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Pear-shaped nuclei. Peter Butler University of Liverpool . Generalised octupole shapes Rotating even-even nuclei Odd electric moments Odd-mass nuclei & EDMs. Reflection Asymmetric Shapes. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Peter Butler
Peter Butler
University of Liverpool
Generalised octupole shapes Rotating even-even nucleiOdd electric momentsOdd-mass nuclei amp EDMs
Pear-shaped nuclei
Peter Butler
If alm is non-zero for odd l then the nuclear shape becomes reflection-asymmetric or pear-shaped
Reflection Asymmetric Shapes
or
Peter Butler
Regions of Enhanced Octupole Correlations
134
88
56
34
220Rn 224226Ra
148Nd
long range multipole-multipole force
Peter Butler
Octupole Collectivity Soft Static Rigid Octupole Deformation Deformation
Peter Butler
Octupole vibrational Octupole deformed
Rotating octupole shapes
0ħ
3ħ
0ħ
3ħ
Peter Butler
Octupole vibrational
Octupole deformed
Actual Behaviour (near the ground state)
JFC Cocks et al PRL 78 (1997) 2920 Nucl Phys A645 (1999) 61
0ħ
3ħ
0ħ
0ħ
3ħ
3ħ
Peter Butler
Electric moments
El moment
Since the El operator is an odd function of r if l is odd the moment is Zero for diagonal matrix elements (unless P T are violated see later)
Non-zero for transition matrix elements if yn has opposite parity to ym
Peter Butler
Macroscopic contribution to E1 moment
= a AZ (charge) ndash b (N-Z) (neutron skin)
= 01 efm for 224Ra
Microscopic contribution to E1 moment
= -01 efm for 224Ra
Electric dipole transitions2
12)0|010(
43)1( QIIEB fi
np ZAZeZ
ANeQ1
Peter Butler
Experimental E1 moments in octupole nuclei
Q1 (
efm
)
ARa
Peter Butler
B(E3 0+ rarr 3-) ~ 30 ndash 50 single particle units for b3 ~ 01
B(E3) transitions
23
2
33
3303
0|03016
7)3(
)(
73
QIIIIEB
f
ZeRQ
fifi
bb
b
To study the ldquobestrdquo candidates for octupole shapes we excite either radioactive targets (eg 226Ra 1600y) or use radioactive beams
Peter Butler
22
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
f
EBEB
aR
EE 4
2
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
ll f
EBEBR
cEE
Coulomb excitation and g-ray decay
60Ni target120Sn target
224RaSpectrum taken with MINIBALL
REX-ISOLDE
Peter Butler
E2 and E3 moments in ldquooctupolerdquo mass region
radioactivebeams
radioactivetargets
octupolevibrational
(1993)
(2013)
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler E2 matrix elements [efm2]
220Rn
224Ra
226RaE3 matrix elements [efm3]
Rotating charged pear-shape
HJ Wollersheim et al NP A556 (1993) 261
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler
Comparison with theory
1 Shneidman et al PRC 67 (2003) 0143132 Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 (2011) 0543023 Rutz et al NP A590 (1995) 6804 Engel et al PRC 68 (2003) 0255015 Nazarewicz et al NP A429 (1984) 269
122345
E2 moments
E3 moments
Peter Butler
The largest B(E3)s
B(E
30+
0- )
(Wu)
Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 054302 (2011)
228U
Peter Butler
PT Greenlees et al J Phys G Nucl Part Phys 24 (1998) L63
Prospects for measuring 226228U
226U
oct deformed
oct vibrational
N=134
Peter Butler
Octupole collectivity in odd-mass nuclei
Large octupole correlationsSmall parity splitting ~ 50 keV
Smaller octupole correlationsLarge parity splitting
M Dahlinger et al Nucl Phys A484 (1988) 337
112+ 112-
132- 132+
172- 172+
152+ 152-
92-92+
72+
52+
Peter Butler
Neutron and Atomic EDM moment Static Electric Dipole Moment implies CP-violation
Schiff Theorem neutral atomic system of point particles in electric field readjusts itself to give zero E field at all chargesBUT finite size and shape of nucleus breaks the symmetry
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler
If alm is non-zero for odd l then the nuclear shape becomes reflection-asymmetric or pear-shaped
Reflection Asymmetric Shapes
or
Peter Butler
Regions of Enhanced Octupole Correlations
134
88
56
34
220Rn 224226Ra
148Nd
long range multipole-multipole force
Peter Butler
Octupole Collectivity Soft Static Rigid Octupole Deformation Deformation
Peter Butler
Octupole vibrational Octupole deformed
Rotating octupole shapes
0ħ
3ħ
0ħ
3ħ
Peter Butler
Octupole vibrational
Octupole deformed
Actual Behaviour (near the ground state)
JFC Cocks et al PRL 78 (1997) 2920 Nucl Phys A645 (1999) 61
0ħ
3ħ
0ħ
0ħ
3ħ
3ħ
Peter Butler
Electric moments
El moment
Since the El operator is an odd function of r if l is odd the moment is Zero for diagonal matrix elements (unless P T are violated see later)
Non-zero for transition matrix elements if yn has opposite parity to ym
Peter Butler
Macroscopic contribution to E1 moment
= a AZ (charge) ndash b (N-Z) (neutron skin)
= 01 efm for 224Ra
Microscopic contribution to E1 moment
= -01 efm for 224Ra
Electric dipole transitions2
12)0|010(
43)1( QIIEB fi
np ZAZeZ
ANeQ1
Peter Butler
Experimental E1 moments in octupole nuclei
Q1 (
efm
)
ARa
Peter Butler
B(E3 0+ rarr 3-) ~ 30 ndash 50 single particle units for b3 ~ 01
B(E3) transitions
23
2
33
3303
0|03016
7)3(
)(
73
QIIIIEB
f
ZeRQ
fifi
bb
b
To study the ldquobestrdquo candidates for octupole shapes we excite either radioactive targets (eg 226Ra 1600y) or use radioactive beams
Peter Butler
22
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
f
EBEB
aR
EE 4
2
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
ll f
EBEBR
cEE
Coulomb excitation and g-ray decay
60Ni target120Sn target
224RaSpectrum taken with MINIBALL
REX-ISOLDE
Peter Butler
E2 and E3 moments in ldquooctupolerdquo mass region
radioactivebeams
radioactivetargets
octupolevibrational
(1993)
(2013)
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler E2 matrix elements [efm2]
220Rn
224Ra
226RaE3 matrix elements [efm3]
Rotating charged pear-shape
HJ Wollersheim et al NP A556 (1993) 261
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler
Comparison with theory
1 Shneidman et al PRC 67 (2003) 0143132 Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 (2011) 0543023 Rutz et al NP A590 (1995) 6804 Engel et al PRC 68 (2003) 0255015 Nazarewicz et al NP A429 (1984) 269
122345
E2 moments
E3 moments
Peter Butler
The largest B(E3)s
B(E
30+
0- )
(Wu)
Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 054302 (2011)
228U
Peter Butler
PT Greenlees et al J Phys G Nucl Part Phys 24 (1998) L63
Prospects for measuring 226228U
226U
oct deformed
oct vibrational
N=134
Peter Butler
Octupole collectivity in odd-mass nuclei
Large octupole correlationsSmall parity splitting ~ 50 keV
Smaller octupole correlationsLarge parity splitting
M Dahlinger et al Nucl Phys A484 (1988) 337
112+ 112-
132- 132+
172- 172+
152+ 152-
92-92+
72+
52+
Peter Butler
Neutron and Atomic EDM moment Static Electric Dipole Moment implies CP-violation
Schiff Theorem neutral atomic system of point particles in electric field readjusts itself to give zero E field at all chargesBUT finite size and shape of nucleus breaks the symmetry
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler
Regions of Enhanced Octupole Correlations
134
88
56
34
220Rn 224226Ra
148Nd
long range multipole-multipole force
Peter Butler
Octupole Collectivity Soft Static Rigid Octupole Deformation Deformation
Peter Butler
Octupole vibrational Octupole deformed
Rotating octupole shapes
0ħ
3ħ
0ħ
3ħ
Peter Butler
Octupole vibrational
Octupole deformed
Actual Behaviour (near the ground state)
JFC Cocks et al PRL 78 (1997) 2920 Nucl Phys A645 (1999) 61
0ħ
3ħ
0ħ
0ħ
3ħ
3ħ
Peter Butler
Electric moments
El moment
Since the El operator is an odd function of r if l is odd the moment is Zero for diagonal matrix elements (unless P T are violated see later)
Non-zero for transition matrix elements if yn has opposite parity to ym
Peter Butler
Macroscopic contribution to E1 moment
= a AZ (charge) ndash b (N-Z) (neutron skin)
= 01 efm for 224Ra
Microscopic contribution to E1 moment
= -01 efm for 224Ra
Electric dipole transitions2
12)0|010(
43)1( QIIEB fi
np ZAZeZ
ANeQ1
Peter Butler
Experimental E1 moments in octupole nuclei
Q1 (
efm
)
ARa
Peter Butler
B(E3 0+ rarr 3-) ~ 30 ndash 50 single particle units for b3 ~ 01
B(E3) transitions
23
2
33
3303
0|03016
7)3(
)(
73
QIIIIEB
f
ZeRQ
fifi
bb
b
To study the ldquobestrdquo candidates for octupole shapes we excite either radioactive targets (eg 226Ra 1600y) or use radioactive beams
Peter Butler
22
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
f
EBEB
aR
EE 4
2
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
ll f
EBEBR
cEE
Coulomb excitation and g-ray decay
60Ni target120Sn target
224RaSpectrum taken with MINIBALL
REX-ISOLDE
Peter Butler
E2 and E3 moments in ldquooctupolerdquo mass region
radioactivebeams
radioactivetargets
octupolevibrational
(1993)
(2013)
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler E2 matrix elements [efm2]
220Rn
224Ra
226RaE3 matrix elements [efm3]
Rotating charged pear-shape
HJ Wollersheim et al NP A556 (1993) 261
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler
Comparison with theory
1 Shneidman et al PRC 67 (2003) 0143132 Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 (2011) 0543023 Rutz et al NP A590 (1995) 6804 Engel et al PRC 68 (2003) 0255015 Nazarewicz et al NP A429 (1984) 269
122345
E2 moments
E3 moments
Peter Butler
The largest B(E3)s
B(E
30+
0- )
(Wu)
Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 054302 (2011)
228U
Peter Butler
PT Greenlees et al J Phys G Nucl Part Phys 24 (1998) L63
Prospects for measuring 226228U
226U
oct deformed
oct vibrational
N=134
Peter Butler
Octupole collectivity in odd-mass nuclei
Large octupole correlationsSmall parity splitting ~ 50 keV
Smaller octupole correlationsLarge parity splitting
M Dahlinger et al Nucl Phys A484 (1988) 337
112+ 112-
132- 132+
172- 172+
152+ 152-
92-92+
72+
52+
Peter Butler
Neutron and Atomic EDM moment Static Electric Dipole Moment implies CP-violation
Schiff Theorem neutral atomic system of point particles in electric field readjusts itself to give zero E field at all chargesBUT finite size and shape of nucleus breaks the symmetry
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler
Octupole Collectivity Soft Static Rigid Octupole Deformation Deformation
Peter Butler
Octupole vibrational Octupole deformed
Rotating octupole shapes
0ħ
3ħ
0ħ
3ħ
Peter Butler
Octupole vibrational
Octupole deformed
Actual Behaviour (near the ground state)
JFC Cocks et al PRL 78 (1997) 2920 Nucl Phys A645 (1999) 61
0ħ
3ħ
0ħ
0ħ
3ħ
3ħ
Peter Butler
Electric moments
El moment
Since the El operator is an odd function of r if l is odd the moment is Zero for diagonal matrix elements (unless P T are violated see later)
Non-zero for transition matrix elements if yn has opposite parity to ym
Peter Butler
Macroscopic contribution to E1 moment
= a AZ (charge) ndash b (N-Z) (neutron skin)
= 01 efm for 224Ra
Microscopic contribution to E1 moment
= -01 efm for 224Ra
Electric dipole transitions2
12)0|010(
43)1( QIIEB fi
np ZAZeZ
ANeQ1
Peter Butler
Experimental E1 moments in octupole nuclei
Q1 (
efm
)
ARa
Peter Butler
B(E3 0+ rarr 3-) ~ 30 ndash 50 single particle units for b3 ~ 01
B(E3) transitions
23
2
33
3303
0|03016
7)3(
)(
73
QIIIIEB
f
ZeRQ
fifi
bb
b
To study the ldquobestrdquo candidates for octupole shapes we excite either radioactive targets (eg 226Ra 1600y) or use radioactive beams
Peter Butler
22
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
f
EBEB
aR
EE 4
2
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
ll f
EBEBR
cEE
Coulomb excitation and g-ray decay
60Ni target120Sn target
224RaSpectrum taken with MINIBALL
REX-ISOLDE
Peter Butler
E2 and E3 moments in ldquooctupolerdquo mass region
radioactivebeams
radioactivetargets
octupolevibrational
(1993)
(2013)
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler E2 matrix elements [efm2]
220Rn
224Ra
226RaE3 matrix elements [efm3]
Rotating charged pear-shape
HJ Wollersheim et al NP A556 (1993) 261
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler
Comparison with theory
1 Shneidman et al PRC 67 (2003) 0143132 Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 (2011) 0543023 Rutz et al NP A590 (1995) 6804 Engel et al PRC 68 (2003) 0255015 Nazarewicz et al NP A429 (1984) 269
122345
E2 moments
E3 moments
Peter Butler
The largest B(E3)s
B(E
30+
0- )
(Wu)
Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 054302 (2011)
228U
Peter Butler
PT Greenlees et al J Phys G Nucl Part Phys 24 (1998) L63
Prospects for measuring 226228U
226U
oct deformed
oct vibrational
N=134
Peter Butler
Octupole collectivity in odd-mass nuclei
Large octupole correlationsSmall parity splitting ~ 50 keV
Smaller octupole correlationsLarge parity splitting
M Dahlinger et al Nucl Phys A484 (1988) 337
112+ 112-
132- 132+
172- 172+
152+ 152-
92-92+
72+
52+
Peter Butler
Neutron and Atomic EDM moment Static Electric Dipole Moment implies CP-violation
Schiff Theorem neutral atomic system of point particles in electric field readjusts itself to give zero E field at all chargesBUT finite size and shape of nucleus breaks the symmetry
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler
Octupole vibrational Octupole deformed
Rotating octupole shapes
0ħ
3ħ
0ħ
3ħ
Peter Butler
Octupole vibrational
Octupole deformed
Actual Behaviour (near the ground state)
JFC Cocks et al PRL 78 (1997) 2920 Nucl Phys A645 (1999) 61
0ħ
3ħ
0ħ
0ħ
3ħ
3ħ
Peter Butler
Electric moments
El moment
Since the El operator is an odd function of r if l is odd the moment is Zero for diagonal matrix elements (unless P T are violated see later)
Non-zero for transition matrix elements if yn has opposite parity to ym
Peter Butler
Macroscopic contribution to E1 moment
= a AZ (charge) ndash b (N-Z) (neutron skin)
= 01 efm for 224Ra
Microscopic contribution to E1 moment
= -01 efm for 224Ra
Electric dipole transitions2
12)0|010(
43)1( QIIEB fi
np ZAZeZ
ANeQ1
Peter Butler
Experimental E1 moments in octupole nuclei
Q1 (
efm
)
ARa
Peter Butler
B(E3 0+ rarr 3-) ~ 30 ndash 50 single particle units for b3 ~ 01
B(E3) transitions
23
2
33
3303
0|03016
7)3(
)(
73
QIIIIEB
f
ZeRQ
fifi
bb
b
To study the ldquobestrdquo candidates for octupole shapes we excite either radioactive targets (eg 226Ra 1600y) or use radioactive beams
Peter Butler
22
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
f
EBEB
aR
EE 4
2
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
ll f
EBEBR
cEE
Coulomb excitation and g-ray decay
60Ni target120Sn target
224RaSpectrum taken with MINIBALL
REX-ISOLDE
Peter Butler
E2 and E3 moments in ldquooctupolerdquo mass region
radioactivebeams
radioactivetargets
octupolevibrational
(1993)
(2013)
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler E2 matrix elements [efm2]
220Rn
224Ra
226RaE3 matrix elements [efm3]
Rotating charged pear-shape
HJ Wollersheim et al NP A556 (1993) 261
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler
Comparison with theory
1 Shneidman et al PRC 67 (2003) 0143132 Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 (2011) 0543023 Rutz et al NP A590 (1995) 6804 Engel et al PRC 68 (2003) 0255015 Nazarewicz et al NP A429 (1984) 269
122345
E2 moments
E3 moments
Peter Butler
The largest B(E3)s
B(E
30+
0- )
(Wu)
Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 054302 (2011)
228U
Peter Butler
PT Greenlees et al J Phys G Nucl Part Phys 24 (1998) L63
Prospects for measuring 226228U
226U
oct deformed
oct vibrational
N=134
Peter Butler
Octupole collectivity in odd-mass nuclei
Large octupole correlationsSmall parity splitting ~ 50 keV
Smaller octupole correlationsLarge parity splitting
M Dahlinger et al Nucl Phys A484 (1988) 337
112+ 112-
132- 132+
172- 172+
152+ 152-
92-92+
72+
52+
Peter Butler
Neutron and Atomic EDM moment Static Electric Dipole Moment implies CP-violation
Schiff Theorem neutral atomic system of point particles in electric field readjusts itself to give zero E field at all chargesBUT finite size and shape of nucleus breaks the symmetry
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler
Octupole vibrational
Octupole deformed
Actual Behaviour (near the ground state)
JFC Cocks et al PRL 78 (1997) 2920 Nucl Phys A645 (1999) 61
0ħ
3ħ
0ħ
0ħ
3ħ
3ħ
Peter Butler
Electric moments
El moment
Since the El operator is an odd function of r if l is odd the moment is Zero for diagonal matrix elements (unless P T are violated see later)
Non-zero for transition matrix elements if yn has opposite parity to ym
Peter Butler
Macroscopic contribution to E1 moment
= a AZ (charge) ndash b (N-Z) (neutron skin)
= 01 efm for 224Ra
Microscopic contribution to E1 moment
= -01 efm for 224Ra
Electric dipole transitions2
12)0|010(
43)1( QIIEB fi
np ZAZeZ
ANeQ1
Peter Butler
Experimental E1 moments in octupole nuclei
Q1 (
efm
)
ARa
Peter Butler
B(E3 0+ rarr 3-) ~ 30 ndash 50 single particle units for b3 ~ 01
B(E3) transitions
23
2
33
3303
0|03016
7)3(
)(
73
QIIIIEB
f
ZeRQ
fifi
bb
b
To study the ldquobestrdquo candidates for octupole shapes we excite either radioactive targets (eg 226Ra 1600y) or use radioactive beams
Peter Butler
22
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
f
EBEB
aR
EE 4
2
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
ll f
EBEBR
cEE
Coulomb excitation and g-ray decay
60Ni target120Sn target
224RaSpectrum taken with MINIBALL
REX-ISOLDE
Peter Butler
E2 and E3 moments in ldquooctupolerdquo mass region
radioactivebeams
radioactivetargets
octupolevibrational
(1993)
(2013)
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler E2 matrix elements [efm2]
220Rn
224Ra
226RaE3 matrix elements [efm3]
Rotating charged pear-shape
HJ Wollersheim et al NP A556 (1993) 261
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler
Comparison with theory
1 Shneidman et al PRC 67 (2003) 0143132 Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 (2011) 0543023 Rutz et al NP A590 (1995) 6804 Engel et al PRC 68 (2003) 0255015 Nazarewicz et al NP A429 (1984) 269
122345
E2 moments
E3 moments
Peter Butler
The largest B(E3)s
B(E
30+
0- )
(Wu)
Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 054302 (2011)
228U
Peter Butler
PT Greenlees et al J Phys G Nucl Part Phys 24 (1998) L63
Prospects for measuring 226228U
226U
oct deformed
oct vibrational
N=134
Peter Butler
Octupole collectivity in odd-mass nuclei
Large octupole correlationsSmall parity splitting ~ 50 keV
Smaller octupole correlationsLarge parity splitting
M Dahlinger et al Nucl Phys A484 (1988) 337
112+ 112-
132- 132+
172- 172+
152+ 152-
92-92+
72+
52+
Peter Butler
Neutron and Atomic EDM moment Static Electric Dipole Moment implies CP-violation
Schiff Theorem neutral atomic system of point particles in electric field readjusts itself to give zero E field at all chargesBUT finite size and shape of nucleus breaks the symmetry
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler
Electric moments
El moment
Since the El operator is an odd function of r if l is odd the moment is Zero for diagonal matrix elements (unless P T are violated see later)
Non-zero for transition matrix elements if yn has opposite parity to ym
Peter Butler
Macroscopic contribution to E1 moment
= a AZ (charge) ndash b (N-Z) (neutron skin)
= 01 efm for 224Ra
Microscopic contribution to E1 moment
= -01 efm for 224Ra
Electric dipole transitions2
12)0|010(
43)1( QIIEB fi
np ZAZeZ
ANeQ1
Peter Butler
Experimental E1 moments in octupole nuclei
Q1 (
efm
)
ARa
Peter Butler
B(E3 0+ rarr 3-) ~ 30 ndash 50 single particle units for b3 ~ 01
B(E3) transitions
23
2
33
3303
0|03016
7)3(
)(
73
QIIIIEB
f
ZeRQ
fifi
bb
b
To study the ldquobestrdquo candidates for octupole shapes we excite either radioactive targets (eg 226Ra 1600y) or use radioactive beams
Peter Butler
22
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
f
EBEB
aR
EE 4
2
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
ll f
EBEBR
cEE
Coulomb excitation and g-ray decay
60Ni target120Sn target
224RaSpectrum taken with MINIBALL
REX-ISOLDE
Peter Butler
E2 and E3 moments in ldquooctupolerdquo mass region
radioactivebeams
radioactivetargets
octupolevibrational
(1993)
(2013)
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler E2 matrix elements [efm2]
220Rn
224Ra
226RaE3 matrix elements [efm3]
Rotating charged pear-shape
HJ Wollersheim et al NP A556 (1993) 261
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler
Comparison with theory
1 Shneidman et al PRC 67 (2003) 0143132 Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 (2011) 0543023 Rutz et al NP A590 (1995) 6804 Engel et al PRC 68 (2003) 0255015 Nazarewicz et al NP A429 (1984) 269
122345
E2 moments
E3 moments
Peter Butler
The largest B(E3)s
B(E
30+
0- )
(Wu)
Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 054302 (2011)
228U
Peter Butler
PT Greenlees et al J Phys G Nucl Part Phys 24 (1998) L63
Prospects for measuring 226228U
226U
oct deformed
oct vibrational
N=134
Peter Butler
Octupole collectivity in odd-mass nuclei
Large octupole correlationsSmall parity splitting ~ 50 keV
Smaller octupole correlationsLarge parity splitting
M Dahlinger et al Nucl Phys A484 (1988) 337
112+ 112-
132- 132+
172- 172+
152+ 152-
92-92+
72+
52+
Peter Butler
Neutron and Atomic EDM moment Static Electric Dipole Moment implies CP-violation
Schiff Theorem neutral atomic system of point particles in electric field readjusts itself to give zero E field at all chargesBUT finite size and shape of nucleus breaks the symmetry
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler
Macroscopic contribution to E1 moment
= a AZ (charge) ndash b (N-Z) (neutron skin)
= 01 efm for 224Ra
Microscopic contribution to E1 moment
= -01 efm for 224Ra
Electric dipole transitions2
12)0|010(
43)1( QIIEB fi
np ZAZeZ
ANeQ1
Peter Butler
Experimental E1 moments in octupole nuclei
Q1 (
efm
)
ARa
Peter Butler
B(E3 0+ rarr 3-) ~ 30 ndash 50 single particle units for b3 ~ 01
B(E3) transitions
23
2
33
3303
0|03016
7)3(
)(
73
QIIIIEB
f
ZeRQ
fifi
bb
b
To study the ldquobestrdquo candidates for octupole shapes we excite either radioactive targets (eg 226Ra 1600y) or use radioactive beams
Peter Butler
22
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
f
EBEB
aR
EE 4
2
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
ll f
EBEBR
cEE
Coulomb excitation and g-ray decay
60Ni target120Sn target
224RaSpectrum taken with MINIBALL
REX-ISOLDE
Peter Butler
E2 and E3 moments in ldquooctupolerdquo mass region
radioactivebeams
radioactivetargets
octupolevibrational
(1993)
(2013)
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler E2 matrix elements [efm2]
220Rn
224Ra
226RaE3 matrix elements [efm3]
Rotating charged pear-shape
HJ Wollersheim et al NP A556 (1993) 261
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler
Comparison with theory
1 Shneidman et al PRC 67 (2003) 0143132 Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 (2011) 0543023 Rutz et al NP A590 (1995) 6804 Engel et al PRC 68 (2003) 0255015 Nazarewicz et al NP A429 (1984) 269
122345
E2 moments
E3 moments
Peter Butler
The largest B(E3)s
B(E
30+
0- )
(Wu)
Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 054302 (2011)
228U
Peter Butler
PT Greenlees et al J Phys G Nucl Part Phys 24 (1998) L63
Prospects for measuring 226228U
226U
oct deformed
oct vibrational
N=134
Peter Butler
Octupole collectivity in odd-mass nuclei
Large octupole correlationsSmall parity splitting ~ 50 keV
Smaller octupole correlationsLarge parity splitting
M Dahlinger et al Nucl Phys A484 (1988) 337
112+ 112-
132- 132+
172- 172+
152+ 152-
92-92+
72+
52+
Peter Butler
Neutron and Atomic EDM moment Static Electric Dipole Moment implies CP-violation
Schiff Theorem neutral atomic system of point particles in electric field readjusts itself to give zero E field at all chargesBUT finite size and shape of nucleus breaks the symmetry
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler
Experimental E1 moments in octupole nuclei
Q1 (
efm
)
ARa
Peter Butler
B(E3 0+ rarr 3-) ~ 30 ndash 50 single particle units for b3 ~ 01
B(E3) transitions
23
2
33
3303
0|03016
7)3(
)(
73
QIIIIEB
f
ZeRQ
fifi
bb
b
To study the ldquobestrdquo candidates for octupole shapes we excite either radioactive targets (eg 226Ra 1600y) or use radioactive beams
Peter Butler
22
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
f
EBEB
aR
EE 4
2
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
ll f
EBEBR
cEE
Coulomb excitation and g-ray decay
60Ni target120Sn target
224RaSpectrum taken with MINIBALL
REX-ISOLDE
Peter Butler
E2 and E3 moments in ldquooctupolerdquo mass region
radioactivebeams
radioactivetargets
octupolevibrational
(1993)
(2013)
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler E2 matrix elements [efm2]
220Rn
224Ra
226RaE3 matrix elements [efm3]
Rotating charged pear-shape
HJ Wollersheim et al NP A556 (1993) 261
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler
Comparison with theory
1 Shneidman et al PRC 67 (2003) 0143132 Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 (2011) 0543023 Rutz et al NP A590 (1995) 6804 Engel et al PRC 68 (2003) 0255015 Nazarewicz et al NP A429 (1984) 269
122345
E2 moments
E3 moments
Peter Butler
The largest B(E3)s
B(E
30+
0- )
(Wu)
Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 054302 (2011)
228U
Peter Butler
PT Greenlees et al J Phys G Nucl Part Phys 24 (1998) L63
Prospects for measuring 226228U
226U
oct deformed
oct vibrational
N=134
Peter Butler
Octupole collectivity in odd-mass nuclei
Large octupole correlationsSmall parity splitting ~ 50 keV
Smaller octupole correlationsLarge parity splitting
M Dahlinger et al Nucl Phys A484 (1988) 337
112+ 112-
132- 132+
172- 172+
152+ 152-
92-92+
72+
52+
Peter Butler
Neutron and Atomic EDM moment Static Electric Dipole Moment implies CP-violation
Schiff Theorem neutral atomic system of point particles in electric field readjusts itself to give zero E field at all chargesBUT finite size and shape of nucleus breaks the symmetry
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler
B(E3 0+ rarr 3-) ~ 30 ndash 50 single particle units for b3 ~ 01
B(E3) transitions
23
2
33
3303
0|03016
7)3(
)(
73
QIIIIEB
f
ZeRQ
fifi
bb
b
To study the ldquobestrdquo candidates for octupole shapes we excite either radioactive targets (eg 226Ra 1600y) or use radioactive beams
Peter Butler
22
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
f
EBEB
aR
EE 4
2
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
ll f
EBEBR
cEE
Coulomb excitation and g-ray decay
60Ni target120Sn target
224RaSpectrum taken with MINIBALL
REX-ISOLDE
Peter Butler
E2 and E3 moments in ldquooctupolerdquo mass region
radioactivebeams
radioactivetargets
octupolevibrational
(1993)
(2013)
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler E2 matrix elements [efm2]
220Rn
224Ra
226RaE3 matrix elements [efm3]
Rotating charged pear-shape
HJ Wollersheim et al NP A556 (1993) 261
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler
Comparison with theory
1 Shneidman et al PRC 67 (2003) 0143132 Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 (2011) 0543023 Rutz et al NP A590 (1995) 6804 Engel et al PRC 68 (2003) 0255015 Nazarewicz et al NP A429 (1984) 269
122345
E2 moments
E3 moments
Peter Butler
The largest B(E3)s
B(E
30+
0- )
(Wu)
Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 054302 (2011)
228U
Peter Butler
PT Greenlees et al J Phys G Nucl Part Phys 24 (1998) L63
Prospects for measuring 226228U
226U
oct deformed
oct vibrational
N=134
Peter Butler
Octupole collectivity in odd-mass nuclei
Large octupole correlationsSmall parity splitting ~ 50 keV
Smaller octupole correlationsLarge parity splitting
M Dahlinger et al Nucl Phys A484 (1988) 337
112+ 112-
132- 132+
172- 172+
152+ 152-
92-92+
72+
52+
Peter Butler
Neutron and Atomic EDM moment Static Electric Dipole Moment implies CP-violation
Schiff Theorem neutral atomic system of point particles in electric field readjusts itself to give zero E field at all chargesBUT finite size and shape of nucleus breaks the symmetry
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler
22
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
f
EBEB
aR
EE 4
2
0 10)2()3(
)2()3(
ll f
EBEBR
cEE
Coulomb excitation and g-ray decay
60Ni target120Sn target
224RaSpectrum taken with MINIBALL
REX-ISOLDE
Peter Butler
E2 and E3 moments in ldquooctupolerdquo mass region
radioactivebeams
radioactivetargets
octupolevibrational
(1993)
(2013)
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler E2 matrix elements [efm2]
220Rn
224Ra
226RaE3 matrix elements [efm3]
Rotating charged pear-shape
HJ Wollersheim et al NP A556 (1993) 261
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler
Comparison with theory
1 Shneidman et al PRC 67 (2003) 0143132 Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 (2011) 0543023 Rutz et al NP A590 (1995) 6804 Engel et al PRC 68 (2003) 0255015 Nazarewicz et al NP A429 (1984) 269
122345
E2 moments
E3 moments
Peter Butler
The largest B(E3)s
B(E
30+
0- )
(Wu)
Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 054302 (2011)
228U
Peter Butler
PT Greenlees et al J Phys G Nucl Part Phys 24 (1998) L63
Prospects for measuring 226228U
226U
oct deformed
oct vibrational
N=134
Peter Butler
Octupole collectivity in odd-mass nuclei
Large octupole correlationsSmall parity splitting ~ 50 keV
Smaller octupole correlationsLarge parity splitting
M Dahlinger et al Nucl Phys A484 (1988) 337
112+ 112-
132- 132+
172- 172+
152+ 152-
92-92+
72+
52+
Peter Butler
Neutron and Atomic EDM moment Static Electric Dipole Moment implies CP-violation
Schiff Theorem neutral atomic system of point particles in electric field readjusts itself to give zero E field at all chargesBUT finite size and shape of nucleus breaks the symmetry
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler
E2 and E3 moments in ldquooctupolerdquo mass region
radioactivebeams
radioactivetargets
octupolevibrational
(1993)
(2013)
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler E2 matrix elements [efm2]
220Rn
224Ra
226RaE3 matrix elements [efm3]
Rotating charged pear-shape
HJ Wollersheim et al NP A556 (1993) 261
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler
Comparison with theory
1 Shneidman et al PRC 67 (2003) 0143132 Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 (2011) 0543023 Rutz et al NP A590 (1995) 6804 Engel et al PRC 68 (2003) 0255015 Nazarewicz et al NP A429 (1984) 269
122345
E2 moments
E3 moments
Peter Butler
The largest B(E3)s
B(E
30+
0- )
(Wu)
Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 054302 (2011)
228U
Peter Butler
PT Greenlees et al J Phys G Nucl Part Phys 24 (1998) L63
Prospects for measuring 226228U
226U
oct deformed
oct vibrational
N=134
Peter Butler
Octupole collectivity in odd-mass nuclei
Large octupole correlationsSmall parity splitting ~ 50 keV
Smaller octupole correlationsLarge parity splitting
M Dahlinger et al Nucl Phys A484 (1988) 337
112+ 112-
132- 132+
172- 172+
152+ 152-
92-92+
72+
52+
Peter Butler
Neutron and Atomic EDM moment Static Electric Dipole Moment implies CP-violation
Schiff Theorem neutral atomic system of point particles in electric field readjusts itself to give zero E field at all chargesBUT finite size and shape of nucleus breaks the symmetry
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler E2 matrix elements [efm2]
220Rn
224Ra
226RaE3 matrix elements [efm3]
Rotating charged pear-shape
HJ Wollersheim et al NP A556 (1993) 261
LP Gaffney et al Nature 497 (2013) 199
Peter Butler
Comparison with theory
1 Shneidman et al PRC 67 (2003) 0143132 Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 (2011) 0543023 Rutz et al NP A590 (1995) 6804 Engel et al PRC 68 (2003) 0255015 Nazarewicz et al NP A429 (1984) 269
122345
E2 moments
E3 moments
Peter Butler
The largest B(E3)s
B(E
30+
0- )
(Wu)
Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 054302 (2011)
228U
Peter Butler
PT Greenlees et al J Phys G Nucl Part Phys 24 (1998) L63
Prospects for measuring 226228U
226U
oct deformed
oct vibrational
N=134
Peter Butler
Octupole collectivity in odd-mass nuclei
Large octupole correlationsSmall parity splitting ~ 50 keV
Smaller octupole correlationsLarge parity splitting
M Dahlinger et al Nucl Phys A484 (1988) 337
112+ 112-
132- 132+
172- 172+
152+ 152-
92-92+
72+
52+
Peter Butler
Neutron and Atomic EDM moment Static Electric Dipole Moment implies CP-violation
Schiff Theorem neutral atomic system of point particles in electric field readjusts itself to give zero E field at all chargesBUT finite size and shape of nucleus breaks the symmetry
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler
Comparison with theory
1 Shneidman et al PRC 67 (2003) 0143132 Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 (2011) 0543023 Rutz et al NP A590 (1995) 6804 Engel et al PRC 68 (2003) 0255015 Nazarewicz et al NP A429 (1984) 269
122345
E2 moments
E3 moments
Peter Butler
The largest B(E3)s
B(E
30+
0- )
(Wu)
Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 054302 (2011)
228U
Peter Butler
PT Greenlees et al J Phys G Nucl Part Phys 24 (1998) L63
Prospects for measuring 226228U
226U
oct deformed
oct vibrational
N=134
Peter Butler
Octupole collectivity in odd-mass nuclei
Large octupole correlationsSmall parity splitting ~ 50 keV
Smaller octupole correlationsLarge parity splitting
M Dahlinger et al Nucl Phys A484 (1988) 337
112+ 112-
132- 132+
172- 172+
152+ 152-
92-92+
72+
52+
Peter Butler
Neutron and Atomic EDM moment Static Electric Dipole Moment implies CP-violation
Schiff Theorem neutral atomic system of point particles in electric field readjusts itself to give zero E field at all chargesBUT finite size and shape of nucleus breaks the symmetry
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler
The largest B(E3)s
B(E
30+
0- )
(Wu)
Robledo amp Bertsch PRC 84 054302 (2011)
228U
Peter Butler
PT Greenlees et al J Phys G Nucl Part Phys 24 (1998) L63
Prospects for measuring 226228U
226U
oct deformed
oct vibrational
N=134
Peter Butler
Octupole collectivity in odd-mass nuclei
Large octupole correlationsSmall parity splitting ~ 50 keV
Smaller octupole correlationsLarge parity splitting
M Dahlinger et al Nucl Phys A484 (1988) 337
112+ 112-
132- 132+
172- 172+
152+ 152-
92-92+
72+
52+
Peter Butler
Neutron and Atomic EDM moment Static Electric Dipole Moment implies CP-violation
Schiff Theorem neutral atomic system of point particles in electric field readjusts itself to give zero E field at all chargesBUT finite size and shape of nucleus breaks the symmetry
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler
PT Greenlees et al J Phys G Nucl Part Phys 24 (1998) L63
Prospects for measuring 226228U
226U
oct deformed
oct vibrational
N=134
Peter Butler
Octupole collectivity in odd-mass nuclei
Large octupole correlationsSmall parity splitting ~ 50 keV
Smaller octupole correlationsLarge parity splitting
M Dahlinger et al Nucl Phys A484 (1988) 337
112+ 112-
132- 132+
172- 172+
152+ 152-
92-92+
72+
52+
Peter Butler
Neutron and Atomic EDM moment Static Electric Dipole Moment implies CP-violation
Schiff Theorem neutral atomic system of point particles in electric field readjusts itself to give zero E field at all chargesBUT finite size and shape of nucleus breaks the symmetry
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler
Octupole collectivity in odd-mass nuclei
Large octupole correlationsSmall parity splitting ~ 50 keV
Smaller octupole correlationsLarge parity splitting
M Dahlinger et al Nucl Phys A484 (1988) 337
112+ 112-
132- 132+
172- 172+
152+ 152-
92-92+
72+
52+
Peter Butler
Neutron and Atomic EDM moment Static Electric Dipole Moment implies CP-violation
Schiff Theorem neutral atomic system of point particles in electric field readjusts itself to give zero E field at all chargesBUT finite size and shape of nucleus breaks the symmetry
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler
Neutron and Atomic EDM moment Static Electric Dipole Moment implies CP-violation
Schiff Theorem neutral atomic system of point particles in electric field readjusts itself to give zero E field at all chargesBUT finite size and shape of nucleus breaks the symmetry
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler
EVS
JJS PTz
ˆˆ
12
related to Q3 PT-violating n-n interaction
energy splitting of parity doublet
Schiff moment
Octupole enhanced atomic EDM moment
Schiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei
224Ra
SKOL 219221Rn inferior to 223225Ra
See Next Talk
J Dobaczewski (Trento 2010)
V Spevak N Auerbach and VV Flambaum PR C 56 (1997) 1357
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
Peter Butler
SummaryStrong circumstantial evidence that some nuclei are pear-shaped
Best evidence comes from behaviour of energy levels and B(E3)s Wide discrepancy of theories for this quantity
Odd mass octupole-deformed nuclei offer greatly increased sensitivity for EDM searches
CERN-ISOLDE Technische Universitaumlt Darmstadt University of Edinburgh GANIL University of Jyvaumlskylauml Universitaumlt zu Koumlln KU Leuven Laboratory Lawrence Livermore NL University of Liverpool
University of Lund Universidad Autoacutenoma de MadridUniversity of Michigan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaumlt and Technische Universitaumlt MuumlnchenSCK CEN University of Rochester University of Warsaw Heavy Ion LabUniversity of York
ldquoLast yearrsquos discovery has left the scientists there a little deflated because the Higgs has turned out to be a boring just-as-they-predicted kind of particle The nucleus of the radium atom on the other hand is much more interestingrdquo
![Peter Butler Pioneer of 1853 compiled by Stephenie Flora ... · buried in Butler Davidson Cemetery, Monmouth, Polk County, Oregon m. Rachel Cook Murphy [pioneer of 1853] b. 12 Apr](https://img.pdfslide.us/doc/110x75/5f5465701cd521345f258ca2/peter-butler-pioneer-of-1853-compiled-by-stephenie-flora-buried-in-butler-davidson.jpg)
