Upload
others
View
2
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
154
7. References
Abdullah, N., Khan, A.D. and Ejaz, N. (2004). Influence of nutrients carbon and
nitrogen supplementation on biodegradation of wheat straw by Trametes
versicolor. Micologia Aplicada International 16: 7-12.
Adinarayana, K. and Ellaiah, P. (2002). Response surface optimization of the critical
medium components for the production of alkaline protease by a newly isolated
Bacillus sp. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 5: 272–276.
Agbagla-Dohnani, A., Nozie`Re, P., Gaillard-Martinie, B., Puard, M. and Doreau, M.
(2003). Effect of silica content on rice straw ruminal degradation. Journal of
Agricultural Science 140: 183–192.
Agosin, E., Jarpa, S., Rojas, E. and Espejo, E. (1989). Solid-state fermentation of pine
sawdust by selected brown-rot fungi. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 11: 511–
517.
Agosin, E., Monties, B. and Odier, E. (1985). Structural changes in wheat straw
components during decay by lignin-degrading white-rot fungi in relation to
improvement of digestibility for ruminants. Journal of Science of Food and
Agriculture 36: 925-935.
Akhtar, M., Scott, G.M., Swaney, R.E. and Kirk, T.K. (1998). Overview of
biomechanical and biochemical pulping research. ACS Symposium Series,
American Chemical Society.
Akhter, S., Owen, E., Theodorou, M.K., Butler, E.A. and Minson, D.J. (1999). Bovine
faeces as a source of micro-organisms for the in-vitro digestibility assay of
forages. Grass and Forage Sciences 54: 219- 226.
Akin, D.E., Sethuraman, A., Morrison, W.H., Martin, S.A. and Eriksson, K.E.L. (1993).
Microbial delignification with white-rot fungi improves forage digestibility.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59: 4274–4282.
Al-Ani F. and Smith J.E. (1986). Effect of different nitrogen supplementations on
fermentation of bagasse by Sporotrichum pulverulentum wild type and mutants.
Transactions of the British Mycological Society 86: 165-168.
Alder, E. (1977). Lignin chemistry, past, present and future. Wood Science and
Technology 11: 169–218.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
155
Alexandre, G. and Zhulin, I.B. (2000). Laccases are wide spread in bacteria. Trends in
Biotechnology 18: 41-42.
Ali, Q., Ahsan, M. and Waseem, M. (2011). World fodder and forage crops. Lambert
Academic Publishing ISBN 978-3-8443-8472-7.
Alves De Brito, C.G.F., Rodella, R.A. and Deschamps, F.C. (2003). Chemical profile of
cell wall and its implications on Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria humidicola
digestibility. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 32: 1835–1844.
Ander, P. and Eriksson, K.E. (1977). Selective degradation of wood components by
white-rot fungi. Physiologia Plantarum 41: 239-248.
Anderson, W.F. and Akin, D.E. (2008). Structural and chemical properties of grass
lignocelluloses related to conversion for biofuels. Journal of Industrial
Microbiology & Biotechnology 35: 355-366.
Antongiovanni M. and Sargentini C. (1991). Variability in chemical composition of
straws. Options Méditerranéennes-Séries Séminaires 16: 49–53.
Arantes, V., Milagres, A. M. F., Filley, T. R. and Goodell, B. (2010). Lignocellulosic
polysaccharides and lignin degradation by wood decay fungi: the relevance of
nonenzymatic Fenton-based reactions. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and
Biotechnology 38: 541-555.
Arora, D.S. and Gill, P.K. (2000). Laccase production by some white rot fungi under
different nutritional conditions. Bioresource Technology 73: 283-285.
Arora, D.S. and Gill, P.K. (2001). Comparison of two assay procedures for lignin
peroxidase. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 28: 603-605.
Arora, D.S. and Gill, P.K. (2005). Production of ligninolytic enzymes by Phlebia
floridensis. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 21: 1021-1028.
Arora, D.S. and Sandhu, D.K. (1986). Degradation of lignocellulosic residues by
Polyporus versicolor and the effect of moisture content and phenolic compounds.
Acta Biotechnologica 6: 293-297.
Arora, D.S. and Sharma, R.K. (2009). Comparative ligninolytic potential of Phlebia
species and their role in improvement of in vitro digestibility of wheat straw.
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 18:151–161.
Arora, D.S. and Sharma, R.K. (2010). Ligninolytic fungal laccases and their
biotechnological applications. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 160:
1760–1788.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
156
Arora, D.S., Chander, M. and Gill, P.K. (2002). Involvement of lignin peroxidase,
manganese peroxidase and laccase in degradation and selective ligninolysis of
wheat straw. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 50: 115-120.
Arora, D.S., Sharma, R.K. and Chandra, P. (2011). Biodelignification of wheat straw
and its effect on in vitro digestibility and antioxidant properties. International
Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 65: 352-358.
Aust, S.D. (1990). Degradation of environmental pollutants by Phanerochaete
chrysosporium. Microbial Ecology 20: 197–204.
Bailey, M.J., Biely, P. and Poutanen, K. (1992). Laboratory testing of methods of assay
of xylanase activity. Journal of Biotechnology 23: 257-270.
Bailoni, L., Bonsembiante, M., Schiavon, S., Pagnin, G. and Tagliapietra, F. (2003).
Estimation of the content of pectins in feeds: fractional extraction and quantitative
determination. Veterinary Research Communications 27: 249-251.
Bak, J.S., Ko, J.K., Choi, I.G., Park, Y.C., Seo, J.H. and Kim, K.H. (2009). Fungal
pretreatment of lignocellulose by Phanerochaete chrysosporium to produce
ethanol from rice straw. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 104: 471–482.
Banerjee, S., Azad, S.A., Vikineswary, S., Selvaraj, O.S. and Mukherjee, T.K. (2000)
Phototropic bacteria as fish feed supplement. Asian Australisn Journal of Animal
Science 13: 991–994.
Barahona, R., Lascano, C.E., Narvaez, N., Owen, E., Morris, P. and Theodorou, M.K.
(2003). In vitro degradability of mature and immature leaves of tropical forage
legumes differing in condensed tannin and non-starch polysaccharide content and
composition. Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture 83:1256–1266.
Basu, S., Gaur, R., Gomes, J., Sreekrishnan, T.R. and Bisaria, V.S. (2002). Effect of
seed culture on solid state bioconversion of wheat straw by Phanerochaete
chrysosporium for animal feed. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 93: 25-
30.
Beauchemin, K.A., Colombatto, D., Morgavi, D.P. and Yang, W.Z. (2003). Use of
exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to improve feed utilization by ruminants. Journal of
Animal Science 81: E37–E47.
Bellomo, G. (1991). Cell damage by oxygen free radicals. Cytotechnology 5: 71-73.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
157
Bertrand, I. Chabbert, B. Kurek, B. and Recous, S. (2006). Can the biochemical features
and histology of wheat residues explain their decomposition in soil? Plant and
Soil 281:291–307.
Betts, W.B., Dart, R.K., Ball. A.S. and Pedlar, S.L. (1991). Biosynthesis and structure
of lignocellulose. In: Biodegradation: Natural and Synthetic Materials, Betts, W.
B. (Ed) Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp 139–155.
Bisaria, R., Madan, M. and Vasudevan, P. (1997). Utilisation of agro-residues as animal
feed through bioconversion. Bioresource Technology 59: 5–8.
Blanchette, R.A. (1995). Biodeterioration of archaeological wood. Biodeterioration
Abstracts 92: 113–127.
Blanchette, R.A. (2000). A review of microbial deterioration found in archaeological
wood from different environments. International Biodeterioration &
Biodegradation 46: 189-204.
Bochek, A. M. (2003). Effect of hydrogen bonding on cellulose solubility in aqueous
and nonaqueous solvents. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 76: 1711-1719.
Box, G.E.P. and Behnken, D.W. (1960). Some new three level design for study of
quantitative variables. Technometrics 2: 455–475.
Boyley, C.D., Kropp, B.R. and Reid, I.D. (1992). Solubilization and mineralization of
lignin by white rot fungi. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58: 3217–
3224.
Breen, A. and Singleton, F.L. (1999). Fungi in lignocellulose breakdown and
biopulping. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 10: 252-258.
Brownell, H.H., Yu, E.K.C. and Saddler, J.N. (1986). Steam-explosion pretreatment of
wood: effect of chip size, acid, moisture content and pressure drop. Biotechnology
and Bioengineering 28: 792–801.
Burlat, V., Ambert, K., Ruel, K. and Joseleau, J.P. (1997). Relationship between the
nature of lignin and the morphology of degradation performed by white-rot fungi.
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 35: 645–654.
Buswell, J.A., Cai, Y. and Chang, S.T. (1995) Effect of nutrient and manganese
peroxidase and laccase production by Lentinula edodes. FEMS Microbiology
Letter 128: 81-88.
Cai, Y., Chapman, S.J., Buswell, J.A. and Chang, S.T. (1999). Production and
distribution of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and B-glucosidase components
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
158
of the cellulolytic system of Volvariella volvacea, the edible straw mushroom.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65: 553–559.
Capelari, M. and Zadrazil, F. (1997). Lignin degradation and in vitro digestibility of
wheat straw treated with Brazilian tropical species of white rot fungi. Folia
Microbiologica 42: 481-487.
Chakraborty, N., Sarkar, G.M. and Lahiri, S.C. (2002). Biomethanation of plant
materials and agricultural residues using dung samples as wild population of
microbes and also with isolated methanogens. The Environmentalist 22: 173–182.
Chalamcherla, V., Maringanti, S.A., Muvva, V.L., Mangamoori, L.N. and Ramireddy,
M.R. (2009). Use of lignocellulolytic mutants of Pleurotus ostreatus in ruminant
feed formulations. BioResources 4: 142-154.
Chander, M. and Arora, D.S. (2007). Evaluation of some white rot fungi for their
potential to decolourise industrial dyes. Dyes Pigments 72: 192-198.
Chefetz, B., Kerem, Z., Chen, Y. and Hadar, Y. (1998). Isolation and partial
characterization of laccase from a thermophilic composted municipal solid waste.
Soil Biology & Biochemistry 30: 1091-1098.
Chen, G.C. and Johnson, B.R. (1983). Improved colorimetric determination of cell wall
chitin in wood decay fungi. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 46: 13-16.
Chen, J., Fales, S.L., Varga, G.A. and Royse, D.J. (1995). Biodegradation of cell wall
components of maize stover colonized by white-rot fungi and resulting impact on
in-vitro digestibility. Journal of Science of Food Agriculture 68: 91–98.
Chen, J., Fales, S.L., Varga, G.A. and Royse, D.J. (1996). Biodegradability of free
monomeric and cell-wall-bound phenolic acids in maize stover by two strains of
white-rot fungi. Journal of Science of Food Agriculture 71: 145–150.
Cherney, J.H., Cherney, D.J.R. and Casler, M.D. (2003). Low intensity harvest
management of reed canary grass. Agronomy Journal 95: 627–634.
Chew, B.P. (1995). Antioxidant vitamins affect food animal immunity and health.
Journal of Nutrition 125: 1804s-1808s.
Christiernin, M. (2006). Lignin composition in cambial tissues of poplar. Plant
Physiology and Biochemistry 44: 700-706.
Ciapetti, G., Cenni, E., Pratelli, L. and Pizzoferrato, A. (1993). In vitro evaluation of
cell/biomaterial interaction by MTT assay. Biomaterials 14: 359-64.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
159
Ciegler, A. and Bennett, J.W. (1980). Mycotoxins and Mycotoxicoses. BioScience 30:
512-515.
Cohen, R., Persky, L. and Hadar, Y. (2002). Biotechnological applications and potential
of wood degrading mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus. Applied Microbiology and
Biotechnology 58: 582–594.
Colberg, P.J. (1988). Anaerobic microbial degradation of cellulose, lignin, oligolignols,
and monoaromatic lignin derivatives. In: A.J.B. Zehnder (Ed) Biology of
Anaerobic Microorganisms. John Wiley & Sons, New York USA, pp 333–372.
Commanday, F. and Macy, J.M. (1985). Effect of substrate nitrogen on lignin
degradation by Pleurotus ostreatus. Archives of Microbiology 142: 61-65.
Cowling, E.B. (1961). Comparative biochemistry of the decay of sweetgum sapwood by
white-rot and brown-rot fungi. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Technical bulletin
no 1258.
Cullen, D. and Kersten, P. (1992). Fungal enzymes for lignocellulose degradation. In:
Applied molecular genetics of filamentous fungi. Kinghorn, J.R.; Turner, G. (Eds)
New York: Chapman & Hall. Chapter 4 pp 100-131.
Cullen, D. and Kersten, P.J. (2004) Enzymology and molecular biology of lignin
degradtion. In: Brambl, R.; Marzluf, G.A. (Eds), The Mycota III; Biochemistry
and molecular biology, 2nd edition. Berlin-Heidelberg. Berlin-Heidelberg:
Springer- Verlag. 13: 249-273.
Cullen, D. and Kersten, P.J. (2004). Enzymology and molecular biology of lignin
degradation. In: The Mycota: Biochemistry and molecular biology. R. Brambl,
G.A. Marzluf (Eds) Springer pp 251.
Czerkowski, J.W. (1986). An introduction to rumen studies. Pergamon Press, Oxford,
UK, pp 9–10.
D’souza, T.M., Boominathan, K. and Reddy, C.A. (1996). Isolation of laccase gene-
specific sequences from white rot and brown rot fungi by PCR. Applied and
Environmental Microbiology 62: 3739–3744.
Daniel, G. and Nilsson, T. (1998). Developments in the study of soft rot and bacterial
decay. In: Forest Products Biotechnology, A. Bruce, J.W. Palfreyman, (Eds),
Taylor & Francis, London.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
160
Dashtban, M., Schraft, H. and Qin, W. (2009). Fungal bioconversion of lignocellulosic
residues; opportunities and perspectives. International Journal of Biological
Sciences 5: 578–595.
Datta, R. (1981). Acidogenic fermentation of lignocellulose - acid yield and conversion
of components. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23: 2167-2170.
Deng, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y. and Ma, R. (2007). The enhancement of ammonia
pretreatment on the fermentation of rice straw hydrolysate to xylitol. Journal of
Food Biochemistry 31: 195–205.
Deobald, L.A. and Crawford, D.L. (1997). Lignocellulose biodegradation. In: Manual of
Environmental Microbiology (Eds) C. J. Hurst, G. R. Knudsen, L. D. Stetzenbach
and M.V. Walter ASM Press, Washington DC, USA, pp 730–737.
Deshpande, P., Nair, S. and Khedkar, S. (2009). Water hyacinth as carbon source for the
production of cellulase by Trichoderma reesei. Applied Biochemistry and
Biotechnology 158: 552-560.
Dhanoa, M.S., France, J., Crompton, L.A., Mauricio, R.M., Kebreab, E., Mills, J.A.N.,
Sanderson, R., Dijkstra, J. and Lo´pez, S. (2004). Technical note: A proposed
method to determine the extent of degradation of a feed in the rumen from the
degradation profile obtained with the in vitro gas production technique using feces
as the inoculum. Journal of Animal Science 82: 733–746.
Dhanoa, M.S., France, J., Crompton, L.A., Mauricio, R.M., Kebreab, E., Mills, J.A.N.,
Sanderson, R., Dijkstra, J. and Lo´pez, S. (2004). Technical note: A proposed
method to determine the extent of degradation of a feed in the rumen from the
degradation profile obtained with the in vitro gas production technique using feces
as the inoculum. Journal of Animal Science 82: 733–746.
Di Luccio, M., Capra, F., Ribeiro, N.P., Vargas, G.D.L.P., Freire, D.M.G. and Oliveira,
D. (2004). Effect of temperature, moisture, and carbon supplementation on lipase
production by solid state fermentation of soy cake by Penicillium simplicissimum.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 113: 173–80.
Dill, I. and Kraepelin, G. (1986). Palo Podrido: Model for extensive delignification of
wood by Ganoderma applanatum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 52:
1305-1312.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
161
Dorado, J., Almendros, G., Camarero, S., Mart, A.T. and Vares, T. (1999).
Transformation of wheat straw in the course of solid-state fermentation by four
ligninolytic basidiomycetes. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 25: 605- 612.
Durot, N., Gaudard, F. and Kurek, B. (2003). The unmasking of lignin structures in
wheat straw by alkali. Phytochemistry 63: 617-623.
Eduardo, V., Sergio, L. and Roberto, G. (2001). Seasonal variation and enzymatic
potential of microfungi associated with the decomposition of Nothofagus pumilio
leaf litter. Revista Chilena De Historia Natural 74: 737-749.
Egland, P.G., Pelletier, D.A., Dispensa, M., Gibson, J. and Harwood, C.S. (1997). A
cluster of bacterial genes for anaerobic benzene ring biodegradation. Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences USA 94: 6484–6489.
El Shaer, H.M., Omed, H.M., Chamberlain, A.G. and Axford, R.F.E. (1987). Use of
faecal organisms from sheep for the in vitro determination of digestibility. Journal
of Agricultural Science 109: 257-259.
Elder, D.J. and Kelly, D.J. (1994). The bacterial degradation of benzoic acid and
benzenoid compounds under anaerobic conditions: Unifying trends and new
perspectives. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 13: 441–468.
Elisashvili, V., Penninckx, M., Kachlishvili, E., Tsiklauri, N., Metreveli, E., Kharziani,
T. and Kvesitadze, G. (2008). Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus species
lignocellulolytic enzymes activity in submerged and solid state fermentation of
lignocellulosic wastes of different composition. Bioresource Technology 99: 457–
462.
Eriksson, K.E., Blanchette, R.A. and Ander, P. (1990). Microbial and enzymatic
degradation of wood and wood components, Springer, Berlin, Germany.
Espindola, M.S., DePeters, E.J., Fadel, J.G., Zinn, R.A. and Perez-Monti, H. (1997).
Effects on nutrient digestion of wheat processing and method of tallow addition to
the diets of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 80: 1160-1171.
Evans, C.S., Dutton, M.V., Guille´n, F. and Veness, R.G. (1994). Enzymes and small
molecular mass agents involved with lignocellulose degradation. FEMS
Microbiology Reviews 13: 235–240.
Fan, L.T., Lee, Y. and Gharpuray, M.M. (1982). The nature of lignocellulosics and their
pretreatments for enzymatic hydrolysis. Advances in Biochemical Engineering 23:
157 187.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
162
Fazaeli, H. (2007). Nutritive value index of treated wheat straw with Pleurotus fungi.
Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 23: 169–180.
Fengel, D. and Wegener, G. (1989). Wood – Chemistry, Ultrastructure, Reactions.
Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York.
Ferraz, A., Córdova, A.M., Machuca, A. (2003). Wood biodegradation and enzyme
production by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora during solid-state fermentation of
Eucalyptus grandis. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 32: 59–65.
Fonnesbeck, P.V. (1981). Estimating digestible energy and TDN for horses with
chemical analysis of feeds. Journal of Animal Science 53: 241–242.
Fonnesbeck, P.V., Christiansen, M.L. and Harris, L.E. (1981). Linear models for
calculating digestible energy for sheep diets. Journal of Animal Science 52: 1183-
1196.
Fonseca, A.J.M., Dias-da-Silava, A.A. and Laurenco, A.L.G. (2001) Effect of maize
and citrus pulp supplementation of ureatreated wheat straw on intake and
productivity in female lambs. Journal of Animal Science 73:123-136.
Ford, C.W., Morrison, I.M. and Wilson, J.R. (1979). Temperature effects on lignin,
hemicellulose and cellulose in tropical and temperate grasses. Australian Journal
of Agricultural Research 30: 621–633.
Frei, M., Kohno, Y., Wissuwa, M., Makkar, H.P.S. and Becker, K. (2011). Negative
effects of tropospheric ozone on the feed value of rice straw are mitigated by an
ozone tolerance QTL. Global Change Biology 17: 2319–2329.
Friedman, M. (2004). Applications of the ninhydrin reaction for analysis of amino acids,
peptides, and proteins to agricultural and biomedical sciences. Journal of
Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52: 385–406.
Fritz, J.O., Moore, K.J. and Jaster, E.H. (1990). Digestion kinetics and cell wall
composition of Brown Midrib Sorghum×Sudan grass morphological components.
Crop Science 30: 213–219.
Frutos, P., Torrado, S., Perez-Lorenzo, M.E. and Frutos, G. (2000). A validated
quantitative colorimetric assay for gentamicin. Journal of Pharmaceutical and
Biomedical Analysis 21: 1149–1159.
Fu, S.Y., Yu, H. and Buswell, J. A. (1997). Effect of nutrient nitrogen and manganese
on manganese peroxidase and laccase production by Pleurotus sajor-caju. FEMS
Microbiology Letters 147: 133-137.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
163
Gao, D., Du, L., Yang, J., Wu, W.M. and Liang H. (2010). A critical review of the
application of white rot fungus to environmental pollution control. Critical
Reviews in Biotechnology, 30: 70–77.
Garcia, A., Thiex, N., Kalscheur, K. and Tjardes, K. (2003). Interpreting hay & haylage
analysis. Dairy Science ExEx4002 (rev).
Gilbert, C. and Slavik, M. (2004). Determination of toxicity of Campylobacter jejuni
isolated from humans and from poultry carcasses acquired at various stages of
production. Journal of Applied Microbiology 97: 347–353.
Gilbertson, R.L. (1980). Wood-rotting fungi of North America. Mycologia 72: 1–49.
Gill, M.S., Pal, S.S. and Ahlawat, I.P.S. (2008). Approaches for sustainability of rice
(Oryza sativa)–wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system in Indo-Gangetic
plains of India—a review. Indian Journal of Agronomy 53: 81–96.
Glenn, J.K., Akileswaran, L. and Gold, M.H. (1986). Mn(II) oxidation is the principal
function of the extracellular Mn-peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 251: 688-696.
Goering, H.K. and Van Soest, P.J. (1970). Forage fiber analysis, Agriculture handbook
379, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.
Gold, M.H. and Alic, M. (1993). Molecular biology of the lignin degrading
basidiomycetes Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Microbiological Reviews. 57:605-
622.
Goodell, B. (2003). Brown-rot fungal degradation of wood: our evolving view. In:
Wood deterioration and preservation. B. Goodell, D.D. Nicholas, T.P. Schultz
(eds). ACS Symposium series 845, Washington DC, pp 97–118.
Grabber, J.H. (2005). How do lignin composition, structure, and cross-linking affect
degradability? A review of cell wall model studies. Crop Science 45: 820-831.
Granzin, B.C. and McL Dryden, G. (2003). Effects of alkalis, oxidants and urea on the
nutritive value of rhodes grass (Chloris gayana cv. Callide). Animal Feed Science
and Technology 103: 113–122.
Hastrup, A.C.S., Howell, C., Jensen, B. and Green F.III (2011). Non-enzymatic
depolymerization of cotton cellulose by fungal mimicking metabolites.
International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 65: 553-559.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
164
Hatakka, A. (1994). Lignin-modifying enzymes from selected white-rot fungi:
production and role from in lignin degradation. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 13:
125-135.
Hatakka, A. (2001). Biodegradation of lignin: In: Lignin humic substances and coal.
Wiley-VCH, pp 129–145.
Hatakka, A. and Hammel, K.E. (2010). Fungal degradation of lignocellulose. In: The
Mycota, Industrial applications . K. Esser, M. Hofrichte (eds), Springer, pp 320-
321.
Hatvani, N., Kesseruˆ, P. and Me´cs, I. (2003). Effects of different inorganic salts and
organic nutrient components on the growth of Lentinula edodes (Shiitake)
mycelium on solid medium. Journal of Science of Food Agriculture 83:1439–
1444.
Heider, J. and Fuchs, G. (1996). Anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds.
European Journal of Biochemistry 243: 577–596.
Hendriks, A.T.W.M. and Zeeman, G. (2009). Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility
of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresource Technology 100: 10–18.
Highley, T.L. and Illman, B.L. (1991). Progress in understanding how brown-rot fungi
degrade cellulose. Biodeterioration Abstracts 5: 231–244.
Hofrichter, M. (2002). Review: lignin conversion by manganese peroxidase (MnP).
Enzyme and Microbial Technology 30: 454–466.
Hölker, U. and Lenz, J. (2005). Solid-state fermentation: are there any biotechnological
advantages? Current Opinion in Microbiology 8: 301–306.
Hongzhang, C. and Liying, L. (2007). Unpolluted fractionation of wheat straw by
steam explosion and ethanol extraction. Bioresource Technology 98: 66-76.
http://www.ccrc.uga.edu/~mao/intro/ouline.htm (Complex Carbohydrate Research
Centre, The University of Georgia) downloaded on 28/01/2011.
Hurst, P.L., Sinclair, B.K. and Eason, J.R. (1995). Amino acids interfere with the
ninhydrin assay for asparagines. Food Chemistry 53: 467–469.
Isroi, Millati, R., Syamsiah, S., Niklasson, C., Cahyanto, M.N., Lundquist, K. and
Taherzadeh, M.J. (2011). Biological pretreatment of lignocelluloses with white rot
fungi and its applications: A review. BioResources 6:
Jalč, D., Nerud, F. and Siroka, P. (1998). The effectiveness of biological treatment of
wheat straw by white-rot fungi. Folia Microbiologica 43: 687-689.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
165
Javor, T., Buchberger, W. and Faix, O (2003) Capillary electrophoretic determination of
lignin degradation. products obtained by permanganate oxidation. Analytica
Chimica Acta 484: 181–187.
Jeya, M., Zhang, Y.W., Kim, I.W. and Lee, J.K. (2009). Enhanced saccharification of
alkali-treated rice straw by cellulase from Trametes hirsuta and statistical
optimization of hydrolysis conditions by RSM. Bioresource Technology 100:
5155-5161.
Jin, L., Sellers, Jr.T., Schultz, T.P. and Nicholas, D.D. (1990). Utilization of lignin
modified by brown-rot fungi. I. properties of flakeboard produced with a brown-
rotted lignin modified phenolic adhesive. Holzforschung 44: 207–210.
Jin, S. and Chen, H. (2006). Structural properties and enzymatic hydrolysis of rice
straw. Process Biochemistry 41: 1261-1264.
Jones, D.I.H. and Hayward, M.V. (1973). A cellulase digestion technique for predicting
the dry matter digestibility of grasses. Journal of the Science of Food and
Agriculture 24: 1419-1426.
Jung, H.G., Valdez, F.R.J., Abad, A.R., Blanchette, R.A. and Hatfield, R.D. (1992).
Effect of white rot basidiomycetes on chemical composition and in vitro
digestibility of oat straw and alfalfa stems. Journal of Animal Science 70:1928-
1935.
Jung, H.J.G. (1997). Analysis of forage fiber and cell walls in ruminant nutrition.
Journal of Nutrition 127: 810S-813S.
Kachlishvili, E. Penninckx, M.J. Tsiklauri N. and Elisashvili V. (2005). Effect of
nitrogen source on lignocellulolytic enzyme production by white-rot
basidiomycetes under solid-state cultivation. World Journal of Microbiology and
Biotechnology 22: 391-397.
Kamra, D.N. and Zadrazˇil, F. (1988). Microbiological improvement of lignocellulosics
in animal feed production: a review. In: Treatment of lignocellulosics with white-
rot fungi, F. Zadrazˇil and P. Reiniger (Eds.) Elsevier, Essex, UK, pp 56–63.
Kapoor, R.K., Sharma, K.K., Kuhar, S. and Kuhad, R.C. (2005). Diversity of lignin
degrading microorganisms, ligninolytic enzymes and their biotechnological
applications. In: Microbial diversity: Current perspectives and potential
applications. Eds. T. Satyanarayana and B. N. Johri, I. K. International Pvt Ltd, pp
815-846.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
166
Kerem, Z. and Hadar, Y. (1993). Chemically defined solid-state fermentation of
Pleurotus ostreatus. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 15: 785-790.
Kerem, Z., Friesen, D. and Hadar, Y. (1992). Lignocellulose degradation during solid
state fermentation: Pleurotus ostreatus verses Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58, 1121–1127.
Kirk, T.K. (1975). Chemistry of lignin degradation by wood-destroying fungi. In:
Biological transformation of wood by microorganisms, W. Liese (Ed.) Springer.
Kirk, T.K. and Cullen, D. (1998). Enzymology and molecular genetics of wood
degradation by white rot fungi. In : Environmentally friendly technologies for the
pulp and paper industry, R.A. Young and M. Akhtar (Eds), John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., pp 273-307.
Kirk, T.K. and Farrell, R.L. (1987). Enzymatic ‘‘combustion’’: the microbial
degradation of lignin. Annual Review of Microbiology 41: 465–505.
Kishi, K., Wariishi, H., Marquez, L., Dunford, H.B. and Gold, M.H. (1994). Mechanism
of manganese peroxidase compound II reduction: Effect of organic acid chelators
and pH. Biochemistry 33: 8694–8701.
Ko, J.J., Shimizu, Y., Ikeda, K., Kim, S.K., Park, C.H. and Matsui S. (2009).
Biodegradation of high molecular weight lignin under sulfate reducing conditions:
Lignin degradability and degradation by-products. Bioresource Technology 100:
1622–1627.
Kurek, B. and Odier, E. (1990). Influence of lignin peroxidase concentration and
localisation in lignin biodegradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Applied
Microbiology and Biotechnology 34: 264-269.
Laine, C. (2005). Structures of hemicelluloses and pectins in wood and pulp. Chemical
Technology. Dissertation, The Aalto University Library, Otaniemi
Lam, T.B.T., Kadoya, K. and Iiyama, K. (2001). Bonding of hydroxycinnamic acids to
lignin: ferulic and p-coumaric acids are predominantly linked at the benzyl
position of lignin, not the b-position, in grass cell walls. Phytochemistry 57: 987-
992.
Lateef, A., Oloke, J.K., Kana, G.E.B., Oyeniyi, S.O., Onifade, O.R., Oyeleye, A.O.,
Oladosu, O.C. and Oyelami, A.O. (2008). Improving the quality of agro-wastes by
solid state fermentation: enhanced antioxidant activities and nutritional qualities.
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 24: 2369–2374.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
167
Lee, J.W., Kim, H.Y., Koo, B.W., Choi, D.H., Kwon, M. and Choi, I.G. (2008).
Enzymatic saccharification of biologically pretreated Pinus densiflora using
enzymes from brown rot fungi. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 106:
162–167.
Lena, G.Di, Patroni, E. and Quaglia, G.B. (1997). Improving the nutritional value of
wheat bran by a white-rot fungus. International Journal of Food Science and
Technology 32: 513-519.
Levin, L., Herrmann, C. and Papinutti, V. (2008). Optimization of lignocellulolytic
enzyme production by the white-rot fungus Trametes trogii in solid-state
fermentation using response surface methodology. Biochemical Engineering
Journal 39: 207–214.
Lonsane, B.K., Saucedo-Castaneda, G., Raimbault, M., Roussos, S., Viniegra-Gonzalez,
G., Ghildyal, N.P., Ramakrishna, M. and Krishnaiah, M.M. (1992). Scale-up
strategies for solid state fermentation systems. Process Biochemistry 27: 259–273.
Malherbe, S. and Cloete, T.E. (2002). Lignocellulose biodegradation: fundamentals and
applications. Re/Views in Environmental Science & Bio/Technology 1:105-114.
Maman, O., Marseille, F., Guillet, B. and Disnar, J.R., Morin, P. (1996). Separation of
phenolic aldehydes, ketones and acids from lignin degradation by capillary zone
electrophoresis. Journal of Chromatography 755: 89-97.
Mandebvu, P., West, J.W., Froetschel, M.A., Hatfield, R.D., Gates, R.N. and Hill, G.M.
(1999). Effect of enzyme or microbial treatment of bermudagrass forages before
ensiling on cell wall composition, end products of silage fermentation and in situ
digestion kinetics. Animal Feed Science and Technology 77: 317–329.
Maron, D. and Ames, B. (1983). Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test.
Mutation Research 113: 173-215.
Martínez, Á.T., Speranza, M., Dueñas, F.J.R., Ferreira, P., Camarero, S., Guillén, F.,
Martínez, M.J., Gutiérrez, A. and Río, J.C. (2005). Biodegradation of
lignocellulosics: Microbial, chemical, and enzymatic aspects of the fungal attack
of lignin. International Microbiology 8: 195–204.
Martínez, A.T. , Camarero, S. , Guillén, F. , Gutiérrez, A. , Muñoz, C. , Varela, E.,
Martínez, M.J. , Barrasa, J.M. , Ruel, K. and Pelayo, J.M. (1994). Progress in
biopulping of non-woody materials: Chemical, enzymatic and ultrastructural
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
168
aspects of wheat straw delignification with ligninolytic fungi from the genus
Pleurotus. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 13: 265-273.
Martins, S., Mussatto, S. I., Martínez-Avila, G., Montañez-Saenz, J., Aguilar, C. N. and
Teixeira, J. A. (2011). Bioactive phenolic compounds: Production and extraction
by solid-state fermentation: A review. Biotechnology Advances 29: 365–373.
McCarthy, A.J. (1987). Lignocellulose-degrading actinomycetes. FEMS Microbiology
Reviews 46: 145–163.
Migwi, P.K., Godwin, I., Nolan, J.V. and Kahn, L.P. (2011). The effect of energy
supplementation on intake and utilisation efficiency of urea-treated low-quality
roughage in sheep I. Rumen digestion and feed intake. Asian-Australian Journal
of Animal Science 24: 623 – 635.
Mikiashvili, N., Wasser, S.P., Nevo, E. and Elisashvili, V. (2006). Effects of carbon and
nitrogen sources on Pleurotus ostreatus ligninolytic enzyme activity. World
Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology 22: 999–1002.
Miller, G.L. (1959). Use of dinitrossalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing
sugars. Analytical Chemistry 31: 426-428.
Minson, D.J. (1982). Effect of chemical composition on feed digestibility and
metabolizable energy. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews. Series B, 52: 592 - 615.
Minson, D.J. (1990). Forage in ruminant nutrition. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. pp.
129 - 130.
Moore, K. J. and Hatfield, R. D. (1994). Carbohydrates and forage quality. In: Forage
quality, evaluation, and utilization, Fahey, G. C., Jr., Collins, M. C., Mertens,
D. R. and Moser, L. E., (Eds) ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 229–280.
Moore, S. and Stein, W.H. (1948). Photometric ninhydrin method for use in the
chromatography of amino acids. Journal of Biological Chemistry 176: 367–388.
Morozova, O.V., Shumakovich, G.P., Gorbacheva, M.A., Shleev, S.V. and Yaropolov
A.I. (2007). “Blue” Laccases. Biochemistry (Moscocw), 72: 1136-1150.
Mortelmans, K. and Zeiger, E. (2000). The Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity
assay. Mutation Research 455: 29-60.
Mosier, N.S., Wyman, C., Dale, B., Elander, R., Lee, Y.Y., Holtzapple, M. and Ladisch,
M. (2005). Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic
biomass. Bioresource Technology 96: 673 686.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
169
Mosmann, T. (1983). Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival:
application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of Immunologic
Methods 65: 55–63.
Murata, M., Sugiura, M., Sonokawa, Y., Shimamura, T. and Homma, S. (2002).
Properties of chlorogenic acid quinone: relationship between browning and
formation of hydrogen peroxide from a quinone solution. Bioscience
Biotechnology Biochemistry 66: 2525-2530.
Nagarajan, S. (2005). Can India produce enough wheat even by 2020? Current Science
89: 1467-1471.
Niemenmaa, O., Uusi-Rauva, A. and Hatakka A. (2008). Demethoxylation of
[O14CH3]-labelled lignin model compounds by the brown-rot fungi
Gloeophyllum trabeum and Poria (Postia) placenta. Biodegradation 19: 555–565.
Nigam, P.S., Gupta, N. and Anthwal, A. (2009). Pre-treatment of agro-industrial
residues. In: Biotechnology for agro-industrial residues utilization, P.S. Nigam
and A. Pandey (Eds), first ed. Springer, Netherlands, pp 13–33.
Niladevi, K.N. (2009). Ligninolytic enzymes. In: Biotechnology for Agro-Industrial
Residues Utilisation (Eds.) P. S. Nigam, A. Pandey, Springer, chapter 22, pp 398-
410.
Nilsson, T., Daniel, G., Kirk, T.K. and Obst, J.R. (1989). Chemistry and microscopy of
wood decay by some higher ascomycetes. Holzforschung 43: 11-18.
Nilsson, T., Daniel, G., Kirk, T.K. and Obst, J.R. (1989). Chemistry and microscopy of
wood decay by some higher ascomycetes. Holzforschung 43: 11–18.
Nilsson, T., Daniel, G., Kirkk, T. K. and Obst, J.R. (1989). Chemistry and microscopy
of wood decay by some higher ascomycetes. Holzforschung 43: 11–18.
Nordblom, T.L. (1988). The importance of crop residues as feed resources in West Asia
and North Africa. In: Proceedings of plant breeding and the nutritive value of crop
residues, Reed, J.D., Capper, B.S. and Neate, P.J.H. (Eds), International Livestock
Centre for Africa (ILCA), Addis Ababa, pp 41–61.
Okano, K., Iida, Y., Samurai, M., Prasetya, B., Usagawa, T. and Watanabe, T. (2006).
Comparison of in vitro digestibility and chemical composition among sugarcane
bagasses treated by four white rot fungi. Animal Science Journal 77: 308–313.
Otjen, L., and Blanchette, R. (1987). Assessment of 30 white rot basidiomycetes for
selective lignin degradation. Holzforschung 41: 343-349.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
170
Ouédraogo-Koné, S., Kaboré-Zoungrana, C.Y. and Ledin, I. (2008). Intake and
digestibility in sheep and chemical composition during different seasons of some
West African browse species. Tropical Animal Health and Production 40: 155-
164.
Pan, X., Kadla, J.F., Ehara, K., Gilkes, N. and Saddler, J.N. (2006). Organosolv ethanol
lignin from hybrid poplar as a radical scavenger: relationship between lignin
structure, extraction conditions, and antioxidant activity. Journal of Agriculture
and Food Chemistry 54: 5806-5813.
Panasiuk, R., Amarowicz, R., Kostyra, H. and Sijtsma, L. (1998). Determination of α-
amino nitrogen in pea protein hydrolysates: a comparison of three analytical
methods. Food Chemistry 62: 363–367.
Pandey, A. (2003). Solid state fermentation. Biochemical Engineering Journal 13: 81–
84.
Papatheofanous, M.G., Billa, E., Koullas, D.P., Monties, B. and Koukios, E.G. (1998).
Optimizing multisteps mechanical-chemical fractionation of wheat straw
components. Industrial Crops and Products 7: 249-256.
Papinutti, V.L. and Forchiassin, F. (2007). Lignocellulolytic enzymes from Fomes
sclerodermeus growing in solid-state fermentation. Journal of Food Engineering
81: 54-59.
Parimala, V., Krishnani, K.K., Gupta, B.P., Ragunathan, R., Pillai, S.M. and
Ravichandran, P. (2007). Removal of ammonia and nitrite from coastal water
using low-cost agricultural waste. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 78: 288–293.
Pérez, J., Muñoz-Dorado, J., de la Rubia, T. and Martínez, J. (2002). Biodegradation
and biological treatments of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin: an overview.
International Microbiology 5:53-63.
Pouteau, C., Dole, P., Cathala, B., Averous, L. and Boquillon, N. (2003). Antioxidant
properties of lignin in polypropylene. Polymer Degradation and Stability 81: 9 -
18.
Råberg, U., Terziev, N. and Land, C.J. (2009). Early soft rot colonization of Scots
sapwood pine in above-ground exposure. International Biodeterioration and
Biodegradation 63: 236–240.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
171
Rabinovich, M.L., Bolobova, A.V. and Vasil'chenko, L.G. (2004). Fungal
decomposition of natural aromatic structures and xenobiotics: A review. Applied
Biochemistry and Microbiology 40: 1–17.
Reddy, C.A. and Mathew, Z. (2001). Bioremediation potential of white rot fungi. In:
Fungi in Bioremediation. G.M. Gadd (Ed), Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, UK.
Reid, I.D. (1983). Effects of nitrogen sources on cellulose and synthetic lignin
degradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Applied and Environmental
Microbiology 45: 838-842.
Rismani-Yazdi, H. (2008). Bioconversion of cellulose into electrical energy in
microbial fuel cells. Ph. D. Thesis, The Ohio State University.
Ritter, S. K. (2008). Lignocellulose: A complex biomaterial. Plant Biochemistry 86: 15.
Riva, S. (2006). Laccases: blue enzymes for green chemistry. Trends in Biotechnology
24: 219-226.
Roche, N., Venague, A., Desgranges, C. and Durand, A. (1993). Use of chitin
measurement to estimate fungal biomass in solid state fermentation.
Biotechnology Advances 11: 677-683.
Rodgers, C.J., Blanford, C.F., Giddens, S.R., Skamnioti, P., Armstrong, F.A. and Gurr,
S.J. (2010). Designer laccases: a vogue for high-potential fungal enzymes? Trends
in Biotechnology 28: 63-72.
Roeder, R.A. (1995). Beyond deficiency: New views of vitamins in ruminant nutrition
and health: an overview. Journal of Nutrition 125: 1790S -1791S.
Rolz, C., De Leon, R., De Arriola, M.C. and De Cabrera, S. (1986). Biodelignification
of lemon grass and citronella bagasse by white rot fungi. Applied and
Environmental Microbiology 52: 607–611.
Rotz, C. A. (2004). Management to reduce nitrogen losses in animal production.
Journal of Animal Science 82: E119-E137.
Saha, B.C., Iten, L.B., Cotta, M.A. and Wu, Y.V. (2005). Dilute acid pretreatment,
enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of wheat straw to ethanol. Process
Biochemistry 40: 3693–3700.
Sánchez, C. (2009). Lignocellulosic residues: Biodegradation and bioconversion by
fungi. Biotechnology Advances 27: 185–194.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
172
Sangnark, A. and Noomhorm, A. (2004). Chemical, physical and baking properties of
dietary fiber prepared from rice straw. Food Research International 37: 66-74.
Sarnklong, C., Cone, J.W., Pellikaan, W. and Hendriks, W.H. (2010). Utilization of rice
straw and different treatments to improve its feed value for ruminants: A Review.
Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 23: 680 – 692.
Sgouras, D. and Duncan, R. (1990). Methods for the evaluation of biocompatibility of
soluble synthetic polymers which have potential for biomedical use: 1—Use of
the tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT) as a preliminary screen for
evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity. Journal of Material Science: Materials in
Medicine 1:61–68.
Sharma K. K., Shrivastava B., Nandal P., Sehgal N., Sastry V.R.B., Kalra, A., Kuhad
R.C. (2011). Nutritional and toxicological assessment of white rot fermented
animal feed. Indian Journal of Microbiology DOI 10.1007/s12088-011-0222-2
Sharma, P. and Gujral, H.S. (2010). Milling behavior of hulled barley and its thermal
and pasting properties. Journal of Food Engineering 97: 329–334.
Sharma, R.K. and Arora, D.S. (2010). Changes in biochemical constituents of paddy
straw during degradation by white rot fungi and its impact on in vitro digestibility.
Journal of Applied Microbiology 109: 679–686.
Shary, S., Sally, A., Ralph, and Hammel K.E. (2007). New insights into the ligninolytic
capability of a wood decay Ascomycete. Applied and Environmental
Microbiology 73: 6691–6694.
Shen, H.Sh., Ni, D.B. and Sundstøl, F. (1998). Studies on untreated and urea-treated rice
straw from three cultivation seasons: 1. Physical and chemical measurements in
straw and straw fractions. Animal Feed Science and Technology 73: 243-261.
Shimada, M., Akamatsu, Y., Tokimatsu, T., Mii, K. and Hattori, T. (1997). Possible
biochemical roles of oxalic acid as a low molecular weight compound involved in
brown-rot and white-rot wood decays. Journal of Biotechnology 53:103–113.
Shrestha, P., Rasmussen, M., Khanal, S.K., Pometto, III A.L. and Van Leeuwen, J.H.
(2008). Solid-substrate fermentation of corn fiber by Phanerochaete
chrysosporium and subsequent fermentation of hydrolysate into ethanol. Journal
of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 56: 3918–3924.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
173
Shrivastava, B., Thakur, S., Khasa, Y.P., Gupte, A., Puniya, A.K. and Kuhad, R.C.
(2011). White rot fungal conversion of wheat straw to energy rich cattle feed.
Biodegradation 22: 823–831.
Singh, D. and Chen, S. (2008). The white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium:
conditions for the production of lignin-degrading enzymes. Applied Microbiology
and Biotechnology 81: 399–417.
Singleton, V.L., Ortofehr, R. and Lamuela-Raventos, R.M. (1999). Analysis of total
phenols and other oxidation substrate and antioxidants by means of Folin-
Ciocalteau reagent. Methods in Enzymology 299: 152-178.
Sinskey, A.J. and Batt, C.A. (1987). Fungi as a source of protein. In: Food and
Beverage, L.R. Benchat (Ed.), Von Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 435–471.
Sjöström, E. (1993). Wood Chemistry, 2d edition. Academic Press Inc. San Diego,
California.
Sun, S.W., Lin, Y.C., Weng, Y.M. and Chen, M.J. (2006). Efficiency improvements on
ninhydrin method for amino acid quantification. Journal of Food Composition
Analysis 19: 112– 117.
Taniguchi, M., Suzuki, H., Watanabe, D., Sakai, K., Hoshino, K. and Tanaka, T. (2005).
Evaluation of pretreatment with Pleurotus ostreatus for enzymatic hydrolysis of
rice straw. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 100:637-643.
Theander, O. and Aman, P. (1984) Straw and other fibrous by-products as feed,
Sundstal and Owen (Eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 45-78.
Thekkiniath, J., Paul, S., Dureja, P. and Dhar D.W. (2010). Physiological studies on
endorhizospheric establishment of Azotobacter chroococcum in wheat. Journal of
Basic Microbiology 50: 266–273.
Tien, M. and Kirk, T.K. (1984). Lignin-degrading enzyme from Phanerochaete
chrysosporium: purification, characterization, and catalytic properties of a unique
H2O2-requiring oxygenase. Proceedings of National Academy of Science USA
81: 2280–2284.
Tilley, J.M.A. and Terry, R.A.A. (1963). Two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion
of forage crops. Journal of British Grassland Society 18:104-11.
Tilley, J.M.A. and Terry, R.A.A. (1963). Two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion
of forage crops. Journal of British Grassland Society 18:104-11.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
174
Trigo, C. and Ball, A.S. (1994). Is the solubilized product from the degradation of
lignocellulose by actinomycetes a precursor of humic substances? Microbiology
140: 3145–3152.
Trupkin, S., Levin, L., Forchiassin, F. and Viale, A. (2003). Optimization of a culture
medium for ligninolytic enzyme production and synthetic dye decolorization
using response surface methodology. Journal of Industrial Microbiology
Biotechnology 30: 682–690.
Tuomela, M., Oivanen, P. and Hatakka A. (2002) Degradation of synthetic 14C-lignin
by various white-rot fungi in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 34: 1613–1620.
Ustinov, B.B., Gusakov, A.V., Antonov, A.I. and Sinitsyn, A.P. (2008). Comparison of
properties and mode of action of six secreted xylanases from Chrysosporium
lucknowense. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 43: 56–65.
Vadiveloo, J. (2000). Nutritional properties of the leaf and stem of rice straw. Animal
feed Science and Technology 83: 57-65.
Vadiveloo, J. and Fade, J.G. (2009). The response of rice straw varieties to urea
treatment. Animal Feed Science and Technology 151: 291-298.
Valarini, M.J. and Possenti, R.A. (2004). Stem-nodulating Sesbania as a potential feed
supplement for ruminants. Tropical Science 44: 67–72.
Van Soest, P.J. (1994). The nutritional ecology of the ruminant, 2nd edition. Cornell
University Press. Ithaca, NY. 476 pp.
Van Soest, P.J. (2006). Rice straw, the role of silica and treatments to improve quality.
Animal Feed Science and Technology 130: 137-171.
Vares, T., Niemenmaa, O. and Hatakka, A. (1994). Secretion of ligninolytic enzymes
and mineralization of 14c-ring-labelled synthetic lignin by three Phlebia
tremellosa strains. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60: 569-57.
Villas-Boˆas, S.G., Esposito, E. and Mitchell, D.A. (2002) Microbial conversion of
lignocellulosic residues for production of animal feeds. Animal Feed Science and
Technology 98: 1–12.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
175
Voragen, A.G.J., Beldman, G. and Schols, H. (2001). Chemistry and enzymology of
pectins. In: Advanced Dietary Fibre Technology, B.V. McCleary and L. Prosky
(eds), , (Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK, pp 379-398.
Waldrop, M.P., Balser, T.C. and Firestone, M.K. (2000). Linking microbial community
composition to function in a tropical soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 32:
1837–1846.
Wariishi, H., Akileswaran, L. and Gold, M.H. (1988). Manganese peroxidase from the
basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium: spectral characterization of the
oxidized state and the catalytic cycle. Biochemistry 27: 5365-5370.
Wariishi, H., Dunford, H.B., MacDonald, I.D. and Gold, M.H. (1989). Manganese
peroxidase from lignin degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium:
transient-state kinetics and reaction mechanism. Journal of Biological Chemistry
264: 3335-3340.
Watanabe, T. (2003). Analysis of native bonds between lignin and carbohydrate by
specific chemical reactions, In: Association between lignin and carbohydrates in
wood and other plant tissue. T. Koshijima and T. Watanabe (Eds). Springer
Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, pp 91-130.
Weiss, W.P. (2005). Antioxidants nutrients, cow health and milk quality. In: Dairy
cattle nutritionworkshop,DepartmentofDairyand Animal Sciences, Penn State,
pp.11-18.
Wejse, P.L., Ingvorsen, K. and Mortensen, K.K., (2003). Xylanase production by a
novel halophilic bacterium increased 20-fold by response surface methodology.
Enzyme and Microbial Technology 32: 721–727.
Whalley, W.R., Watts, W.C., Gregory, A.S., cMooney, S.J., Clark, L.J. and Whitmore,
A.P. (2008). The effect of soil strength on the yield of paddy. Plant Soil 306: 237–
247.
Williams, B.A., Chuzaemi, S., Soebarinoto,cc J., Bruchem, V., Boer, H., and
Tamminga, S. (1996). A comparison of ten rice-straw varieties grown at two
different altitudes during a wet and a dry season, using the in vitro cumulative gas
production technique. Animal Feed Science and Technology 57: 183-194.
Wirsenius, S. (2003). Efficiencies and biomass appropriation of food commodities on
global and regional levels. Agricultural Systems 77: 219-255.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
176
Xu, C. Ma, F. Zhang, X. Chen S. (2010). Biological pretreatment of corn stover by
Irpex lacteus for enzymatic hydrolysis. Journal of Agriculture and Food
Chemistry 58: 10893–10898.
Yang, H.H., Effland, M.J. and Kirk, T.K. (1980). Factors influencing fungal degradation
of lignin in a representative lignocellulosic, thermomechanical pulp.
Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22: 65-77.
Yang, W.Z., Beauchemin, K.A. and Rode, L.M.A. (2000). Comparison of methods of
adding fibrolytic enzymes to lactating cow diets. Journal of Dairy Sciences 83:
2512–2520.
Yang, X., Ma, F., Zeng, Y., Yu, H., Xu, C. and Zhang, X. (2010). Structure alteration of
lignin in corn stover degraded by white-rot fungus Irpex lacteus CD2.
International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 64: 119-123.
Yayneshet, T. Eik, L.O. and Moe, S.R. (2009). Seasonal variations in the chemical
composition and dry matter degradability of exclosure forages in the semi-arid
region of northern Ethiopia. Animal Feed Science and Technology 148: 12-33.
Yildirim, N. and Yildiz, A. (2009). The effect of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel. on
rice bran and wheat straw under the solid-state bioconversion for ruminant feed.
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 5: 475 – 482.
Yin, J., Tomycz, L., Bonner, G. and Wang, D.I.C. (2002). A simple and rapid assay of
collagen-like polymer in crude lysate from Escherichia coli. Journal of
Microbiological Methods 49: 321–323.
Yoshida, H. (1883). Chemistry of lacquer (Urushi). Part I. Communication from the
Chemical Society of Tokio. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions
43: 472–486.
Yu, H., Du, W., Zhang, J., Ma, F., Zhang, X., Zhong, W. (2010). Fungal treatment of
cornstalks enhances the delignification and xylan loss during mild alkaline
pretreatment and enzymatic digestibility of glucan. Bioresource Technology101:
6728-6734.
Yu, M., Zeng, G., Chen, Y., Yu, H., Huang, D. and Tang, L. (2009) Influence of
Phanerochaete chrysosporium on microbial communities and lignocellulose
degradation during solid state fermentation of rice straw. Process Biochemistry
44: 17–22.
Ph. D. Thesis (Microbiology), R. K. Sharma, 2011
177
Yu, P., McKinnon, J.J. and Christensen, D.A. (2005). Improving the nutritional value of
oat hulls for ruminant animals with pretreatment of a multienzyme cocktail: In
vitro studies. Journal of Animal Science 83: 1133–1141.
Zadrazil, F. (1977). The conversion of straw into feed by basidiomycetes, European
Journal of Applied Microbiology 4: 273-281.
Zadrazil, F. (2000). Is the conversion of lignocellulose into feed with white rot fungi
realizable? Practical problems of scale up and technology transfer. Mushroom
Science 15: 919-928.
Zadrazil, F. and Brunnert, H. (1980). The influence of ammonium nitrate
supplementation on degradation and in vitro digestibility of straw colonized by
higher fungi. European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 9:
37-44.
Zadrazil, F. and Isikhuemhen, O. (1997). Solid state fermentation of lignocellulosics
into animal feed with white rot fungi. In: Advances in Solid State Fermentation S.
Roussos, B.K. Lonsane, M. Raimbault and G. Viniegra-Gonzalez (Eds), Kluwer
Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 23–38.
Zhao, G.R., Xiang, Z.J., Ye, T.X., Yaun, J.Y. and Guo, X.Z. (2006). Antioxidant
activities of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng. Food Chemistry 99: 767-
774.
Zheng, Y., Pan, Z. and Zhang, R. (2009). Overview of biomass pretreatment for
cellulosic ethanol production. International Journal of Agriculture and Biological
Engineering 2: 51-68.
Zödl, B., Zeiner, M. Paukovits, P., Steffan, I., Marktl, W. and Ekmekcioglu, C. (2005).
Iron Uptake and Toxicity in Caco-2 Cells. Microchemical Journal 79: 393-397.