infection in Nigeria. African Journal of Laboratory MedicineVol. 1. No. 1, e16, 4 pages. (Ethiopia and USA)(Contribution: 20%)

(88) Okeke, I.N. (2012).Book review: Africa in the Time of Cholera: A History of Pandemics from 1817 to the Present [by Myron Echenberg, CambUnivPress]. Emerging Infectious DiseasesVol. 18. No. 2: 362. (USA) (Contribution:100%)

(89) Marin, M.A., Thompson, C.C., Freitas, F.S., Fonseca, E.L., Aboderin, A.O., Zailani, S.B., Quartey, N-K.E., Okeke, I.N. and Vicente, A.C.P. (2013). Cholera Outbreaks in Nigeria are Associated with Multidrug Resistant Atypical El Tor and Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae. PLoS Neglected Tropical DiseasesVol. 7. No. 2:e2049. (USA)(Contribution: 10%).

(90) Okeke, I.N., Cruz, J.R., Keusch, G.T., Alliance for Prudent Use of Antibiotics – Nutrition Group (2013). Re: Antibiotics for Uncomplicated Severe Malnutrition. New England Journal of Medicine. Vol. 368.No. 25: 2435-2436. (USA) (Contribution: 30%).

(91) Dutilh, B.E., Thompson, C.C., Vicente, A.C.P., Marin, M.A., Lee, C., Silva, G.G.Z., Schmieder, R., Andrade, B.G.N., Chimetto, L., Cuevas, D., Garza, D.R., Okeke, I.N., Aboderin, O., Spangler, J., Ross, T., Dinsdale, E.A., Thompson, F.L., Harkins, T.T. and Edwards, R.A. (2014).Genomic Landscape of Vibrio cholerae Connects Genotype and Phenotype Across Habitat, Space and Time. BMC Genomics Vol. 15: 654; DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-654. (United Kingdom)(Contribution:10%)

(92) Okeke, I.N., Manning, R.S., Pfeiffer, T. (2014). Diagnostic Schemes for Reducing Time to Detection of African Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreaks. Journal of Infections in Developing CountriesVol.8.No.9 1148-1159. (Italy) (Contribution:40%)

(93) Sumrall, E.T., Gallo, E.B., Aboderin A.O., Lamikanra, A. and Okeke, I.N. (2014).Dissemination of the Transmissible Quinolone-Resistance Gene qnrS1 by incX Plasmids in Nigeria. PLoSOne Vol. 9. No. 10:e110279. (USA)(Contribution: 10%)

(94) Chattaway, M.A.,Jenkins, C., Rajendram, D., Cravioto, A., Talukder, K.A.,,Dallman, T., Underwood, A., Platt,S., Okeke, I.N. and Wain, J. (2014). EnteroaggregativeEscherichia coliHave Evolved Independently as Distinct Groups Within the E. coli Population with Varying Ability to Cause Disease. PLoSOne Vol. 9. No. 11:e112967. (USA) (Contribution: 10%).

(95) Okeke I.N.(2016).Book Review: Wendland, Claire L. A Heart for the Work: Journeys Through an African Medical School. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010. 330pp.”Journal of Retracing Africa. Vol. 2. No. 1: 120-123. (USA) (Contribution: 100%).

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(96) Okeke, I.N., Aboderin A.O. and Opintan J.A. (2016). Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli May Account for Uncultured Shigella. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVol. 94:480-481 (USA) (Contribution: 70%).

(97) Odetoyin, B.W., Aboderin, A.O., Okeke, I.N. (2016). Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Mother-Child Pairs in Ile-Ife, South Western Nigeria. BMC Infectious DiseasesVol. 16. No. 1: e28.(UK) (Contribution: 30%).

(98) Chattaway M.A., Aboderin A.O., Fashae K., Okoro C.K., Opintan J.A. and Okeke I.N. (2016) Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Enteric Bacteria in Sub-Saharan Africa: Clones, Implications and Research Needs. Frontiers in Microbiology. Vol 7:558. Electronic doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00558 (Switzerland)(Contribution: 40%).

(99) Okeke I.N. (2016) Laboratory Systems as an Antimicrobial Resistance Containment Tool in Africa. African Journal of Laboratory Medicine.Vol 5, No.3: 8 pages. doi: 10.4102/ajlm.v5i3.497 (South Africa)(Contribution: 100%)

(100) Okeke I.N. (2016) African Biomedical Scientists and the Promises of ‘Big Science’. Canadian Journal of African Studies. Vol. 50, No. 3:455-78. (Canada)(Contribution: 100%)

(101) Glaubman, J., Hofmann, J., Bonney, M.E., Park, S., Thomas, J.M., Kokona, B., Ramos-Falcón, L.I., Chung, Y.K., Fairman, R. and Okeke, I.N. (2016). Self-association motifs in the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli heat-resistant agglutinin. Microbiology, Vol. 162: 1091-1102.(UK) (Contribution: 25%)

(102) Okeke, I. N., Babalola, C. P., Byarugaba, D. K., Djimde, A., andOsoniyi, O. R. (2017). Broadening Participation in the Sciences within and from Africa: Purpose, Challenges, and Prospects. CBE-Life Sciences Education, Vol. 16, No. 2, es2. (USA) (Contribution: 50%)

(103) Hazen, TH, Michalski, J, Nagaraj , S, Okeke IN and Rasko, DA (2017). Characterization of a large antibiotic resistance plasmid found in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolate B171 and its relatedness to plasmids of diverse E. coli. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 61(9). pii: e00995-17.(USA) (Contribution: 20%)

(104) Odetoyin BW, Labar AS, Lamikanra A, Aboderin AO, Okeke IN (2017). Classes 1 and 2 integrons in faecal Escherichia coli strains isolated from mother-child pairs in Nigeria. PLoS One. 2017 Aug

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22;12(8):e0183383. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183383. eCollection 2017. (USA) (Contribution: 20%)

f. Books, Chapters in Books and Articles already accepted for Publication

(105) Nkengasong, J., Okeke I.N.,Ondoa P. and Onyebujoh, P. (2017) Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention: Tackling the Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance in Africa. Global Health and Diplomacy. In press. (US) (Contribution: 30%)

(106) Okeke IN (2017) Honing in on disease etiology. African Journal of Laboratory Medicine. In Press. (South Africa) (Contribution: 30%)

g. Technical Reports and Monographs

(107) Okeke, I.N., Snelling, A.M., Fletcher, J.F. and Chapman, P. (2007)Development and Validation of Diagnostic Tests for EnteroaggregativeEscherichia coli. Food standards Agency, London, United Kingdom (273 pages). (40% contribution)

(108) Okeke, I.N. (2004).Antimicrobial Resistance in West Africa: Magnitude and Containment. Society in Science, Zürich, Switzerland. (88 pages). (100% contribution)

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XI. Major Conferences Attended with Reports or Papers Read (in the last 5 years)

1) American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) annual meeting in Vancouver, Canada. Feb 16-20, 2012.Paper read: Access Toward a Global Lab: Building Science Capacity in Developing Countries.

2) 1st International Conference of the African Society for Laboratory Medicine (ASLM), December 1 7, 2012, Cape Town, South Africa.‐Paper read: Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries

3) Making Scientific Capacity in Africa. University of Cambridge Centre for Research in the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities 13-14 June, 2014.Paper read: African Biomedical Scientists and the Promises of ‘Big Science’.

4) (IR)Reverence. An international interdisciplinary conference to commemorate the 50th year of the publication of Chinua Achebe’s Arrow of God. Haverford, Swarthmore and Bryn Mawr Colleges 6-9 Oct 2014.Paper read: Eating Sacred Yams: Diagnostics and Disease in African Health systems.

5) Antibiotic resistance in low-income populations. Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. 31 March 2015.Paper read:Challenges Associated with Controlling Bacterial Infections in Resource-Limited African Settings.

6) Dreaming of Health and Science in Africa: Aesthetics, Affects, Poetics and Politics. Hinxton Hall, Wellcome Trust Conference Center, Cambridge, UK. 13-15 June 2015.Paper read:Evolved Molecular Biology Laboratories in West Africa.

7) Nigerian Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting, University of Lagos, Nigeria. 2-5 September, 2015.Paper read:Cell-detaching Escherichia coli: A New Diarrhoeagenic Pathotype?

8) International Association for Dental Research. 12th Annual meeting. Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. 13-16th October 2015.Paper read: Science:  Our Own Endless Frontier -  ImprovingResearch in Developing Countries.

9) East African Public Health Laboratory Network Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Meeting. Nairobi, Kenya, 4-5 May, 2016.Paper read:Mobile elements and resistant clones in Africa: Why we are all connected.

10)2nd UNESCO-Merck Africa Research Summit (UNESCO-MARS). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 28-29 Nov 2016.

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Paper Read:Pathogen molecular epidemiology to support technological interventions.

11)Biannual conference of the African Society for Laboratory Medicine, Cape town. 3-6 December, 2016.Paper read:Mobile genetic elements in Gram negative resistance.

12)Humanistic Perspectives on US Global Health Partnerships in Africa and Beyond Walter Chapin Simpson Center, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. 23-24 Feb 2017Paper read:Keynote lecture -Africans in Pathogen Genomics Research.

13)Setting funding priorities for Antimicrobial Resistance in Africa. African Academy of Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya. 7 Sep 2017.Paper read:The significance of antimicrobial resistance: Global impact, Local elements.

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TEN PUBLICATIONS THAT BEST REFLECT MY CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCHOLARSHIP IN PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY

1. Okeke, I.N., Lamikanra, A., Czeuculin, J., Dubovsky, F., Kaper, J.B. and Nataro, J.P. (2000). Heterogeneous Virulence of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Children in South West Nigeria. Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 181: 252-260.

2. Okeke, I.N.and Nataro, J.P. (2001). Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli.TheLancet - Infectious Diseases Vol. 1: 304-313.

3. Okeke, I.N., Laxminarayan, R., Bhutta, Z.A., Duse, A.G., Jenkins, P., O'Brien, T.F., Pablos-Mendez, A., Klugman, K.P. (2005). Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries. Part I: Recent Trends and Current Status. The Lancet Infectious Diseases Vol. 5. No. 8: 481-493.

4. Opintan, J.A., Newman, M.J., Nsiah-Poodoh, O.A., and Okeke, I.N. (2008). Vibrio cholerae O1 from Accra, Ghana carrying a Class 2 Integron and the SXT Element. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Vol. 62: 929-933.

5. Hwang, J., Mattei, L.M., VanArendonk, L.G., Meneely, P.M. and Okeke, I.N. (2010). A Pathoadaptive Deletion in an Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Outbreak Strain Enhances Virulence in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model. Infection and Immunity Vol. 78. No. 9:4068-4076.

6. Okeke, I.N., Wallace-Gadsden, F., Simons, H.R., Matthews, N., Labar, A.S., Hwang, J. and Wain, J. (2010). Multi-locus Sequence typing of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coliIsolates from Nigerian Children Uncovers Multiple Lineages. PLoS ONE Vol. 5. No.11: e14093.

7. Okeke, I.N. (2011). Divining Without Seeds: The Case for Strengthening Laboratory Medicine in Africa. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 222 pp. ISBN 978-080-146-138-5

8. Mancini, J., Weckselblatt, B.C., Chung, Y.K., Durante, J., Andelman, S., Glaubman, J., Dorff, J.D., Bhargava, S., Lijek, R.S., Unger, K.P. and Okeke, I.N. (2011). The Heat-Resistant Agglutinin Family Includes a Novel Adhesin from Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Strain 60A. Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 193. No. 18: 4813-4820.

9. Labar, A.S., Millman, J.S., Ruebush, E., Opintan, J.A., Bishar, R.A., Aboderin, A.O., Newman, M.J., Lamikanra, A. and Okeke, I.N. (2012). Regional Dissemination of an Integron-Borne Trimethoprim-Resistance Cassette via a Successful Transposable Element. PLoS One Vol. 7. No. 5: e38142.

10. Sumrall, ET, Gallo, EB, Aboderin AO, Lamikanra, A and OKEKE, IN (2014) Dissemination of the transmissible quinolone-resistance gene qnrS1 by incX plasmids in Nigeria. PLoS One. 9(10):e110279.

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Summary of Research Focus Okeke, IN

I use bacterial genetics to study the molecular epidemiology, colonization, pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance of enteric bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli. My research informs the diarrheal disease epidemiology, antimicrobial use and development, as well as vaccine development, and is therefore integral to pharmaceutical microbiology.

My doctoral thesis demonstrated that a relatively understudied category of diarrhea-causing bacteria - enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) - was the predominant cause of childhood diarrhea in south western Nigeria. I found that EAEC strains were genetically heterogeneous and that the existing molecular probe, whose efficacy had not previously been evaluated in Africa, lacked sensitivity (Nos. 25, 26). Post-doctorally, I studied the functional diversity of virulence genes in pathogenic E. coli and Vibrio cholerae (Nos. 4, 30, 32, 69). In the course of this research, I learned molecular genetics, which was key to my subsequent lines of questioning and a key focus of my teaching (1). In my independent research with mentored students I have used sequence-based methods to phylogenetically order EAEC and continue to work to identify pathogenic subgroups (Nos. 58, 59, 71, 78, 85, 94) and improve the definitions of other enteric pathogens (Nos. 38, 68, 96). We continue to describe EAEC epidemiology (Nos. 41, 73) and our lab is the leader in EAEC research in Africa and one of the four most prominent groups studying this neglected pathogen worldwide.

Our colonization research is focused on bacterial surface proteins that interact directly with eukaryotic cell receptors, with abiotic solid surfaces that are within colonized niches, or with co-colonizing bacteria. We primarily study the agglutinins, a family of non-structural, integral outer-membrane proteins in Gram-negative bacteria that includes Hra2, a novel adhesin discovered in our laboratory (No. 85). We research the structure and function of these proteins as well as their interactions with other proteins on the surface of EAEC cells (Nos. 66, 84, 101).

We characterize antimicrobial resistance among enteric bacteria in West Africa and study factors that exacerbate the resistance problem here (No.18, 23, 52, 98). The questions we ask experimentally in pathogens as well as commensals are (i) What are the genetic elements that account for resistance? (ii) How are successful genetic elements disseminated? and (iii) How and why do resistant strains attain a level of fitness that allows them to replace susceptible ones? Our research has identified successful transposons, genomic islands and plasmids that are abundant in developing countries, particularly in West Africa (Nos. 57, 61, 74, 81-83, 91, 93) and extends beyond the laboratory to scholarly dissection of contributing anthropogenic factors (Nos. 2, 5, 11, 23, 40, 46, 48, 77, 79, 90, 99). My other Science and Technology academic work focuses on the application of microbiological and molecular sciences to health care and knowledge development in Africa (Nos.3, 6, 40, 62, 65, 80, 100).

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