Pharmacy 2 Handbook - otago.ac.nz · Dr Shakila Rizwan Room 421, Fourth Floor, Adams Building Ph: 479-5410 Fax: 479-7034 Email: [email protected] Dr Allan Gamble Room 420,

Pharmacy 2 Handbook 2015

New Zealand’s National School of Pharmacy

Te Kura Mātauraka Wai-whakaora University of Otago

While all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the information contained herein is correct at

the time of going to press, matters covered by this publication are subject to change.

The School of Pharmacy reserves the right to introduce such changes (including addition, withdrawal or restructuring of papers and programmes) as it may judge to be necessary or desirable.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 2015 Calendar .........................................................................................................................5 Student Support Co-ordinators ................................................................................................6 Key Undergraduate Positions ..................................................................................................7 Student Timetable ...................................................................................................................8 Textbook List ...........................................................................................................................9 Standard Drug List ................................................................................................................ 11 Generic Drug Profile ............................................................................................................. 15 Example Drug Profile ............................................................................................................ 16 COURSE OUTLINES PHCY 219 ............................................................................................................................. 17 PHCY 231 ............................................................................................................................. 19 PHCY 251. ............................................................................................................................ 21 PHCY 254 ............................................................................................................................ 23 PHCY 255 ............................................................................................................................. 26 PHCY 256 ............................................................................................................................. 29 PHCY 258 ............................................................................................................................. 31 PHCY 259. ............................................................................................................................ 33 PHCY 263 ............................................................................................................................. 35

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2015 SCHOOL OF PHARMACY CALENDAR

First Semester

Semester 1 lectures begin ....................................................................................................................... 23 Feb Good Friday (holiday) ............................................................................................................................... 3 April Mid-semester break begins ...................................................................................................................... 6 April Easter Monday (holiday) .......................................................................................................................... 6 April Otago Anniversary Day observed (holiday) .............................................................................................. 7 April First semester resumes .......................................................................................................................... 13 April ANZAC Day observed (holiday) ............................................................................................................. 27 April First semester lectures finish .................................................................................................................. 29 May University mid-year exams begin ........................................................................................................... 30 May Queen’s Birthday (holiday) ...................................................................................................................... 1 June University mid-year exams finish ........................................................................................................... 17 June

Second Semester

Semester 2 lectures begin (P2 & P3) ........................................................................................................ 6 July Semester 2 lectures begin (P4) ............................................................................................................... 13 July Mid-semester break begins ................................................................................................................ 24 August Second semester resumes (P2 & P4) ................................................................................................ 31 August Second semester resumes (P3) ..................................................................................................... 7 September Second semester lectures finish ........................................................................................................ 9 October University end-of-year exams begin ................................................................................................. 10 October Labour Day (holiday) ........................................................................................................................ 26 October University end of year exams finish ................................................................................................. 7 November School graduation function (date to be confirmed) .......................................................................... 4 December

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STUDENT SUPPORT CO-ORDINATORS The Student Support Co-ordinators are:

Dr Shakila Rizwan Room 421, Fourth Floor, Adams Building Ph: 479-5410 Fax: 479-7034 Email: [email protected]

Dr Allan Gamble Room 420, Fourth Floor, Adams Building Ph: 479-7324 Fax: 479-7034 Email: [email protected]

For urgent matters please contact Pharmacy Reception. Unless your enquiry is urgent, you should make an appointment to see Dr Rizwan or Dr Gamble so that quality time can be provided. The Student Support Co-ordinators handle a variety of enquiries from Year 2 students each year, on topics such as: Difficulties (academic) with the year 2 course Illness Bereavements Family worries Financial difficulties Workload Stress Impairment advice Absence from classes Harassment Timetable difficulties

In a number of instances, the Student Support Co-ordinators are the best initial contact to deal with your inquiry. Please ensure that your semester and home addresses and telephone numbers are correct on eVision. The Student Support Co-ordinators may have cause to contact you or your family if an emergency arises. If you have a complaint or concern about a particular staff member or programme, then you should take it up with the staff member concerned first. If you do not wish to do this, then discuss the matter with Professor Stephen Duffull, the Dean of the School. All enquiries are treated confidentially. Complaints or concerns about individual staff members are not dealt with by the School of Pharmacy Student/Staff Liaison meetings, but matters relating to a paper are. University Study Assistance and Support Services You should make yourself familiar with the services offered by the Student Learning Centre (located next to the Central Library in the Information Services Building). The Centre provides study assistance by way of workshops designed to help students improve their skills and strategies to become more effective and efficient learners. It is also possible to make individual appointments to discuss study related concerns or receive practical guidance in, for example, writing an essay, getting started on an assignment, improving time management and English language skills. Contact details for the Student Learning Centre are: ph: 479-5786; email: [email protected] or web: http://hedc.otago.ac.nz/hedc/sld.html The University also has a number of other support services available. Student Health and Disability Information & Support Services provide valuable support and assistance. In addition the Māori Centre and the Pacific Islands Centre offer tutorials and excellent support services to students. Information on these Services can be found at http://www.otago.ac.nz/studentservices/director/index.html

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KEY UNDERGRADUATE POSITIONS Director for Undergraduate Programmes: T.B.A Director for Admissions: Dr June Tordoff Director of Examinations and Assessments: Dr Arlene McDowell

Dr McDowell is the person to see if you have any assessment or examination issues to discuss.

Student Support Co-ordinators: Dr Shakila Rizwan Dr Allan Gamble Disabilities Officer: Dr Arlene McDowell Kaiāwhina Māori (Māori Student Advisor): Dr James Green Pacific Island Student Advisor: Professor Pauline Norris International Student Advisor: Dr Susan Heydon P2 Dispensing Co-ordinator: Mrs Nicky Hewson P3 Dispensing Co-ordinator: Miss Kate Chesney

P2 Paper Co-ordinators Paper Title Co-ordinator Full Year PHCY 263 Principles of Pharmacy Practice Dr Susan Heydon First Semester PHCY 231 Biochemistry Dr Alan Carne (Biochemistry) PHCY 251 Physiology Associate Professor Phil Sheard (Physiology) PHCY 254 Physical Pharmacy A Dr Shakila Rizwan PHCY 256 Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Mr David Schmierer Second Semester PHCY 219 Microbiology and Immunology Dr Judith Bateup (Microbiology&Immunology) PHCY 255 Physical Pharmacy B Dr Greg Walker PHCY 258 Introduction to Drug Action Associate Professor Joel Tyndall PHCY 259 Quality of Medicines Dr Allan Gamble

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STUDENT TIMETABLE All Pharmacy students are expected to be available 8am – 6pm Monday – Friday during semester time. We arrange the Pharmacy timetable as much as possible before the start of the teaching year but due to the nature of our teaching (e.g. we use a lot of outside experts in classes) we often have to move classes. The School of Pharmacy has developed a web-based timetable to allow all students to see the most up-to-date version of their timetable. All classes have been given session codes, which are printed in this handbook, the times for these classes are available from the web timetable. All students should check the web timetable (www.otago.ac.nz/pharmacy and select Student Timetables from the Quickfind drop-down list) each week for their timetable for the coming week. Each class has a session code, lectures are coded by a two digit number only, laboratories are coded with an ‘L’ and a two digit number, e.g. L01, workshops are coded with a ‘W’ and a two digit number, e.g. W02, tutorials are coded with a ‘T’ and a two digit number, e.g. T03, CAL laboratories are coded with a ‘C’ and a two digit number, e.g. C04, seminars are coded with a ‘S’ and a two digit number, e.g. S05. The following rules have been set for the web timetable:

Timetables are correct at 6pm each Sunday. The timetable for each week is posted on the 6th floor noticeboard, by 8.30am each Monday morning. Any changes made after 6pm Sunday will be emailed to students. If any changes are made on the same day (e.g. lecture cancellation due to illness), a text message will be

sent to all students who are listed on the eTXT system. At the beginning of the year all cellphone numbers are downloaded from eVision. Therefore, if you wish to receive the messages regarding late timetable changes you must ensure your cellphone number is listed on eVision. If you do not want to be on the School eTXT list, please email the Undergraduate Administrator and she will remove your number from the list. Please let the Undergraduate Administrator know if your cellphone number changes during the year. NOTE: You will be assigned to a specific group at the start of the semester and must stay in that group

for the whole of the year for all Pharmacy 2 papers. If you need to attend another workshop or lab other than the one you are scheduled to attend, you must

follow the instructions for requesting a group swap, as outlined in the Student BPharm Handbook. You may not attend another group’s workshop without permission (which will be granted only if it does not make that group too big).

You will NOT normally be given permission to attend a laboratory class in a group other than your own.

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TEXTBOOK LIST Key: H Highly Recommended R Recommended Reading PHCY 219 INTRODUCTORY MICROBIOLOGY Wiley, J. and Sherwood, L. and Woolverton, C. (2014) Prescott’s Microbiology, 9th edn, McGraw-Hill. H PHCY 231 BIOCHEMISTRY Campbell, M. K. and Farrell, S.O. (2012) Biochemistry, 7th edn, Saunders College Publishing. H PHCY 251 PHYSIOLOGY Widmaier, E.P., Raff, H. and Strang, K.T. (2013) Vander’s Human Physiology, 13th edn, McGraw-Hill Inc. (The 12th edition is acceptable). H PHCY 254/255 PHYSICAL PHARMACY A and B Sinko, P. (2006) Martin’s Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5th edn, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. H Aulton, M. E. (2007) Pharmaceutics: The Design and Manufacture of Medicines, 3rd edn, Churchill Livingston. H Florence, A.T. and Attwood, D. (2011) Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy, 5th edn, Pharmaceutical Press.

H PHCY 256 BIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY Blackman, A., Bottle, S., Schmid, S., Mocerino M., Wille, U., (2012), Chemistry, 2nd edn, Wiley & Sons. H PHCY 258 INTRODUCTION TO DRUG ACTION Patrick, G. L. (2013) An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, 5th edn, Oxford University Press. H Rang, Humphrey, and Dale, Maureen, and Ritter, James, and Flower, Rod, and Henderson, Graeme, (2011) Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology, 7th edn, Churchill Livingston. R Lemke, T.L and Williams, D. A. (2013) Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry 7th edn, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. R

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PHCY 259 QUALITY OF MEDICINES

Watson, D. G., (2005) Pharmaceutical Analysis: a textbook for pharmacy students and pharmaceutical chemists, 2nd edn, Elsevier/Churchill Livingston. R Donnelly, Jr, R. A., (2007) The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Statistics, 2nd edn, Penguin USA. H Kirkwood, B.R., Sterne J.A.C., (2003) Essential Medical Statistics, 2nd edn, Blackwell Science. R

PHCY 263 PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACY PRACTICE Ethics: Campbell, A., Gillett, G and Jones, G (2005) Medical Ethics, 4th edn, Oxford University Press R Law: Either: Required Reading

Medicines Act 1981 Medicines Regulations 1984. Note that amendments have occurred in 2014, ensure you have an up-to-

date version Health Information Privacy Code Health and Disability Commissioner (Code of Health and Disability Services Consumer’s Rights)

Regulations 1996 Pharmacy Council Code of Ethics 2011

Or: Ram, S. & Chesney, K. (2014) Pharmacy Law Guidebook, 3 edn, Thomson Reuters H You require a copy of the law to use in class, including class preparation, and for use during the checkout test, and the final test. You have the option of purchasing the legislation listed above OR purchasing the textbook, you do not need to purchase both. The textbook - Pharmacy Law Guidebook (3rd edition) – this will be used throughout the BPharm programme and will only need to be added to should significant changes to legislation occur. The textbook contains all the legislation and commentary on the legislation required for the law component of the BPharm programme. It is available at the University Book Shop. The legislation – this will be used throughout the BPharm programme and you will need to add to it for PHCY346 and PHCY472. The legislation can be accessed in a few different ways: For purchase from Whitcoulls on George St, Dunedin. Electronic access on the library website via Brookers Online or electronic access from www.legislation .govt.nz. You will need your own copy of the law – either textbook or legislation – for use during class and during assessments (assessments are open book). Note also that the use of computers will not be permitted during in-class assessments, therefore an electronic copy of the legislation will not be sufficient.

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STANDARD DRUG LIST Introduction There are in excess of 3000 medicines available on the NZ market. It is quite literally impossible to know all aspects of all medicines/drugs. It is generally accepted that most healthcare professionals have a “short” list of drugs about which they are knowledgeable. This short list usually corresponds with those drugs that they use in practice most often. Students are not in a position to gain experience in drug usage and therefore some guidance about important drugs and important knowledge about drugs is essential. The lists compiled in this document are similar to those that have been developed for medical students enrolled at The University of Otago. Purpose To provide students and staff with a list of drugs for which some expectation of knowledge is required. The lists The standard drug list comprises 3 categories. Category 1 This is a short list of 43 drugs that are considered to comprise essential knowledge for students. Students are expected to complete a drug profile (see Appendix A) for each of these drugs and be able to discuss any of the relevant details in class, during placements, and for verbal and written assessments and examinations. [It is not a requirement that staff teach to category 1 drugs.] Category 2 This is a longer list of drugs about which students are required to have some knowledge. In some cases this may be to compare and contrast with other drugs of a class. In other cases this might be for reasons of special interest to pharmaceutical or clinical sciences or pharmacy practice. Category 3 This is a list of drugs that the student is expected to have some awareness (e.g. what the drug is used for).

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Category 1 Drugs (Generic Names)

aciclovir alendronate allopurinol amitriptyline amoxicillin aspirin bendromethiazide carbamazepine ciprofloxacin co-trimoxazole ciclosporin diazepam diclofenac enalapril enoxaparin erythromycin fluoxetine frusemide gentamicin gliclazide haloperidol insulin levodopa lignocaine lithium metformin methotrexate metoclopramide metoprolol metronidazole morphine omeprazole paracetamol phenytoin prednisone ranitidine salbutamol simvastatin sumatriptan valproate vancomycin warfarin

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6-mercaptopurine gabapentin terbinafine amiodarone glyceryl trinitrate tetracycline amlodipine Heparin (unfractionated) theophylline amphoteracin b hydrocortisone thyroxine atenolol hydroxocobalamin tramadol atracurium ibuprofen trastuzumab atropine interferon vasopressin azathioprine ipratropium verapamil beclomethasone iron salts vincristine benztropine isoniazid zidovudine caffeine lactulose zoledronate calcitriol lamotrigine carbidopa leflunomide carbimazole levonorgestrel cefuroxime lisinopril celecoxib mebendazole cetirizine mesalazine chloramphenicol methadone chlorothiazide methyldopa chlorpromazine methylprednisolone cholestyramine misoprostol cilazapril mycophenolate cimetidine naloxone cisplatin naproxen clonidine neostigmine clotrimazole nicotine clozapine nifedipine codeine norfloxacin colchicine olanzapine coloxyl and senna ondansetron cyclophosphamide oxybutynin dexamethasone paroxetine dextromethorphan phenobarbitone digoxin phenoxymethylpenicillin diphenhydramine pioglitazone docetaxel promethazine domperidone propranolol doxazosin pseudoephedrine doxorubicin quetiapine doxycycline quinine entacapone rifampicin ergotamine risperidone erythropoietin ritonavir ethinyloestradiol rituximab felodipine salmeterol fentanyl sildenafil flucloxacillin spironolactone fluconazole St John's wort fludrocortisone streptokinase fluorouracil sulphasalazine fluphenazine tamoxifen folate temazepam

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abacavir flutamide pyrantel pamoate abciximab fusidic acid reteplase acarbose ganciclovir ribavirin acetazolamide gaviscon risedronate acitretin gemcitabine saquinivir adalimumab glucagon selegiline adapalene goserelin stanazolol alprostadil hyaluronic acid stavudine amiloride hydroxyurea tadalafil anastrozole hyoscine terlipressin atorvastatin hydroxychloroquine thioguanine baclofen ifosfamide thioridazine benzoyl peroxide imatinib tirofiban betamethasone imipenem tolcapone bezafibrate indinavir tolterodine bromocriptine infliximab tranexamic acid buspirone isosorbide mononitrate tretinoin calcipotriol isotretinoin triamcinolone calcium carbonate lamivudine trimethoprim calcium resonium leuprorelin venlafaxine cannabis loperamide vinblastin capsaicin loratadine vinorelbine carboplatin lorazepam voriconazole caspofungin losartan zopiclone cefaclor mefloquine cefepime melphalan ceftazadime meropenem ceftriaxone methylphenidate chloroquine miconazole citalopram mitomycin clindamycin mitroxantrone clobetasol moclobemide clopidogril mupirocin cyclizine nandrolone decanoate cyproterone nelfinavir cytarabine nevirapine daunorubicin nitrofurantoin desogestrel norfluoxetine dextropropoxyphene nystatin didanosine octreotide diltiazem oxycodone dipyridamole paclitaxel dithranol pamidronate dopamine pancurorium efalizumab pholcodine efavirenz piperacillin etidronate piroxicam etoposide pizotifen filgastrim plasmalyte flecainide pravastatin flucytosine prazosin flumazenil propofol

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Generic Drug Profile To be completed by student for all category 1 drugs

Generic name

Class Chemical

Therapeutic

Main structure activity

Physicochemical properties

A/B/N

pKa

logP

Formulation/administration

Storage

Indications

Mechanism of action Micro

Macro

Pharmacokinetics

F

Prodrug?

Vd

CL

fe

CYP

Active Metabolites

Side effects Type A

Type B

Interactions Drugs

Food

Contraindications Absolute

Relative

Pregnancy Classification

Lactation % Wt Adj Mat dose

Evidence base

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Example Drug Profile

Generic name gentamicin

Class Chemical 3 linked amino-sugar units (produced from Actinomycetes spp) – is a mixture of 3 components

Therapeutic aminoglycoside antibiotic

Main structure activity Activity differences between aminoglycosides conferred by the structure of the aminosugars. For gentamicin substitution of CH3- or H- at R1 & R2 confer little change in activity.

Physicochemical

properties A/B/N pKa logP

B 8.2 (approx) -1.9

Formulation/administration Injection, to be administered by intermittent intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. Also available as eyedrops.

Storage Room temperature

Indications Mod-severe infections with sensitive organisms – usually aerobic gram-negative. Infections incl. febrile neutropenia, hosp acq pneumonia, complicated pyelonephritis…

Mechanism of action Micro Binds to ribosome 30S and 50S subunits –

interferes with protein synthesis Macro Concentration-dependent bactericidal

activity

Pharmacokinetics

F Prodrug? Vd CL fe CYP Active Metabolites

0% (not absorbed orally) No 18 L/70 kg (same as extracellular fluid vol) 4 L/h/70kg (depends on GFR) 95% Nil Nil

Side effects Type A

nephrotoxicity (5-10%), ototoxicity (vestibular and sensory hearing), muscle relaxant

Type B Rash (v rare), blood dyscrasias (v rare)

Interactions Drugs No PK interactions of note. May enhance nephrotoxicity of other nephrotoxic drugs

Food Nil

Contraindications Absolute allergy to gentamicin

Relative -

Pregnancy Classification D – rare reports of ototoxicity in neonates, possibility also of nephrotoxicity in neonates

Lactation % Wt Adj Mat dose Irrelevant as not absorbed orally by baby.

Evidence base Strong evidence in favour of once daily dosing with TDM

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COURSE OUTLINES

PHCY 219 MICROBIOLOGY and IMMUNOLOGY Duration: Semester 2 Points: 12 Paper Co-ordinator: Dr Judith Bateup Microbiology and Immunology Email: [email protected] Ph: 479 8053 A. Prescription: Introduction to bacteria, viruses and eukaryotic microbes, the normal microbiota and infectious disease. Immunity to infection. Preservation of medicinal formulations and contamination control. Recombinant DNA technology and pharmaceutical biotechnology. B. Learning Aims and Objectives of Paper: Generic The aim of this paper is to introduce students to concepts of microbiology and immunology that are of relevance to pharmacists and pharmaceutical researchers. Specific By the end of this course, students will be generally familiar with the following: The biology of microorganisms:

The structural features of bacteria, viruses and eukaryotic microbes. Requirements of microbial growth and nutrition. Unique features of microbes that provide specific drug targets. The basic mechanisms by which microbes resist antimicrobial agents. How microbes respond to their environment and the changes they undergo during these responses. The principles of disease transmission and categories of infectious disease. Microbial diversity and the role of this within the normal microbiota and development of infectious disease.

Immunity to infection: The principal components of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Antigen acquisition, processing, presentation and co-stimulation. Generation of antibody and T-cell receptor diversity. The roles of chemokines, cytokines and their receptors. Principles of effector mechanisms and the generation of tolerance.

Pharmaceutical microbiology: The basic concepts of preservation, including sterilisation, pasteurisation and disinfection. Microbial contamination of pharmaceutical products. Specific techniques for the preservation of medicines and the implications of these treatments for the functionality of the products. Protocols for the quality assurance and monitoring of preservation strategies in the pharmaceutical industry.

Pharmaceutical biotechnology: Basic concepts of biotechnology. Principles of recombinant DNA technology, cloning, expression, vector and host selection. Practical aspects of optimisation for the biotechnological production of pharmaceuticals. Specific examples of pharmaceutical biotechnology.

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C. Workload Expectations:

Hours Derivation

Lectures 36 3 per week for 12 weeks Laboratories 10 5 x 2 hr laboratory sessions Workshop Nil Subtotal 46 Non-Contact Hours (for average student) 104

Total Number of Hours 150 D. Assessment Procedures and Submission Dates: (i) In-course Assessment

Type of Task Percentage Contribution to Final Grade Date

Lecture Test 15% Friday 14 August Laboratory Test 15% Monday 5 October

(ii) Final Examination

Duration Percentage Contribution to Final Grade

3 hr - 40 MCQ questions and 5 essays (from a choice of 7 essay topics) 70%

(iii) A pass grade will be achieved by:

passing the final exam with a mark of 50% or greater AND an overall mark of 50% or greater. E. Timetables: Laboratory Course: This consists of 5 sessions (in weeks 36-40 of the year – i.e. starting just after the mid semester 2 break), in which students are introduced to more practical aspects of the structure, transmission and killing/control of microbes; the microbiology of selected infectious diseases (e.g. respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital, skin and soft tissue) and diagnostic virology. Lectures: Monday, Wednesday, Friday 11.00 am – 11.50 am Laboratory: Either Tuesday 9.00 – 10.50 am or Thursday 9.00 – 10.50 am

R201 Microbiology (Weeks 36-40 – i.e. starting after mid-semester break)

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PHCY 231 BIOCHEMISTRY Duration: Semester 1 Points: 7 Paper Co-ordinator: Dr Alan Carne Department of Biochemistry Telephone: 479-7855 Email: [email protected] Ph: 479 7855 A. Prescription: Metabolic integration, control and regulation. Body fuel storage, mobilisation and interconversions. Nitrogen metabolism. Cell signalling. Clinical diagnostics. Metabolic processes in drug utilisation and metabolism. Phamarcogenomics. Genomic medicine in pharmacy. B. Learning Aims and Objectives: Generic The aim of this paper is to extend and further develop the knowledge of biochemistry that the student will have acquired in BIOC 192 and CELS 191, so that, collectively, a foundation of biochemistry is achieved. The paper will help the student develop skills in the area of critical thinking, communication and working with colleagues, laboratory analysis and good laboratory practice.

Specific By the end of this module, students should be able to:

Describe the main metabolic pathways in the body and explain the key ideas and concepts associated with carbon and nitrogen metabolic processes and energy storage.

Explain how metabolic processes are regulated and integrated in different compartments in the body, involving cell signalling, with reference to specific examples.

Describe the role of clinical diagnostics in Pharmacy, metabolic integration of body organ function, metabolic processes in drug utilization, drug metabolism as a complex system, pharmacogenomics, and genomic medicine in Pharmacy.

Integrate the above knowledge with selected experiments in the laboratory that illustrate the experimental nature of the subject.

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C. Workload Expectations: Hours Derivation

Lectures 18 2 x week for 6 weeks, 1 x week for 6 weeks Tutorials 3 1 x 3 hr in week 22

Laboratories 18 6 x 3 hr, fortnightly Subtotal 39

Non-Contact Hours (for average student) 48.5

Total Number of Hours 87.5

D. Assessment Procedures and Submission Dates: (i) In-course Assessment

Type of Task No. of Tasks Percentage

Contribution to Final Grade

Date

Preparation test for lab class 3 2% each test Start of laboratory class (L02, L03, L05)

Laboratory exercise test Metabolism short answer questions

2

2

6% and 8%

5% each

Within laboratory time (L04, L06)

Within laboratory time (L04, L06)



2 hr 70%

(iii) A pass grade will be achieved by: passing the final exam with a mark of 50% or greater AND an overall mark of 50% or greater. E. Timetables: Lectures 8 am some Mondays, Thursdays and Fridays Laboratory Classes Group B some Mondays 2 pm – 5 pm Group D some Tuesdays 10 am – 1 pm Group C some Tuesdays 2 pm – 5 pm Group A some Wednesdays 2 pm – 5 pm See timetable in laboratory manual for specific lab times.

Location: Room 128 Biochemistry Department

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PHCY 251 PHYSIOLOGY Duration: Semester 1 Points: 17 Paper Co-ordinator: Associate Professor Phil Sheard Lindo Ferguson Building, Dept of Physiology Ph: 479-7045 Email: [email protected] Ph : 479 7045 A. Prescription:

A one semester terminal course surveying all aspects of human physiology. B. Learning Aims and Objectives:

Generic This paper is intended to provide a broad and thorough examination of human physiology through lectures, practical exercises and personal study. Traditionally, courses in physiology cover material by looking at each organ system in turn. That is the approach used in this paper. Specific By the end of the paper you should be able to describe and explain the following:

1. Transport and movement of substances across cellular membranes. Concept of homeostasis. 2. Basis of electrical activity in tissues; structure and function of nerve and muscle cells. 3. Roles of the peripheral nervous system; sensory and autonomic nervous systems. 4. Function of the central nervous system and the control of movement. 5. Operation of the special senses – vision, smell, taste, hearing and balance. 6. Design and function of the endocrine system; the endocrine system in reproduction. 7. Mechanics and control of respiration (breathing). 8. Design, operation and control of the circulatory system. 9. Renal function and the role of the kidneys in the homeostasis of body salt and water content and pH. 10. Nutrient requirements of the body; how these are achieved by the gastro-intestinal system. 11. Integrated responses of organ systems during dynamic exercise; the regulation of core body temperature.

This paper builds upon the core foundation of Physiology established in HUBS 191 and 192.

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Hours Derivation

Lectures 50 4 x per week for 13 weeks (approx.) Laboratories 15 1 x 3 hr laboratory fortnightly (5 sessions) Subtotal 65

Non-Contact Hours (for average student) 145

Total Number of Hours 210


Type of Task Material Covered Percentage Worth Date

First progress MCQ test Lectures to 23 March and the first lab class 18% Wednesday 15 April

Second progress MCQ test Lectures 24 March to 5 May and the second and third laboratory classes 18% Wednesday

13 May (ii) Final Examination

Duration Material Covered Percentage Worth

3 hr in two sections Section 1: 1 hr – MCQ

Lectures 6 May to 29 May and the fourth and fifth laboratory classes 18%

Section 2: 2 hr - short notes questions All material 46%

(iii) A pass will be achieved by: Passing section 2 of the final exam with a mark of 50% or greater AND an overall mark of 50% or greater. E. Timetables: Lectures: Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays 9.00 - 9.50 am. For each lecture block you will receive a summary of the objectives. Laboratory Practicals: These will be held in class laboratories on the ground floor of the Lindo Ferguson

Building, on Wednesdays or Fridays 2.00 - 4.50 pm. The class is divided into several streams, with each stream scheduled on alternate weeks.

Practical sessions are designed to illustrate and amplify material covered in your lectures, and include case based scenarios to help establish and show the clinical relevance of the core material.

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PHCY 254 PHYSICAL PHARMACY A Duration: Semester 1 Points: 12

Paper Co-ordinator: Dr Shakila Rizwan

A. Prescription: Physicochemical principles and formulation of solutions and dispersions. B. Learning Aims and Objectives of Papers: Generic This paper is intended to bring together aspects of the chemical, physical and biological sciences, with an emphasis on physical chemistry, to provide the basis for pharmaceutical formulation. The laboratories seek to further illustrate some of the fundamental physicochemical concepts underlying the formulation and assessment of various pharmaceutical dosage forms. After successful completion of this paper, the students will have developed an understanding of bioactives and pharmaceutical dosage forms as chemical entities whose properties are governed by physicochemical principles and an understanding of the importance of formulation technology in the development and assessment of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The students will have developed an understanding of the relevance of these principles for the quality use of medicines. The fundamental aspects of pharmaceutical development taught in this paper will allow the students to critically evaluate the properties of pharmaceutical dosage forms. After successful completion of this paper the students will be in a position to self-directly and independently improve their knowledge and understanding of pharmaceutical dosage forms. This paper aims to stimulate in the students a desire for life-long learning on pharmaceutical dosage forms, an indispensable prerequisite for a pharmaceutical professional working in academia, industry, and hospital or retail pharmacy.

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Specific By the end of the Physical Pharmacy A paper, students will be able to: Identify and determine the relevant physicochemical factors pertaining to the formulation of drugs as liquid,

semi-solid and solid dosage forms. Incorporate this knowledge in the formulation and assessment of dosage forms. Specifically, the students will be able to: Use different expressions of solubility. Understand factors which influence the solubility of different solutes in different solvents. Understand factors which influence the “activity” of solutes in solution. Identify and understand methods by which the solubility of a solute in a solvent can be modified. Formulate solutions particularly relating to use of buffers, preservatives and adjusting tonicity. Interpret ternary phase diagrams. Understand thermodynamics of interfaces and how to measure surface/interfacial tension. Understand energetic considerations in wetting of surfaces and spreading of liquids. Differentiate between physical and chemical adsorption. Identify and classify amphiphilic molecules. Understand surface and bulk behaviour of amphiphilic molecules. Understand and differentiate rheological behaviour of liquid and semi-solid systems. Calculate and predict the sedimentation behaviour of coarse and colloidal dispersions. Calculate and predict the diffusion and dissolution properties of drugs. Identify the important physicochemical properties of suspensions and emulsions. Predict the physical stability of suspensions and emulsions. Identify excipients necessary in the formulation process of suspensions and emulsions. C. Workload Expectations: Average for both papers

Hours Derivation

Lectures 36 3 x per week (12 weeks) Tutorials 4 4 x 1 hr Laboratories 18 1 x 3 hr laboratory fortnightly for 6 weeks Contact Hours 58 Non-Contact Hours (for average student) 92


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Type of Task No. of Tasks Percentage Contribution to Final Grade Date

Mathematics Skills Test

1 evaluation, (maximum of 3

resits)

Competency Test (contribution to final grade : 0%) –

students are required to show competency at the specified standard

Thursday 26 February

Retests to be advised

Pharmaceutical Calculations Test

1 evaluation, (maximum of 3

resits)

Competency Test (contribution to final grade : 0%) –

students required to achieve ≥16/20

Wednesday 11 March

Retests to be advised

Laboratory Exit Test Best 5 of 6 25% Fortnightly

(ii) Exit Tests: An Exit Test will usually be held fortnightly on the last Thursday/Friday of each laboratory. The test will consist of questions based on the laboratory and be of 30 minutes duration.

Make sure that you bring a calculator, ruler and pen. All bags, mobile phones, pencil cases, etc, must remain at the front of the lecture theatre.

Laboratories 6 (1 per group per fortnight) Exit tests 6 (1 per fortnight) Tutorials Scheduled as required, see the timetable

(iii) Final Examination:


3 hr 75%

A pass in PHCY 254 will be achieved by: Demonstrating competency in the mathematical skills test; Demonstrating competency in the pharmaceutical calculations test; Passing the in-course assessment with a mark of 50% or greater AND the final exam with a mark of 50%

or greater.

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PHCY 255 PHYSICAL PHARMACY B Duration: Semester 2 Points: 12

Paper Co-ordinator: Dr Greg Walker

A. Prescription: Physicochemical principles and formulation of solid dosage forms; drug stability; introduction to physicochemical properties of polymers. B. Learning Aims and Objectives of Papers: Generic This paper is intended to bring together aspects of the chemical, physical and biological sciences, with an emphasis on physical chemistry, to provide the basis for pharmaceutical formulation. The laboratories seek to further illustrate some of the fundamental physicochemical concepts underlying the formulation and assessment of various pharmaceutical dosage forms. After successful completion of this paper, the students will have developed an understanding of bioactives and pharmaceutical dosage forms as chemical entities whose properties are governed by physicochemical principles and an understanding of the importance of formulation technology in the development and assessment of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The students will have developed an understanding of the relevance of these principles for the quality use of medicines. The fundamental aspects of pharmaceutical development taught in this paper will allow the students to critically evaluate the properties of pharmaceutical dosage forms. After successful completion of this paper the students will be in a position to self-directly and independently improve their knowledge and understanding of pharmaceutical dosage forms. This paper aims to stimulate in the students a desire for life-long learning on pharmaceutical dosage forms, an indispensable prerequisite for a pharmaceutical professional working in academia, industry, hospital or retail pharmacy.

27

Specific By the end of the Physical Pharmacy B paper, students will be able to: Identify and determine the relevant physico-chemical factors pertaining to the formulation of drugs as liquid,

semi-solid and solid dosage forms. Incorporate this knowledge in the formulation and assessment of dosage forms. Specifically, the students will be able to: Predict the physical stability of suspensions and emulsions. Identify excipients necessary in the formulation process of suspensions and emulsions. Differentiate semi-solid dosage forms such as gels, creams, ointments and pastes. Identify and specify crystalline polymorphs. Describe the principles of diffusion and dissolution. Describe the importance of drug particle size and surface area in pharmaceutical systems. Describe the principles of particle size reduction. Describe the principles of powder flow, mixing and drying. Describe the principles of drug stability. Understand the principles of agglomeration as a prerequisite in tablet formulation. Identify excipients necessary in the tableting process. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different tableting machines. Identify excipients necessary in the capsule formulation process. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of hard and soft gelatin capsules in the drug formulation process. Predict the physical and chemical stability of drugs and dosage forms. Understand and identify the amorphous and crystalline properties of polymers. Discuss important properties of polymers, including degree of crystallinity.


Hours Derivation

Lectures 39 3 x per week (13 weeks) Tutorials 7 7 x 1 hr Laboratories 18 1 x 3 hr laboratory fortnightly for 6 weeks Contact Hours 64 Non-Contact Hours (for average student) 86


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Type of Task No. of Tasks Percentage Contribution to Final Grade Date

Laboratory Exit Test Best 5 of 6 25% Fortnightly

(ii) Exit Tests: An Exit Test will usually be held fortnightly on the last Friday of each laboratory. The test will consist of questions based on the laboratory and be of 30 minutes duration.

Make sure that you bring a calculator, ruler and pen. All bags, mobile phones, pencil cases, etc, must remain at the front of the lecture theatre.

Laboratories 6 (1 per group per fortnight) Exit tests 6 (1 per fortnight) Tutorials Scheduled as required, see the timetable

(iii) Final Examination:


3 hr 75%

A pass in PHCY 255 will be achieved by: Passing the in-course assessment with a mark of 50% or greater AND the final exam with a mark of 50%

or greater.

29

PHCY 256 BIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY Duration: Semester 1 Points: 12

Paper Co-ordinator: Mr David Schmierer

A. Prescription: Stereochemistry of drugs, carbohydrates, modulation of reactivity and acid-base properties of drugs, functional group properties and pharmaceutical stability; acid-base and reactivity properties of heterocyclic compounds, aromatic compounds.

B. Learning Aims and Objectives of Paper: Generic The aim of this paper is to give the student an introduction to drug structure and stereochemistry, and how these may affect physicochemical and pharmacological properties of drugs. Many concepts developed in the Biopharmaceutical Chemistry paper will be relevant to other papers. Examples are Physiology (PHCY 251), Biochemistry (PHCY 231), Physical Pharmacy (PHCY 254 & 255), Introduction to Drug Action (PHCY 258), Quality of Medicines (PHCY 259), Essentials of Drug Action (PHCY 340) and the Quality Use of Medicines (QUM) modules in the P3 and P4 years.

Specific By the end of the Biopharmaceutical Chemistry paper, students will be able to: Identify commonly encountered functional groups. Predict the acid-base, solubility and stability properties of pharmaceuticals based on structural elements and

functional groups. Identify and specify stereocentres in pharmaceuticals. Identify and specify geometric isomers. Incorporate this stereochemical information as a part of IUPAC nomenclature. Identify enantiomers, diastereomers and meso-compounds. Predict the presence of aromaticity, and any effects this and aromatic substituents may have on

pharmaceutical acid-base properties, reactivity and stability. Discuss carbohydrates; their stereochemistry, stability and use in Pharmacy.

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Lectures 24 4 lectures every module Laboratories 18 1 x 3 hr laboratory session every module

Tutorials 12 2 x 1 hr problem solving session every module Subtotal 54




Type of Task No. of Tasks Percentage Contribution

to Final Grade Date

Laboratory sessions 6 10% End of each laboratory session

End of module tests (MCQs) 6 20% 5, 23 March, 17, 24 April, 8, 22 May


Duration Percentage Contribution to

Final Grade

3 hr 70%

(iii) A pass will be achieved by: passing the in-course assessment with a mark of 50% or greater AND the final exam with a mark of 50% or greater.

Laboratory Sessions The Year 2 class will be divided into four groups of approximately 40 students and each group will attend

one laboratory session in the second week of each module. Once you have been assigned to a group you will be able to use the web timetable to know when you should attend laboratory sessions and tutorials.

Performance of all laboratory sessions is compulsory. You must read and think about the appropriate laboratory protocols and references before attempting the

laboratory session. Come prepared. Completed laboratory reports (in the laboratory manual) must be handed in at the end of each laboratory

session for assessment.

Tutorials The tutorials are a forum for students to attempt problems and ask questions. They are meant to be

challenging! Attendance at tutorials is not compulsory but be aware that new examinable material may be introduced.

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PHCY 258 INTRODUCTION TO DRUG ACTION Duration: Semester 2 Points: 12

Paper Co-ordinator: Associate Professor Joel Tyndall

A. Prescription: Drug structure and its relationship with physicochemical properties, drug transport, drug metabolism and drug action.

B. Learning Aims and Objectives:

Generic The aim of this paper is to introduce the principles that underpin our understanding of the relationship between drug structure and the physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. It covers the integrated disciplines of medicinal chemistry and pharmacology. Introduction to Drug Action emphasises chemical structure as a determinant of the biological activity of drug molecules from both synthetic and natural origin. Students are encouraged to recognise that drugs are, in the main, organic compounds, and that through knowledge of structure activity relationships (SAR), they can predict the behaviour of drugs as chemicals, medicines and therapeutic agents. The lectures, tutorials and practical sessions aim to assist students to develop skills in the areas of critical thinking and problem solving. The practical classes are designed to provide experience in the determination of physicochemical properties, and to facilitate an understanding of how drugs act.

Specific Specifically, by the end of Introduction to Drug Action, students will be able to: Predict the acid-base properties and lipophilicity of drugs based on structural features. Understand how structure and physicochemical properties of a drug influence drug transport following

administration via various routes. Recognise the reactions involved in the metabolism of drugs within the body and predict the metabolic pathway

of drugs from their chemical structure. Predict likely drug-protein interactions based on the functional groups present in a drug and identify the nature

of the biological effect a molecule has at different types of drugs targets. Recognise the methodologies used to identify and optimise drug leads and their access to drug targets. Understand the basic principles of pharmacology as applied to the autonomic nervous system. Understand and be able to use pharmacological terminology. Understand the different receptor classes targeted by drugs, including ionotropic, G-protein coupled, kinase-

linked and nuclear receptors. Use data from pharmacological experiments to draw conclusions about mechanisms of drug action. Be able to create dose (EC50 etc) response curves from pharmacological data and extrapolate pharmacological

variables from them.

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Hours Derivation

Lectures 24 2 x 1 hr per week Tutorials 6 6 x 1 hr Practicals (including CAL) 14 4 x 3 hr, 1 x 2 hr laboratories

Tests 3 3 x 1 hr

Subtotal 47




Type of Task No of Tasks Percentage Contribution

to Final Grade

Date

MCQ 1, 2 & 3 3 11 + 11 + 8 = 30% Friday 31 July, Tuesday 8 September, Friday 2 October

All material in lectures (and references therein), tutorials and practical sessions will be examinable.



3 hr 70%

All material in lectures (and references therein), tutorials and practical sessions will be examinable.

(iii) A pass grade will be achieved by: passing the in-course assessment with a mark of 50% or greater AND the final exam with a mark of 50% or greater.

33

PHCY 259 QUALITY OF MEDICINES Duration: Semester 2 Points: 12

Paper Co-ordinator: Dr Allan Gamble A. Prescription: Determinants of quality, compendial standards, quality assurance, analysis of medicines, pharmaceutical data and its interpretation, counterfeit medicines, quality of herbal and complementary medicines, expiry dating, generic medicines and interpretation of bioequivalence data, regulatory control of quality of medicines.

B. Learning Aims and Objectives: Generic Communication: written communication skills will be increased through report writing. Critical thinking: you will gather data and interpret it to assess the quality of medicines; you will analyse

pharmacopoeial monographs and data on a medicine to differentiate a medicine of appropriate quality from a substandard medicine.

Global perspective: material on counterfeit medicines will add to your understanding of world issues in the quality of medicines.

In-depth knowledge: this paper will contribute to your in-depth knowledge of medicines through lectures, laboratory sessions and assessments exploring issues about the quality of medicines.

Information literacy: you will acquire information from texts and the web, organise this and incorporate it with experimental results into a report.

Teamwork: you will work in teams in laboratory sessions and successful outcome will depend on your ability to co-operate.

Specific By the end of this paper you should be able to: Define and interpret what factors determine the quality of a medicine. Describe and interpret pharmacopoeial standards for medicines. Describe and interpret some methods for analysis of medicines. Describe and interpret the role of quality assurance in assuring the quality of medicines, generally and in the

community pharmacy. Describe and interpret quality of medicine issues in relation to herbal and complementary medicines. Name the regulatory authority responsible for quality of medicines in New Zealand and describe its role. Present data in clear and appropriate ways and carry out a limited number of statistical analyses of data. Determine whether a medicine meets a specified standard of quality. Predict whether a medicine is of

appropriate quality by analysing a report containing quantitative data about the medicine.

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Hours Derivation

Lectures 24 2 per week, for 12 weeks Tutorials 4 Periodically throughout the semester

Practicals 9 3 x 3 hr laboratories CAL practicals 6 2 x 3 hr computer labs

Workshops 2 1 x 2 hr workshop

Subtotal 45




Type of Task No of Tasks Percentage Contribution

to Final Grade Date

Laboratory report 1 10% Check Lab Manual for dates

CAL 1 assignment 1 7.5% Check Lab Manual for dates

CAL 2 assignment 1 7.5% Check Lab Manual for dates

Written assignment 1 10% Tuesday 22 September

Workshop 1 assignment 1 5% In workshop (ii) Final Examination


2 hr 60% All material in lectures (and references therein), workshops, tutorials and practical sessions will be examinable.

(iii) A pass grade will be achieved by: passing the final exam with a mark of 50% or greater AND an overall mark of 50% and greater.

35

PHCY 263 PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACY PRACTICE Duration: Full year Points: 24

Paper Co-ordinator: Dr Susan Heydon

A. Prescription: An introduction to the New Zealand health system, the history of medicines and the pharmacy profession, communication issues and practice, literature searching, pharmacoepidemiology, drug evaluation, pharmacy law, healthcare ethics; and practical pharmacy dispensing.

B. Learning Aims and Objectives: The Pharmacy Practice components, which are provided over the three later years of Pharmacy in the Bachelor of Pharmacy degree programme, enable our students to develop all of the generic attributes expected of an Otago graduate. In second year, the teaching and assessment of this component fosters, in alphabetical order, communication, critical thinking, cultural understanding, ethics, information literacy, research and scholarship, self-motivation, teamwork and work-place related skills.

Specifically, these attributes are (and will be) fostered through a series of separate but interlinked modules: 1. General issues in healthcare, the New Zealand health system, and pharmaceutical policy. 2. The history of medicines and pharmacy – in different times and cultures, leading up to the history of the

pharmacy profession in New Zealand. 3. Communication – both general and pharmacy-related. 4. Literature searching. 5. Pharmacoepidemiology. 6. Drug information and evaluation. 7. Healthcare ethics. 8. Pharmacy law. 9. Pharmacy workplace skills, via practical dispensing classes and not less than 15 hours of experiential learning

obtained through observation and work in a community pharmacy.


Lectures 37 37 x 1 hr lectures (total includes the dispensing lectures) Laboratories 36 12 x 3 hr dispensing laboratories (fortnightly for 24 weeks)

Workshops 40.5 23 x 1.5 hr, 3 x 2 hr workshops (includes online StudySmart) Placement 15 On-site observation, annotating and practice

Subtotal 128.5

Non-Contact Hours (for average student) 171.5


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Note: Community Pharmacy Placement Two days to be spent in a community pharmacy, preferably outside Dunedin, completed before the second semester. Students must organise their own sites; further information about this will be provided in a placement briefing lecture. Students will observe, annotate and discuss various aspects of community pharmacy practice within the pharmacy. They will also need to observe communication issues – which will be used in discussions and role plays within the communication section of the course.

D. Assessment Procedures and Submission Dates: (i) In-course Assessment: contributes 70% to final grade

Type of Task No. of Tasks Percentage Contribution

to Final Grade Date

English Competency Test 1 Nil (competence only) T.B.A

StudySmart online module 1 Nil (competence only) T.B.A

Pharmacy Law Assessments 3 3% In workshops 09, 11 & 12

Pharmacy Law Test (50 minutes) 1 10% Thursday 21 May

Spoken Intelligibility Screening 1 Nil (terms only) TBA

Communication Skills Test 1 10% Tuesday 12 May

Placement Report 1 10% Thursday 9 July New Zealand Health System Group Assignment 1 7% In workshops 15 & 16

Communication Assignment (Placement reflection) 1 5% Tuesday 14 July

Pharmacoepidemiology Test 1 5% Wednesday 2 September

Healthcare Ethics Assignment 1 5% Friday 18 September

Pharmacy History Assignment 1 10% Tuesday 29 September

Dispensing Assessments 5 5% In laboratories 03, 05, 07, 10 & 11 (ii) Final Examination – written: contributes 30% to final grade

Content Duration Percentage Contribution to Final Grade

New Zealand Health System Medicines and Pharmacy History Dispensing Medicines Information: Interpreting Research Results

2 hr

15% 5% 5% 5%

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(iii) Final Examination – practical: contributes no marks but MUST be passed

Duration Content Percentage Contribution to Final Grade

3 hr Practical Dispensing Competency Required (iv) A pass grade will be achieved by:

Passing the English competency test. Passing the practical dispensing exam. Completion of the online StudySmart information skills module within the specified time (T.B.A) Satisfactory completion of the placement components of this paper. Passing the final exam with a mark of 50% or greater AND an overall mark of 50% or greater.

NOTE: Dispensing All Pharmacy students must note carefully the rules applied to conduct within the dispensing laboratory. (Please see the Dispensing Manual). Please note also the requirements for professional dress, with a clean dispensing jacket, within the dispensing laboratory (and during all placements).

Spoken Intelligibility Screening Information will be provided during the Communication module in Semester 1. StudySmart Information (including date for completion) will be provided during the Library lecture in Semester 1.

Documents

Pharmacy 2 Handbook - otago.ac.nz · Dr Shakila Rizwan Room 421, Fourth Floor, Adams Building Ph: 479-5410 Fax: 479-7034 Email: [email protected] Dr Allan Gamble Room 420,