Pharmacology

Vd is directly proportional to ECV and tissue binding but inversely proportional to plasma protein

binding (PPB). Therefore, the higher the Vd, the lower the PPB.

Drugs with zero order kinetics: phenytoin, ethanol, aspirin

Bioavailability

AUC – degree of drug absorption

Cholinergic receptors

Nicotinic receptors

Noradrenergic receptors

Skeletal muscle tremor due to beta 2 effect. Therefore, b2 antagonist would help remove the tremor.

i.e. Propanolol

For acute angle closure glaucoma: Pilocarpine

Contraindicated in acute angle closure glaucoma: Atropine

GI and bladder atony: Betanechol

"Sufficient quantity": qs

Rx - superscript

Direction to the pharmacist - subscript

Direction to the patient – transcription

Basis, adjuvant, corrective, vehicle – self explanatory

Anticholinergic of choice for asthma: Ipratropium bromide

Ipratropium bromide is usually given with: Salbutamol

Needs drug monitoring due to its narrow margin of safety: Theophylline

Long half-life of salmeterol is due to its: High lipophilicity

Patients are instructed to gargle after taking this drug (budesonide) to prevent: Oral candidiasis

Can be used with other drugs for helicobacter pylori infection: Bismuth sulcralfate

Anti-emetic for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: Ondansentron

Ulcer/ Zollinger-ellison/Gastroesophageal disease: Omeprazole

Acetazolamide – side effect: hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis; Indicated for glaucoma and acute

mountain sickness

Which diuretic is the best for calcium stones: Thiazides

Which diuretic is best for HPN: Thiazides

Which diuretic is best for heart failure: Loop diuretics

Most common indication for your carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: Glaucoma

What diuretic will cause stone formation: Loop diuretics

Aldosterone antagonist: Spironolactone

Most common site of digitalis toxicity: GIT

Inc Ca, dec K, dec Mg – risk factors for digitalis toxicity: Furosemide/ Amiodarone

MOA as a PDE inhibitor – Bipyridines (Milrinone/inamrinone)

Beta drugs with ISA - Labetalol

Highest probability of torsade de pointes: Class III

Not a prodrug for ACE inhibitors: Captopril

Block GPIIb/IIIa (i.e. Tirofiban, eptifibatide): Abciximab

Antihyperlipidemic that is a ligand of PPAR: Fibrates

Fibrates + statins are not recommended due to w/c side effect: Rhabdomyolysis

Which drug will inhibit the HMG-Coa reductase inhibitors: Statins

Anti-epileptic agent that produces paradoxical hyperactivity in children: Phenobarbital

Anti-epileptic used for SIADH: Carbamazepine

SSRI's, have delayed effect due to: Post receptor down regulation

Action is affected by kinetics at low and high dose: Phenytoin

Most potent psychopharmacologic, for schizophrenia: Haloperidol

Indicated for all types of seizures (grand mal, absence, myoclonic seizures): Valproic acid

Side effect of psychopharmacologic drugs: Motor dysfunction

Displaces phenytoin from CHON binding: Aspirin

Gabapentin

Anticonvulsant with bad effect to heart: Phenytoin?

Anticonvulsant best for acute epileptic attacks: Diazepam?

Antibiotic with the same spectrum of activity as aminoglycosides: Aztreonam

Antibiotic which has a decreased absorption in presence of food: Phenoxymethylpenicillin or penV

Antifungal that can safely cross BBB: Fluconazole

Antiviral drug that prevents uncoating of virus: Amantadine

Antiviral drug that prevents the release of virus: Oseltamivir

Antiviral drug that prevents penetration: Enfurvitide

Antiparasitic drug for amebic cyst passers but do not kill tissue trophozoites: Diloxanide furoate

Antiparasitic drug for tissue trophozoites but not amebic cysts: Metronidazole

Antimalaria drug for radical cure: Primaquine

Anti-TB drug that is used to reduce emergence of resistance: Ethambutol

Anti-TB drug for latent infection (boy, exposed to TB): Isoniazid 9mos.

Anti-TB drug that has a biphasic kinetics: Isoniazid

Anti-TB drug for slowly growing tubercle bacilli: Pyrazinamide

Anti-TB drug that can also be used in leprosy: Rifampicin

Drug for multibacillary leprosy: Clofazimine

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker whose metabolite laudanosine can induce seizures when it

gets accumulated and requires greater anesthetic concentration: Atracurium

Accumulation of O-toluidine metabolite: Prilocaine

Anesthetic drug that can cause cardiac toxicity: Halothane

Condition that is resistant to non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers: Severe burns

Steroid for salt-losing addison’s disease: Fludrocortisone

Least sedating 1st gen. H1 blocker: Chlorphenamine

Antithyroid drug for rapid improvement of symptoms in goiter: Iodide

Anti-thyroid for pregnant women: PTU

Anti-thyroid for compliance: Methimazole

SERM beneficial effect to bone but not to breast: Raloxifene

Anti-diabetic drug for obese patients with good renal function: Metformin

Anti-diabetic sulfonylurea drug good for elderly patients: Tolbutamide

Drug for prostate cancer: Flutamide

Vincristine (adverse effect): Neurotoxicity

Cyclophosphamide (adverse effect): Hemorrhagic cystitis

Cisplatin (adverse effect): Nephrotoxicity

Doxorubicin (adverse effect):

First sign of salicylate toxicity: Hyperventilation & respiratory alkalosis

Lead accumulates where in children: Bone marrow

Heparin (antidote): Protamine

Warfarin should not be used for pregnant women: Heparin more advisable

Breastfeeding women are more prone to pass on to their babies their drug intake when drug is taken:

before breastfeeding

Magnesium – Ma = madaming poopoo – se: diarrhea

Aluminum – Al = ala – wAlang poopoo – se: constipation

-tidine = h2 antagonist

            Cimetidine – enzyme inhibitor; hormonal adverse effects

            Famotidine – most potent

-azole = proton pump inhibitor

Dopamine – alpha 1, beta 1, dopamine receptors

At low doses – causes vasodilation

Disopyramide and flecainide, verapamil –  negative inotropic effect

Beta-blockers

Calcium Channel Blockers

Cephalosporins