Pest Summit 2016 Presentation - ChowYangLee · Integrated Pest Management Approaches to Increase Productivity and Reducing Pesticide Exposure Chow-Yang Lee Universiti Sains Malaysia

Integrated Pest Management Approaches to Increase

Productivity and Reducing Pesticide Exposure

Chow-Yang LeeUniversiti Sains Malaysia http://chowyang.com

Introduction• Over the past 30 years, pest management activity has been growing

rapidly in SE Asia over the past 20 years.

• Conventional pest control relies heavily on the use of pesticides. More than 95% of pesticides applied did not reach its targeted organisms.

• (1) accumulation of toxic residues (urban run-off, etc)

• (2) Impact on non-target organisms.

• (3) pesticide resistance.

• (4) occurrence of secondary pests.

• (5) pest resurgence. • Besides the ecological and biotic issues, irresponsible use of

pesticides may also lead to other economic and social consequences.

Conventional treatment

• Relying solely on the use of pesticides.

• Routine treatment - even when it is absolutely not necessary to treat.

• No consideration on pest population.

Examples of conventional treatments

• Residual sprays.

• Misting.

• Thermal fogging.

• Dusting.

Pest Summit 2016 Presentation - ChowYangLee - 20 August 2016

Impacts of conventional treatments

• Insecticide resistance.

• Urban runs off - pesticide contamination and impact on non-target organisms.

Urban run-off - pesticide contamination and affecting non-target organisms


Pesticide dilemma

No pests in human

environment

No pesticide in human

environment

Important Pests in the Urban Environment in South East Asia

Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

• A pest management process that is designed through regular inspections, planning strategies and making decisions, treatment(s), evaluation and reevaluation, and inspection again.

• Emerged from the agriculture setting.


Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

• Direct adoption of agricultural IPM into the urban ecosystem - not possible.

• Urban ecosystem - uniquely different from the agroecosystem - more challenging - multiple interacting factors.

Pest Status and Aesthetic Injury

• The pest status for an organism in the urban environment is because of its presence in-and-around the living space, and solely based on an intolerance of its presence, or because of a real or perceived medical threat.

• Unlike agricultural IPM where yield loss is often the primary measure to initiate a treatment, IPM in an urban setting makes decision to treat based on aesthetic, medical or even economic injury level that may vary with the pest involved, as well as time and location.

Integrated Pest Management in the Urban Environment

• Embrace the concept of ‘Integrated Pest Management’ (IPM), but with components feasible for the urban settings.

• Concentrates on inspection, maximizing their efforts on prevention, rather than cure.

• Emphasizes on ‘protecting’ the human life, buildings and structures, and the landscapes.

• Promotes responsible use of pesticides, only use them as and when they are absolutely required.

An IPM programme shall involve….

Pest identificationInspectionDecision-makingSanitation & EducationTreatmentPost-treatment monitoring and followup


Inspection/Monitoring• Inspection - key activity in any integrated pest

management program. • Information obtained - help in deciding

whether a treatment is required, and the treatment method.

• Reduce unnecessary treatments (especially pesticides).

• New technologies in inspection.

http://www.altstudio.com.au/dtec/images/inspection2_sml.jpg

http://www.sitapest.com/img/termatrac.jpg

Source: John Ho, Aardwolf Pestkare

http://pestcemetery.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Picture-15.png

Source reduction and habitat modification

http://www.tnhealth.org/dphfacts/image004.jpg

Sanitation is a crucial factor for successful pest management….

• Good sanitation WILL NOT guarantee your premises to be pest-free.

• However, good sanitation will guarantee the performance of the treatment that eventually lead to the success of the pest management programme.

A single kernel of wheat (35 mg) can support development of......

3

21

1

Red flour beetle

Sawtooth grain beetle

Pyralid moth


Pest proofing and building design

http://www.shurkill.com/images/large/sealing-wall-crack.jpghttp://www.ridacritter.com/Images/gallery/

dam/animal_exclusion_atlanta2.jpg

http://ohmyapt.apartmentratings.com/images/caulk.jpghttp://www.absolutewildlife.com/

sitebuilder/images/Misc._136-390x307.jpg http://foodquality.wfp.org/Portals/0/rat%20proof%20door.jpg

Physical Removal (eg. vacuuming, trapping)

http://media.thestar.topscms.com/images/0f/d1/70b39a16445bbe3ab3b9d5d35852.jpeg

http://chriswgale.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834523b8769e2011168959bdb970c-800wi

http://www.gemplers.com/img/fly-trap-glue-127498.jpg

Consultation with stakeholders

• Limited awareness, coordination and lack of cooperation among the stakeholders, especially between the one doing the job, the one paying for it, and the one owing the premises.

• Other stakeholders must UNDERSTAND that to achieve successful pest management requires the cooperation from all parties.

• The pest management professionals are hired to protect properties from pests, and not to spray!

Preferred treatment strategies


Baiting, Limited Barrier Treatment, etc

http://www.fogmaster.com.my/termiteinterceptionbaitingsys.htm

Biopesticides, Bioagent, and Insect Growth Regulators

http://www.botanypictures.com/plantimages/azadirachta%20indica%2002%20(neem%20tree).jpg

http://www.mddep.gouv.qc.ca/pesticides/virus-nil/bti/fig4.png

Physical Barrier/Air curtain/Light trap

http://img.diytrade.com/cdimg/597461/4191728/0/1188018636/Folded_Portable_Mosquito_Net_Canopy.jpg

http://cloud.lbox.me/images/v/200909/nuef1253159027000.jpg

Physical Control Methods (eg. heat, cold, CO2, O3)

http://imgs.sfgate.com/c/pictures/2003/08/30/ho_heattreatment.jpg

http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/ent/notes/Urban/images/heat1.jpg

http://www.aardwolfo-three.com/biosecurity.asp

https://sites.google.com/site/ukcryoniteinsectcontrol/_/rsrc/1269018159681/home/bigcheese_A129_645.jpg?

height=212&width=320

http://terminixwestmich.pestconnect.com/upload/88/images/tech%20with%20rapid%20freeze%20between

%20beds.jpg


Integrated Pest Management

• Today, IPM is a reliable approach practiced especially by pest management professionals in the more progressive companies.

• In spite of all the benefits, surveys have shown that it has yet to be a popular practice among the practitioners in Southeast Asia.

Why?

Understanding of IPM• Not knowing what IPM is.

• Many actually think IPM is integrating a few methods of control.

• Some even think that by mixing several insecticides together and apply, they are doing IPM.

• Needs IPM education.

How much would you pay for a massage service?


S$20

S$100

S$200

S$1000

S$50

What about a brand new iPhone 6s or 6s Plus?

S$1388 for a new 128 GB iPhone 6s!

Why not S$50?

Perception on service• Marketing pest management service is just like any

service oriented jobs - skills and workmanship.

• Skill cannot be appreciated until the actual job is done.

• When your clients pay you an X amount of $$$ to solve his/her pest problems, they are aware that you will make a profit from that $$$.

• But they are not sure how much you will be making.


• Because of this uncertainty (and furthermore getting rid of pests may not be their main priority), it makes them reluctant and will bargain for a lower price, or seek other quotes for better prices.

• Hence a more expensive IPM-based programme would be less competitive, than a conventional treatment and therefore has poor client acceptance.

Perception on serviceUnlike a product that could be seen or held which your clients will have an idea of a price tag range,

services like pest management could only be appreciated after the actual task is completed.

How could a pest management service achieve a certain competitive price tag

even before even a service is performed

• Branding – returned customers (under promise, overdeliver), advertisement, niche, etc.

• Industry standards and policy – important role to be played by governments and pest management associations.

Famous service-oriented providers

Airlines Insecticide testing Hotels

Slimming Medical treatment Cloud storage


Is IPM more expensive and time consuming than

conventional treatment?

Maybe (although not necessary) in short-term. However in the long-run,

it could be comparable in time as well as cost, or even cheaper!

Case Study 1(Sever et al. 2007)

• Found IPM to be cheaper.

• German cockroach control in homes.

• An average of US$281 per home for 12 months which involves trapping, counting and bait placements (IPM).

• On the hand, it costs US$475 per home for the same period when using conventional sprays.

• IPM reduced cockroach population by more than 90% compared to conventional sprays that only maintained reduction rate of ~50%.


Case Study 2(Penang, 1999 - 2000)

• Against 9 insecticide-resistant field populations of the German cockroach (resistant to propoxur, deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos)

• Carried out in kitchens in restaurants and hotels.

• Comparing conventional treatment (sprays using Fendona containing alpha-cypermethrin) (3 populations) versus IPM method using Siege gel bait (containing hydramethylnon) (3 populations), and Goliath gel bait (containing fipronil) (3 populations) and involving monitoring.

Treatment areasPremises Size (m2) Type Treatment No. treatments

in 3 months period

BBR 86.3 Hotel kitchen Fendona 3

May 75.4 Restaurant Fendona 3MT 285.6 Hotel kitchen Fendona 6

COPT 309.6 Hotel kitchen Goliath 1

PG 102.7 Club kitchen Goliath 1SUN 90.0 Restaurant Goliath 1

CB 62.5 Hotel kitchen Siege 1NZR 24.5 Restaurant Siege 1

PRPG 161.3 Hotel kitchen Siege 1

ResultsPremises Treatment Reduction

at 1-week

(%)

Reduction at

4 week (%)

Reduction at

8 weeks (%)

Reduction at

12 weeks (%)

BBR Fendona 35 40 55 46May Fendona -480 -65 -90 -150

MT* Fendona -15 20 24 55COPT Goliath 97 91 95 88

PG Goliath 83 80 86 88SUN Goliath 90 85 79 60CB Siege 94 81 85 88

NZR Siege N/A 91 93 99PRPG Siege 97 99 94 83

*Treatment was made every 2 weeks due to repeated callbacks

Comparative cost effectiveness and time spent on baiting versus

residual sprays

To obtain precise and reliable results, we took all costs and time incurred during the 12 weeks period for:

♦Treatment (Time) ♦Chemical (Cost) ♦Labour (Cost) ♦Monitoring (Time & Cost) ♦Call back (Time & Cost) ♦Transportation (Cost)


ResultsPremises Treatment Total time

spent in 3 months (min)

Total cost (RM)

Total cost per m2

(RM)BBR Fendona 75 84.30 0.98May Fendona 135 86.70 1.15

MT* Fendona 235 186.63 0.65COPT Goliath 180 96.60 0.31

PG Goliath 120 56.10 0.55

SUN Goliath 110 68.75 0.76CB Siege 130 46.33 0.74

NZR Siege 50 27.78 1.13PRPG Siege 100 155.50 0.96

*Treatment was made every 2 weeks due to repeated callbacks

Conventional Pest Control versus IPM

Conventional

•No monitoring of pest population.

•Routine treatment activity irrespective of the pest population.

•Place no importance of site sanitation.

•The involvement of all stakeholders is limited or nil.

•Pesticide is unnecessarily used.

•Cheap solution short-term, but ineffective in the long-term.

IPM

✤Monitoring of pest population.

✤Treatment is done only when it is absolutely necessary.

✤Sanitation is one of the most crucial factors.

✤The involvement of all stakeholders is essential.

✤Pesticide is used only as and only it is required.

✤Seems expensive in the short-term, but cost-saving long-term

Summary and Conclusion• IPM is THE right approach that must be undertaken for

the management of all pest issues in today’s context.

• Gone were the days where pests are managed using a single unilateral treatment method such as chemical sprays.

• Although IPM may appear to be more expensive than the conventional treatment on a shorter period, the cost is actually comparable or even cheaper in the long-term.

• IPM reduces pesticide usage, and increase productivity in the long-term.


Chow-Yang LeeUniversiti Sains Malaysia http://chowyang.com

Thank you for listening!


Documents

Pest Summit 2016 Presentation - ChowYangLee · Integrated Pest Management Approaches to Increase Productivity and Reducing Pesticide Exposure Chow-Yang Lee Universiti Sains Malaysia