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PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 411. Lesson 2A Drilling Systems Drilling Rigs Drilling a Well. Homework. Read ADE to p. 21 Learn the Definitions in Lesson 2B ADE # 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 (on the internet) due Monday, September 8, 2003. Rotary Drilling. CHAPTER 1 (ADE). Drilling Team - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 411
Lesson 2A
Drilling Systems
Drilling Rigs
Drilling a Well
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 2 of 53
Homework
Read ADE to p. 21
Learn the Definitions in Lesson 2B
ADE # 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 (on the internet)due Monday, September 8,
2003
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 3 of 53
Drilling Team Drilling Rigs Rig Power System Hoisting System Circulating System . . .
Rotary Drilling
CHAPTER 1 (ADE)
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 4 of 53
The Rotary System The Well Control System Well-Monitoring System Special Marine Equipment Drilling Cost Analysis
Examples
Rotary Drilling - cont’d
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 5 of 53
From the Houston Chronicle, August 2001, 2002 and 2003
The Rig Count
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 6 of 53
From the Houston Chronicle, Sunday, September 1, 2002
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 7 of 53
From the Houston Chronicle, Sunday, August 31, 2003
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 8 of 53
Noble Drilling’s
Cecil Forbes
A Jack-Up Rig
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 9 of 53
Sonat’s George
Washington
A Semi-Submersible
Rig
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 10 of 53
Zapata’s Trader
A Drillship
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 11 of 53
Deep Water Development Options
SUBSEA COMPLETIONS
FIXED PLATFORMS
COMPLIANT TOWERS
FLOATING PRODUCTION
SYSTEMS
TENSION LEG
PLATFORMS
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 12 of 53
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 13 of 53
TENSION LEG PLATFORM
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 14 of 53
Shell’s Auger
Tension Leg
Platform
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 15 of 53
Shell’s Bullwinkle
World’s tallest offshore structure
1,353’ water depth
Production began in 1989
45,000 b/d80MM scf/d
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 16 of 53
BOP STACK
GUIDE BASEMUDLINE
MARINERISER
GUIDE LINES
SLIP JOINTTo TENSIONERS
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 17 of 53
Fig. 1.3 - Typical drilling rig organization
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 18 of 53
Fig. 1.4
The rotary drilling process
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 19 of 53
Fig. 1.5
Classification of rotary drilling
rigs
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 20 of 53
Fig. 1.13 Engine power output
P = F . V
Power = Force * Velocity
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 21 of 53
TABLE 1.1 - HEATING VALUE OF VARIOUS FUELS
Fuel Type
Density (lbm/gal)
Heating Value (Btu/lbm)
diesel gasoline butane methane
7.2 6.6 4.7 ---
19,000 20,000 21,000 24,000
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 22 of 53
Example 1.1. A diesel engine gives an output torque of 1,740 ft-lbf at an engine speed of 1,200 rpm. If the fuel consumption rate was 31.5 gal/hr, what is the output power and overall efficiency of the engine?
Solution: The angular velocity, , is given by
= 2 (1,200) = 7,539.8 rad/min.)
The power output can be computed using Eq.1.1
hp5.397/hplbf/min-ft 33,000
lbf/min-ft (1,740) 7,539.8T P
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 23 of 53
Since the fuel type is diesel, the density is 7.2lbm/gal and the heating value H is 19,000 Btu/lbm (Table 1.1). Thus, the fuel consumption rate w f is:
wf = 3.78 lbm/min.
The total heat energy consumed by the engine is given by Eq. 1.2:
minutes 60
hour 1 lbm/gal) (7.2gal/hr 31.5 w f
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 24 of 53
Qi = w f H
Thus, the overall efficiency of the engine at 1,200rpm given by Eq. 1.3 is
lbf/min/hp-ft 33,000
lbf/Btu-ft 779lbm19,000Btu/lbm/min 3.78iQ
Efficiency = (Power Out / Power in)
23.4%or 0.2341695.4
397.5
it Q
PE
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 25 of 53
Drilling a Well
Steps in Drilling a Well Duties of Drilling Engineer Making a Connection Making a Trip Rig Selection Criteria Derrick Loading Definitions (Lesson 2B) (separate)
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 26 of 53
Steps to Drill A Gas/Oil Well
1. Complete or obtain seismic, log, scouting information or other data.
2. Lease the land or obtain concession.3. Calculate reserves or estimate from
best data available. 4. If reserve estimates show payout,
proceed with well.5. Obtain permits from conservation/
national authority.
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 27 of 53
Steps to Drill a Well - cont’d
6. Prepare drilling and completion program.
7. Ask for bids on footage, day work, or combination from selected drilling contractors based on drilling program.
8. If necessary, modify program to fit selected contractor equipment.
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 28 of 53
Steps to Drill a Well - cont’d
9. Construct road, location/platforms and other marine equipment necessary for
access to site. 10. Gather all personnel concerned for
meeting prior to commencing drilling(pre-spud meeting)
11. If necessary, further modify program.12. Drill well.
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 29 of 53
Steps to Drill a Well - cont’d
13. Move off contractor if workover unit is to complete the well.
14. Complete well.15. Install surface facilities.16. Analysis of operations with
concerned personnel.
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 30 of 53
Drilling OperationsField Engineers, Drilling Foremen
A. Well planning prior to SPUDB. Monitor drilling operationsC. After drilling, review drilling results and recommend future improvements
- prepare report.D. General duties.
What are the well requirements? Objectives, safety, cost
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 31 of 53
Makinga
Connection
Makinga
Trip
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 32 of 53
Making a mouse hole connection
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 33 of 53
Making a mouse hole connection - cont’d
Single Added.
Ready to Drill
Moving Kelly to Single in Mousehole
Stabbing the Pipe
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 34 of 53
Use Elevators
fortripping
Making a trip
Put Kelly in Rathole
Why trip?
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 35 of 53
Making a trip - cont’d
Tripping one stand at a time
60-90 ft
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 36 of 53
Criteria for determining depth limitation
Derrick Drawworks Mud Pumps Drillstring Mud System Blowout Preventer Power Plant
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 37 of 53
T W
• FIG 1-1 Simple Pulley System
T = W
LD = 2W (no friction in sheave)
T W
W W
2W
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 38 of 53
W = 4 T T = W/4
LD = 6 T = 6 W/4W
n2n
LD
n = numberof lines
W = weight(hook load)
LD = load on derrick
Assuming no friction
• FIG 1-2 Block and Tackle System
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 39 of 53
Example 1.1(no friction)
The total weight of 9,000 ft of 9 5/8-inch casing for a deep well is determined to be 400,000 lbs. Since this will be the heaviest casing string run, the maximum mast load must be calculated. Assuming that 10 lines run between the crown and the traveling blocks and neglecting buoyancy effects, calculate the maximum load.
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 40 of 53
Solution:
The tension, T, will be distributed equally between the 10 lines. Therefore,
T = 400,000/10 = 40,000 lbfThe tension in the fast line and dead line will also be 40,000 lbf, so the total load is
40,000 X 12 = 480,000 lbf
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 41 of 53
Solution, cont.
Example 1.1 demonstrates two additional points.
1. The marginal decrease in mast load decreases with additional lines.
2. The total mast load is always greater than the load being
lifted.
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 42 of 53
A Rotary Rig Hoisting System
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 43 of 53
Projection of Drilling Lines on Rig Floor
TOTAL
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 44 of 53
Load on Derrick(considering friction in sheaves)Derrick Load = Hook Load
+ Fast Line Load + Dead Line Load
Fd = W + Ff + Fs
F WW
En
W
n
E En
EnWd
=
1
E = overall efficiency, e.g., E = en = 0.98n
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 45 of 53
Example 1.2
A rig must hoist a load of 300,000 lbf. The drawworks can provide an input power to the block and tackle system as high as 500 hp. Eight lines are strung between the crown block and traveling block. Calculate
1. The static tension in the fast line when upward motion is impending,2. the maximum hook horsepower
available,
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 46 of 53
Example 1.2, cont.
3. the maximum hoisting speed,4. the actual derrick load,5. the maximum equivalent derrick load, and,6. the derrick efficiency factor.
Assume that the rig floor is arranged as shown in Fig. 1.17.
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 47 of 53
Solution
1. The power efficiency for n = 8 is given as 0.841 in Table 1.2. The tension in the fast line is given by Eq. 1.7.
Tension in the Fast Line,
lbnE
WF 590,44
8*841.0
000,300
( 0.988 = 0.851 )
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 48 of 53
Solution
2. The maximum hook horsepower available is
Ph = Epi = 0.841(500) = 420.5 hp.
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 49 of 53
Solution
3. The maximum hoisting speed is given by
vP
Wbh
hp ft - lbf / min
hp
300,000 lbf
= 46.3 ft / min
420 533 000
.,
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 50 of 53
Solution to 3., cont.
To pull a 90-ft stand would require
t 90
1 9 ft
46.3 ft / min . min.
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 51 of 53
Solution
4. The actual derrick load is given by Eq.1.8b:
FE En
EnWd
1
=1+0.841 +0.841(8)
0.841(8)(300,000)
= 382,090 lbf.
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 52 of 53
Solution
5. The maximum equivalent load is given by Eq.1.9:
lbfF
Wn
nF
de
de
000,450
000,300*8
484
n
W
4
WFDLL
Wn4
4nFDLL
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well PETE 411 Well Drilling Slide 53 of 53
Solution
6. The derrick efficiency factor is:
000,450
090,382
F
FE
de
dd
84.9% or 849.0E d