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PH 101Fall 2014Review sheet - FinalProf. Drake
NotesDoestevsky
Attempt at truthful autobiographyConsistency &
inconsistencytte!"ts at self-#e$nition
ever evolvin% creatre
cant 't ever #e$ne yorself as one thin%
we !ake #i(erent #ecisions all the ti!e
Pleasure and/in pain
are o"en to )ein% !ani"late# )y s overti!e
o *n#er%ron# +an has taste# his own #issa"oint!en# so
!any ti!es that it )eco!es a co!fort ,one his #isa""ointe#
)ecase nor!ality ha)it
he fa!iliar feelin% )eco!es a weir# way for
"leasre.
he clin%s to that "leasre
Determinism- /elief that natre an# )iolo%ical !ake" #eter!ine
h!an action
free will is an illsion.Spontaneity/caprice
he has no self-consistency we will always contra#ict
orselves
o irrationality
o ca"rice-- s)ect to chan%e at any instant #esires3
o s"ontaneity
Cultural contradiction+o#ern science5stice syste!
)oth are fnctions of a very li!ite# conce"tion of what the
h!an
intellect is
yo are li!itin% the free#o!s yo have
6we are con#e!ne# to )e free6 -7atre
8n%oin% fn#a!ental res"onsi)ility to se or free#o! an# se
orcreativity.
Rationality & irrationalityFor the in#ivi#al
o choosin% 6)a#6 thin%s !i%ht )e %oo# for s
o if everyone else !akes the sa!e #ecisions as yo h!an
)ehavior )eco!es "re#icta)le yo lose yor ni9eness
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o in or#er to have !eanin% in or lives we nee# irrationality
self is !a#e of a set of i!"lses
o 6or free#o! is )etter than or self-interest6 we are inherently
creative an# free )ein%s
so!eti!es we !st )e #iso)e#ient
o 8r #ecisions are not always ors they are case# )ynknown
forces.
For societyo 6Constrctin% a crystal "alace6--Utopia
o to )e flly rational wol# %et ri# of con:ict
Existentialist believe
!any "eo"le #e"rive their own free#o!
!any "eo"le acce"t or %o alon% with that they are tol#
o we are tol# )y society what we shol# want
cltral valescsto!s are or own "ersonal #ecisions
tra#itions are also choices
;tistentialists )elieve that a)sr#ity e>"lains
e>istence
o 6there's no reason to e>ist6
atheist
;n a niverse that is "ointless yo !ake yor own reason.
!"ndependent #anting$
"eo"le are not evil not willin%ly 7ocrates3
o
if "eo"le knew what was %oo# they wol#n't co!!it evilo Peo"le
#on't nee# "nish!ent they nee# e#cation.
"ntellect vs #hole person
so!e "eo"le want to )ehave like the intellect has the $rst an#
last
wor#o )t there are !any other "arts to a h!an %ive yo yor
#esires intellect is yor e%o or rational !in#
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Fre#%acground on Sigmund 'reud
- ?as an atheist- raine# in har# sciences- "hsycoloy- @ove#
Areek cltre- B?e are )on# to )e in con:ict with orselves.
Superego- oice of athority- ?iel#s a "ower of "nish!ent
-?orks )y in:ictvint "ain "on "erson
o hro%h %ilt or re!orse
- ;nternali,e# for! of "nish!ent"d
- *nconscios- the #arker si#eo %%ressive a%ency
- /sy wantin%- we want "leasre or a)sence of "ain3
"leasre"rinci"le3
o Power secrity se>
Don
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- here are ol# "arts that were even reconstrcte# fro! even
ol#er"art
- 7trctres early in or lives contines with s s)consciosly- 6?hat
is "ast in !ental life !ay )e "reserve# an# is not necessarily
erase#.6!Purpose$ of human life
- "r"ose of h!an life is not re#e!"tion in an afterlife )t
theachieve!ent of ha""iness.
Sources of unhappiness- we e>"erience nha""iness fro! the
followin% three sorces- 13 or )o#y- 23 the e>ternal worl#- 3 or
relations to other !en. ?e e!"loy varios strate%ies to avoi#
#is"leasreG )y isolatin% orselves volntarily )eco!in%
!e!)ers
of the h!an co!!nity i.e. contri)tin% to a co!!on en#eavor3or
in:encin% or own )o#ies. ;nto>ication is a "articlarly"revalent
!etho# of in:ence.
7)li!ationtransfor!e# elevate# !ore !il# "leasre- ?e fon# a new
!ore socially acce"ta)le for! of $n#in% "leasre.
"nability to experience happiness consistently- ;t is i!"ossi)le
to achieve this- 6Ha""iness is a "ro)le! of the econo!ics of the
in#ivi#al's li)i#o6
)o# #e cope #ith unhappiness13 #e:ection of "ain an#
#isa""oint!ent thro%h "lanne# #istractions323 s)stittive
satisfactions !ainly thro%h the re"lace!ent of reality )y
art33 into>icatin% s)stances. Fre# concl#es that reli%ion
cannot )e clearlycate%ori,e# within this sche!a
