Petrochemicals

Presentation by

FOZIA ALI BANAWAZChemistry Dept.DCW VIII

Contents:

Natural Resources of Organic compounds

1.Coal,

2.Natural gas,

3.Petroleum

Reserviors of fossil fuels

Petrochemical Industry

PETRO-CHEMICALS

• Petrochemicals are chemical products derived from petroleum. Some chemical compounds made from petroleum are also obtained from other fossil fuels such as coal or natural gas, or renewable sources such as corn or sugar cane.

CLASSIFICATION

• Primary petrochemicals are divided into three groups depending on their chemical structure:

CLASS 1:

• Olefins includes ethylene, propylene, and butadiene. Ethylene and propylene are important sources of industrial chemicals and plastics products. Butadiene is used in making synthetic rubber.

CLASS 2:

• Aromatics includes benzene, toluene, and xylenes. Benzene is a raw material for dyes and synthetic detergents, and benzene and toluene for isocyanates MDI and TDI used in making polyurethanes. Manufacturers use xylenes to produce plastics and synthetic fibers.

CLASS 3:

• Synthesis gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen used to make ammonia and methanol. Ammonia is used to make the fertilizer urea and methanol is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.

Etymology

• The prefix "petro-" is an arbitrary abbreviation of the word "petroleum"; since "petro-" is Ancient Greek for "rock" and "oleum" means "oil".

Flow chart

Flow chart

Flow chart

Products from petroleum

• Petrochemicals

• Polymers & Fibers

• Petroleum

• Chemicals

• Healthcare

• Fossil fuels are fuels formed by natural processes such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organism

• The age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 million years. The fossil fuels, which contain high percentages of carbon, include coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

• Energy Information Administration that in 2007 primary sources of energy consisted

of petroleum 36.0%, coal 27.4%, natural gas 23.0%, amounting to an

86.4% share for fossil fuels in primary energy consumption in the world

The world consumes 30 billion barrels (4.8 km³) of oil

per year

OIL REFINERY

REFINING OF PETROLEUM

Major products

• Liquified petroleum gas (LPG) • Gasoline (also known as petrol) • Naphtha • Kerosene and related jet aircraft fuels • Diesel fuel • Fuel oils • Lubricating oils • Paraffin wax • Asphalt and tar • Petroleum coke

Product Gallons per Barrel

gasoline 19.4

diesel & home heating oil 9.7

kerosene-type jet fuel 4.3

residual fuel oil 1.9

liquefied refinery gases 1.9

still gas 1.8

coke 2.0

asphalt and road oil 1.4

petrochemical feedstock 1.1

lubricants 0.5

kerosene 0.2

other 0.4

1 BARREL=42 GALLONS=159 LTRES