Peter Viney, Karen Viney - Handshake Workbook

7/18/2019 Peter Viney, Karen Viney - Handshake Workbook

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2 The

past

of

modals

Perhaps they went home earl) . (might)

They migll/ mle gone home early

Rewritc these sentences in the same

way

She

didn t

know him. It s impossible.

can t)

2

m

sure you me him. (mus )

3

It s possible that I ve left

it

in

thc

officc.

might)

4

Maybe she hasn t heard the news.

might

not)

5

Perhaps he forgot the mceting. (could)

6

I m

sure wc ve missed the flight.

must)

7

Maybc they were al home. (might)

8

He

didn t do

it. (can t)

3

Past perfect continuous

Last night,

/im

came home at

8 p m He

was

very tired.

(he

work hard

all

day)

He ad

beell

lVorkiflg hard all day

Make sentences in the same

way

When she woke up, she felt really

frightened,

an d

for a few seconds she

thought she

was somewhere else.

(she

have

bad

dream)

2

When she walked into

he r

daughter s room

she could smell cigarette smoke. Her

daughter

was with a friend.

(they

smoke)

3

Sorry

was

rude

when you

phoned

last

night.

It

was

8.45.

(11 watch

my favourite TV

programme)

4 When

we camf ou t of

the cinema t he s un

was shining,

bu t

there was water on the

road and pavement.

(it

rain)

When I finally got through to the

complaints department on the phone, I

was feding really angry.

(11 wait

for ten minutes)

CASE STUDY

4

You must

have been feeling angry

I had been holding the

phone

for ten

minutes, and I had to listen to this loud

music the whole time

must)

YO l sr rave been feeling

allgry

/ YO l IIIl/SI

raJlf

been angry

React to these situations in the same

way

We d been walking in the snow for two

hours,

an d

the

temperature

was minlls five

degrees Celsius

must)

2

Mike was very quiet this morning. He s

usually so friendl} and cheerful. Then he

went

homc early. J wonder if he was

fecling

well

(can t)

3

The team had been playing for ninety

minutes in the hot sun. The score was

1-1,

and they then had to play thirty minutes

extra time.

must)

Changing times

I Why?

Look back at exercise

3

in

Facts,

deduction,

speculation

above. Look at the example

sentence.

Why was he tired?

He \\ llS tired bemuse

Ire

had been working harf/

a

day

Ans\ver about the

other

sentences in the

exercise, writing sentences with

because.

\Vhr was she frightened when she woke

up?

2 Why was the girl s

mother

angry?

3 Why was

th e

speaker rude?

4 Why was there water

011

the pavement?

5 Why was th e speaker feeling angry?

2 because I because of

Underline

th e

correct words in brackets.

\Ve didn t enjoy

ou r

holiday because

of

(the terrible weather

the weather was

terrible).

2 I d been saving mone} because (a new car

I wanted a new car).

_


81/88

UNIT EIGHT

3 The)' must have

been worried

because

the

news was

bad

I

bad

news).

4

J

stayed at

home

because

of

l had

a

cold

I

I l l ) l:old).

The)' moved

10

Bristol because of (she had

a

new job

I

her new job).

6 Because

your

mistake

I

you made a

mistake),

we

lost a lot ofbusillCSS.

3

Employment

Check the meaning of these words

and

then

complete

the spaces.

journalists

nurses

editors

receptionists

managers

cleaners

pharmacists

supervisors

This Week

magazine

doctors

photographers

security officers

computer operators

lawyers

artists

accountants

cooks

National MIdland

Bank

designers

secretaries

bank clerks

telephonists

messengers

data processors

porters

The Grange

Hospital

strike

losses

redundant

unemployment

leisure

created

People

are

worried because of rising

2 My uncle was made after thirty

years

in

the same job.

3 Last year t here were 40,000 job

in

manufacturing

because of

automation.

4 The

computer

industry

has

..

many

new

jobs.

5 Air traftic controllers arc going

on ..

because they want more money.

6 Because people have

mOH time,

there

are more jobs in the entertainment

industry.

4

Jobs

Which people

might

\\ ark for these

employers? List

them

on

the

chart.

THIS

WEEK

The

weekly news and entertainment magazine

34

Farringdon

Street

London Ee2

ER

THE NATIONAL

MIDLAND

BANK

PLC

Head Office: NatMid Tower Canary Wharf, London

The Grange Hospital

Corml

..

PlIrk.

Winch..

w r. j-lpmpshin:

S023

'1HT

80

5 Spelling

jvlake

three

lists.

You

can lIse words from exercise

4,

and

rou

can add any others

that

you know.

I

Jobs

ending

in

-er

(e.g. engineer).

2

Jobs

ending

in

-or

(e.g.

author).

3 Jobs

ending

in

;SI

e.g.

dentist).

Understanding

each other

I Vocabulary: losing a job

There are St'veral ways of telling

someone

that they

have

1 H tlleir job and that

they're

Itllcmplo) ed

or

ollr of work

Newspapers have headlines like

2 JOBS AXED

CAR FACTORY.

YOU rt:

Sll.ke,r (m


82/88

CASE

STUDY

Read the text. Are these sentences

true

or false?

Paraphrasing

2 Body language

-

_

-

excitedhirsty

happy

annoying

expensive

hungry

cold

After they'd \VOIl the match, the team \\'ere

completely

over

the moon

) tW

/IIt /l/l

they \\we happy.

No, thanks

rm

full up. [ couldn t eat

another

thing

I'm going la the

bank I

nccd some

bored

cheap

3

l s going to ra in tomorrow it's

going to

be

very cold, too.

4

I've met her,

I

haven't met her sister.

5

They re good

at algebra they'n:

good at chemistry, too.

I Link words - wd bllt because

Choose

the best words

to

complete

th e

spaces.

2 Guess th e meaning I)

i'vtalch the idiomatic sentences

(1-5)

I ith the

li$tcncr's

paraphrases

(A-E). You ll have to

guess some of

them.

1 Sorry I haven t go t a clue

2

No offence.

I

was just having a laugh.

3

Come

on You must

think

I was born

yesterday

4

Don t look at me

I

had nothing to do with it .

S I m absolutely boiling mad

3 Guess

the meaning

(2)

This

is more

difficult . Look at the

idiomatic

expressions below. Paraphrase

them

as in

exercise 2. Use adjectives.

A You mean

it

wasn t your fault .

B You mean you re angry.

C You mean you don t know the answer.

D You mean you were joking.

E You mean you

don t

believe me.

money.

2 I m

going to the supermarket

I m

no t

going to buy anything.

I m

meeting a

friend then:.

Match

th e

sentences with the body language.

'You're sacked' is a pleasant way of telling

someone that they're redundant.

2

Vv e lI

have

to

let you go'

is

more

common

in American English

......

3 When )'OU decide to leave a jo b for ) our

o n

reasons, you're fired.

4 When someone does something wrong,

the

employer

might dismiss

them.

S Whcll someone finds a betler jo b with

another company, they resign or quit from

their old

job......

6 Wllen business gels better, companies have

to

let employees go. . . . . .

7

Yo u

call

quit

a

computer

p ro gram b ut

you

cannot

resign from it ).

1 Now, you listen to

me

.

2 I think we agree .

3 I don t care what you

say

I don t agree.

4 But i t s not my fault .. .

A showing the palms of your hands

B

folding

your arms

C

pointing your

finger

D mirroring each other


83/88

UNIT E IGHT

2 ThaI new

car

cost an

arm

and a leg

3

I 'm going to

buy

that shirt.

costs

peanuts.

4

What

a film I couldn t keep my eyes open.

S What a film I was on Ihe edge of my seat

6

Thanks,

I needed that. [ was really dry.

7 Stop singing, it really gets on my nerves.

8 It's freezing You could freeze to death

oul

here.

The answers

you want

10 'I can' t answer this now because it's my

tea-break.

Come

back later.'

Ms Macintosh,

Computing

.....

'Tea ladies arc vcry

important,

and they

work vcry

hard

for vcry

little

m o n e y ~

i\1rs Twining,

Tea

lady

2 Find the different sound

All these words are from unit eight. Put a r ing

around the word in each line which has a

different underlined vowel

sound.

3

Compound nouns

Compound nouns hav(' two (o r more) words.

Match the words from the first column with

words from the second column. Alllhe words

arc from unit eight.

ti ste

Ili tural

w. .ste

faint

fumer p, .lm machine partner

rQ .tine

lilllon

rymour

pQ.int

starting

h ~ r t

h ~ r mi kcd

n1 Ise \\'QIkcr

p ~ s o n n t l

sec rity

Tlsen nllner division

cash till

cr.e.ated restaurant

v.(nding

mfsscnger

I Comments

Daniel Elgin asked ('veryone to

complete the

survey in the Student 's Book.

Then he

also

invited

them

to

add

any comments they

wanted to. Daniel only wrote down the

comments he agreed with.

Which

ones did he

write down? Tick

them.

1

don t drink tea or coffee because

they're bad for your health. '

Mr Nibbs, Accounts .....

2 'Tea

from vending machines tastt:'s like

washing-up

water.'

Ms

Singh, Data Processing

3

My

coffce was cold this

morning

because it had been on the trolley for

half

an hour.'

Mr

Partridge, Sales .....

4 can t understand this questionnaire.'

Mrs Grove, Puhlicity

national

vending

trade

.

managing

natural

systems

data

machine

director

union

resources

processor

insurance

trolley

consultant

5

Willlhe machines sell soup? [ like hot soup.'

Mr

Parsons, FaClory

6 How

much

will the drinks cost f rom the

machines?'

Miss Harris, Mail room .....

7 I

have tried coffee from vending

machines before,

and

it's excellent.'

Mr Marriot, Managing Director .....

8

'It's

obvious.

The

company jus t wants to

save money.'

Ms Scargill, Marketing ... ..

9 'Tea breaks arc a waste

of

time. 1 prefer

to

get on with my work. I can drink tea

while I'm '\'orking.'

Mr

Crawley, Supervisor

._-

..._

82

.

Consequences

I

Definition

consequence

l k U l 1 s i l ( W i l l 1 ~ ; US

-l:wcn:J

II )UII

1 lCl

something Ihal follow as 3 resuh or eneet of

sth

else: The

power swtinl l

lras showl1

/(J

be dallj(i rtlIIS

I1l1d IS

(/

cal1SeqllellCI , U lS closed (/0\1 11. 0 The

error

Iwd

IrTlf ;( COI/Sl quelltes. 2 [UJ formal)

importal1ce: is 110 COIlWQIli I1( ( .

consequent

/'\;011511:\\'


84/88

SE STUDY

Read the dictionary definition and find

abbreviations for:

I countable

2 uncountab le

3 something

4 adjective

3 adverb

American pronunciation.

2 Consequences

Read the definition and complete the spaces

in the sentences with these words.

consequently

as

(onsequence consequent

They don t matter. Th( }, re of no .

2 She lost her dr iving licence after the

accident,

and

a consequence she

lost her job.

3 The hot

summer

and low rainfall

caused water shortages in the West of

England.

4

li e

got good grades in his exams, and

............ got a belter job.

3 Changes

The Atlantic Club Hotd Group wants to

build a 2000-bed holiday resort jusl outside

Penbev


85/88

UNIT I HT

5 A parent with two ),oung children.

I f

there were mort

traffic.

6 A

farmer, whose farm the) want to buy for

the resort. They ve offered

3

million.

I f

they bought

my

farm ..

.

7

The new manager

of

the reSOT who lives

in London at the moment.

f

I moved

Penbi::van ..

.

8 .

Can you think

of

another sentence for

number 8?

2

Sharon s argument

Sharon Max\\ ell didn t agree wilh Daniel.

Read her argument. Ever) tenth word

is

missing. Can you complete the spaces?

Of fi ce wa st e- bi ns

95

of

t h e waste

in

th e

bins

i s

pa pe r .

t h e r e were b in l iner s

pe opl e

wo u ld throw

more

t h i n g s

them; h l f ~ e m p t y yoghurt

p o t s , h a lf-e m p ty sof t d r i n k cans, f r u i t

so on. At

p r e s e n t

t he y take

I Reason and result

11

Another

report

from Daniel

Daniel Elgin has written a report

on

wastc-

bins. Read it. Complete the spaces with these

words.

We have a la rge number

o f

metal w a s t e

b i p s

in th e of f i ces . Th e

c l e a n e r s e mp ty

them e ve r y

e v e n in g .

Th e

b i n s a re o fte n

di r ty an d

th i s

th e

c l e a n e r s sometimes

have

t o

w ash them,

and they soon become ~ s t y

, a f t e r

a bout

t h r e e y e a r s we

need to

bu y ne w one s .

These

cos t 50

each, and \\ e re p l a c e around th i r ty e v e r y

y e a r .

I f

we

used plas t i c bags

bin

l iner s th e b i n s would stay c l e ~

Th e

c l e a n e r s c oul d

e mp ty them more

q u i c k l y ,

we

would need

~ ~

c l e a n e r s , I

b e l i e v e tha t

we

should b eg in u sin g b in l iner s

a s

soon as p o ssi b l e.

Off ice

w A s t e - b i n s

t he se th in gs

to

k i t c h e n .

Th e

l iners

often

have s m a ll hol e s in them,

y o g h u rt

and

l iquid would

l e a k through th e

h o l e s .

As .

resu l t

there would be bad s m e l l s

in

th e

of f i ce we used

liners,

th e

c l e a n e r s wo u ld n t

wash th e

b i n s

.

Also, th ey d c ar ry away th e

r ubbi s h in th e b in in ste a d

of

c ar ry in g th e w a s te b i n s . Yo g h u r t and

l iquid fa l l ont o th e

carpe ts

an d

f l o o r s .

T he r e f or e ,

we bin

l iners .

t h e

of f ice

would

be di r t i e r . Also, yo u .

drrow away

o r

burn

pa pe r .

Burning

plas t i c

i s

bad th e environment.

F in ally , th e l iner s cos t 8p each

an d

. . . e mp lo ye e w o ul d

n e e d

f ive

e ve r y

week. T he r e f or e t would

more th a n

E2

a ye a r f o r

each

employee. My

i s t ha t

we should c on ti nu e w it h th e

p r e s e n t

system

.

3 Checking comprehension

[fyou

did the exercises successfully, you must

have undersfOod enough

of

the

C1Tguments

However, look

through

the Iwo reports and

find words with these meanings.

A British English word.

Th e

Americans

prefer trash .

2 The name for a plastic bag that you

pu t

inside bins.

therefore

o sum

up

because

of

so

that

as

a result

84


86/88

CASE STUDY

3 A

word that means

the

same

as

half-full.

4 Ageneral word for things like water, cola,

milk, fruit juice, disinfectanl.

5

When iron and steel are wet for a long

time, the) go red. The adjective which

means this.

6

They re made of

\ 001

or nylon and you

put them

on

the floor inside

a

building.

7 A verb which you use when liquid comes

through a container accidclltallr.

4

Who do you agree with?

Write a sentence which begins:

I

n r

with Shnroll I

Dalliel)

because

Alistair Marriot, Managing Director

You n all made very good arguments, and I d like

to thank you for your points

of

view. There arc

advantages and disadvantages to

all

new ideas, and

I \\ ill be considering the possibilities:

During the discussion, people took different

positions. Which people argued

in

these

ways?

I emolional argument

2 factual and statistical argument

3

legal argument

4

s i l t i n ~

on the fence - the chairperson s

role

check

r you ve finished

cizing

st for discussions

having a discllssion. Can you assess

ilities

in

English? \-\Trite

C-

111 or ?- need more practice.

n you explain your point of vie\

n you disagree \\,ith people s opinions?

n

you use paraphrasing to check

formation?

n

YOllllse paraphrasing

to

explain

your ideas in a different

way?

Can you sum up the main points

of

a

discussion?

Damel Elgm. Systems consultant

67.3 of companies use bin liners, and

1

estimate

a saving

of 7.28

per emploree over

156

weeks,

plus a saving of t\\ o cleaners wages per week.

5 cTit

i

Expressing opinions

fte

Opinions

Bin

liners were discussed at a meeting. These

Skills

were some of the opinions.

Checkli

Sharon Maxwcll.

to the Managing Director

You

are

strongly disagree with lvlr Elgin s idea. I don t

ram

ab

think w

should start using bin liners for

all

the

confide

the reasons I have given in my report, which you

C

have seen.

.....

C

yOI

l

Roz Hardie. Trade

union

op

The

most important point here

is

job losses. How

C

many cleaners do } Oll intend to make rl dundant?

yo

.

cilh.lhe...proposa1

This

is

a

agreement about job losses in the contract of the

.....

C

17th of November 1995, section 2, paragraph 3.

C

in

C

r mm r

check

Florence Mayficld, Cleaner

[ do my best and [ can t do any more. l\ e been

here for

ren

rears and nobody s complained aboUl

my work. I keep the waste bins very clean.

You

can test yourself. Choose the correct

word.

T h c ~ r e

going to (installation inst311ing

insta]]) new machines.

2 I m not Sllfe what happened. She may

-

5 _

-


87/88

UNIT

I HT

(has had have) fainted.

3 I

don t

know

who

he is. He could (to be

being

be) the manager.

4

She had (heard hear hearing) he r

talking

on

the phone.

S That must have (was be been)

expensive.

6

People have more free time nowadays

(because of because so) machines.

7 [took a coat ( because of because

reason) it was cold.

8 Small farms aren t as efficient ( to

from

as) large f:ums.

9 Let me get this straight. You re (saying

telling

said) that you ve found

another

job.

1

I want to know how much their salaries

(are costing costing are do COSI).

1\ Would you like to have

hot

drinks

(whatever

whoever} whenever) you

want during the

day?

\2 lfthey (aren t won t don t) popular,

we won t install them.

\3 We asked for

opinions

(because} as a

result} so tha )

we

could please the

majority

of

people.

14 His

argument

is (because therefore

based on feelings.

15

It

was a nice day. (Contrast

However

Conclusion)

we

didn t go

ou1

16 It s

not

true, i t s just a silly {talk}

rumour}

say).

17

OK, (let let s allow) me get this clear.

You want more money.

18 When we paraphrase, we re saying the

same

thing

in (a different }the same} a

clever)

way

\9

Wc

use

bec use

when

we

are talking

about (reasons contrast gossip).

Becallse is (an adjective

a noun

a link

word).


88/88

Documents

Peter Viney, Karen Viney - Handshake Workbook