Pervious Concrete Pavementsfor Stormwater Mitigationfor Stormwater Mitigation

K-State PollutionK State Pollution Prevention Institute, KDHE EPA Section 319 Funding

Christy MartinConcrete Promotional GroupConcrete Promotional Group

Objectives for Today:

• What is Pervious Concrete?• Why use Pervious Concrete?

G B ildi & LEED C dit ith P i C t• Green Building & LEED® Credits with Pervious Concrete• Designing a Pervious Concrete Pavement • How much Water Volume can the System Handle?• What are the Typical Applications for Pervious Concrete?• What are the Typical Applications for Pervious Concrete?• Freeze/Thaw Concerns• Clay Soil Concerns• Typical Mix DesignTypical Mix Design• Construction of a Pervious Pavement• Snow , Deicers & Snow Removal• Decorative Pervious Concrete• Maintenance for Pervious Concrete• Cost• Testing Pervious Concrete• Resources on Pervious Concrete

Pervious Concrete Pavement Systemy

PerviousConcrete

Rain, Snow, Ice

Gravel Base

Geotextile F b i

Soil Subbase

Fabric

Water DisappearsQuickly

What is Pervious Concrete?• Pervious concrete is a mixture of coarse aggregate, Portland cement, water, and little to no sand. A typical pervious concrete pavement has a 15-25% void structure and allows 3-8 gallons of water per minute to pass through each square foot.

• Carefully controlled amounts of water and cementitious materials are used to create a paste that forms a thick coating around aggregate particles. Using just p g gg g p g jenough paste to coat the particles maintains a system of interconnected voids.

• The result is a very high permeability concrete that drains quickly Due to• The result is a very high permeability concrete that drains quickly. Due to the high void content, pervious concrete is also lightweight, 118 to 128 lb/ft3.

• After placement, pervious concrete resembles popcorn. Its low paste content d l fi t t t k th i t ith l land low fine aggregate content make the mixture coarse, with a very low slump.

The compressive strength of pervious concrete is limited since the void content is so high. Testing is in its infancy. ASTM has two approved tests for pervious at this timethis time.

Why Use Pervious Concrete?• EPA, Phase II Directives, NPDES• Vertical Drainage vs. Horizontal Run-Off

Best Management Practice (BMP)• Best Management Practice (BMP) • Drain Invert Filtration Systems – ELIMINATED• First Flush Pollution Mitigation – 90% of pollutants

Off f f ½ f ftypically in Run-Off from the first ½” of rainfall• Add’l land purchase for detention ponds – NOT NEEDED• Air & Water get to tree roots & other vegetation• Pervious Concrete is a sustainable – green product• PC assists in gaining up to 3 LEED credit points• Parking Lot serves 3 purposes:Parking Lot serves 3 purposes:

1) Parking Lot2) Temporary Detention3) Water Filtration3) Water Filtration

Why Use Pervious Concrete?Pervious Concrete Filters• Oils and Greases• Metals• Sediments• Fertilizers

Pervious Concrete 3C’s:• Collects• Cleans• Cleans• Cools

Why Use Pervious Concrete?

Pre-Development Post-Development Low-Impact e e e op e t ost e e op e t pDevelopment

Low Impact Development

Why Use Pervious Concrete?y

Save Vegetation:

• Air to roots

• Water to roots

Why Use Pervious Concrete?

Pervious Concrete helps meet LEED Credits

• Reduce stormwater runoff

• Use Recycled Materials

• Use Regional• Use Regional Materials

• Reduce urban heat islands (SRI >29)

Why Use Pervious Concrete?

Reduce Heat-Island Effects

Pervious Concrete & Light Reflectivity

Green Building & LEED® Credits SS Credit 7.1: Heat Island Effect-NonroofReduce heat island effect. Option #1: 50% of the site hardscape will consist of paving p p p gmaterials with a solar reflective Index (SRI) of at least 29. While regular new concrete does meet the LEED SRI minimum requirement of SRI 29, pervious concrete pavements may or may not. Pervious pavements can be designed to meet the SRI 29 requirement. Pervious concrete pavements must be tested for SRI to list testing data in the LEED template for reporting. See LEED d f lt h t f SRI i f b lLEED default chart for SRI info below:

Material Emissivity Reflectance SRI

New Gray Concrete 0 9 0 35 38 52New Gray Concrete 0.9 0.35 38‐52

Weathered Gray Concrete 0.9 0.20 19‐32

Typical White Concrete 0.9 0.7 86‐100

New Asphalt 0 9 0 05 0New Asphalt 0.9 0.05 0

Weathered Asphalt 0.9 0.10 6

Pervious Concrete Needs to be tested Needs to be tested Test results here

How Much Water Will It Handle?

Pervious ConcretePervious Concretewater passes at

3 - 5 gallons3 5 gallons per min.per sq ftper sq. ft.

or270 - 450 in270 450 in.

per hr.

Designing Pervious Concrete

Pavements

• sq footage?• voids of pervious?• thickness of the pervious?• thickness of the pervious?• voids of the base?• thickness of the base?• storm event in 24 hrs?• surrounding areas?• other BMP’s?

Freeze/Thaw

Why do water Freeze/ThawWhy do water pipes burst in cold weather?

Freeze/Thaw Study

What will happen to these water bottles if left in a freezer a little longer?freezer a little longer?

What would happen if the lids were taken off first

before placing them in thebefore placing them in the freezer?

Freeze/Thaw Concerns?

• Pervious Concrete has air entrainment to protect the concrete at the mortar level (in the paste)concrete at the mortar level (in the paste)

• Pervious Concrete has air voids so large by nature you can see them

• If water were to remain in the Pervious Concrete layer, there is plenty of room for water to expand 9% & not hurt the concrete

• In most cases Pervious Concrete is more Freeze/Thaw friendly than regular concrete

• Pervious Concrete has a base layer to allow the water toPervious Concrete has a base layer to allow the water to pass through the pervious topping and be retained in the base layer keeping the water away from the riding surface

Clay Soil Concerns?

1. Research and experience show

PerviousConcrete

Rain, Snow, Icep

us that water sitting in a base layer in clay soil conditions, typically looses ½ to 1 inch of water a daywater a day.

2. The Gravel Base Layer is adjustable! Reduce or increase the thickness depending on

Gravel Base

Geotextile F b i

the thickness depending on water retention needs. Calculate the typical rain event then calculate the volume the

Soil Subbase

Fabric base layer will handle. This is CLEAN ROCK typically ¾ in. up to 1 ½ in. Less than 2% on the #200 sieve#200 sieve.

P tl d C t 500 600 lb

Typical Mix Design• Portland Cement 500 - 600 lbs.

ASTM C-150 – Type I or II Supplementary Cementious Mat’ls (Optional)

Fly Ash Class C or F and/or Slag

• Coarse Aggregates typically ½” to 3/8”> 2.5 specific gravity & < 2.5 absorption

• Fine Aggregates – OptionalUp to 6% sand in freeze-thawmarkets for added durability

• Fibers Poly or Cellulose (No steel, no rebar or mesh)

• Admixtures Water Reducers, Air Entraining Agents, HSA (hydration stabilizing admixture)Viscosity Modifying Admixture (optional)Viscosity Modifying Admixture (optional)

• Waterw/c ratio of .27 - .33

Pervious Concrete Applications

• Parking Areas• Drivewaysy• Sidewalks• Roadways• Swales & Ditches• Erosion Control

Sl P t ti• Slope Protection• Playground

UnderlaymentUnderlayment• Water Parks

Pervious Concrete for Erosion Control

Nature Paths

Drinking Fountains

Pervious ConcretePervious Concrete Parking Lot

Finley Football StadiumUniversity of Tennessee

Chattanooga

P i tPervious concrete underlayment

for a playgroundp yg

Pervious Concrete Sidewalk, placed in 2000Owner: City of Olympia WAOwner: City of Olympia WAOwner: City of Olympia, WA Owner: City of Olympia, WA 1500 lineal feet of sidewalk1500 lineal feet of sidewalk

SubSub--grade: native soil was permeable grade: native soil was permeable enough that an aggregate base was not neededenough that an aggregate base was not neededenough that an aggregate base was not neededenough that an aggregate base was not needed

Savings: $110,000 Savings: $110,000 -- land acquisition for detention ponds unnecessaryland acquisition for detention ponds unnecessary

Shelter or Picnic Table pads

Olathe, KS Pervious Concrete Parking Lot

Lister Petter & Geiger Ready Mix

Southeast Elementary SchoolSoutheast Elementary SchoolPark Hill School District, MO

Combination Lot

Pervious Concrete Parking Lot &“Regular Concrete” Curb/Gutter & SidewalkNotice the different pavements in the rain.

Mixed Concrete Products Pervious Concrete & “Conventional” Concrete

To keep water out of storage units & mitigate stormwaterTo keep water out of storage units & mitigate stormwater management

Wal*Mart Pervious Concrete Parking Lotgin McKinney, TX & Denver, CO

Pervious Concrete Parking LotTree Wells – Trees help it become a “COOL” pavement

Trees & Plants get air & water through pervious pavements

Driveway & SidewalkStudio 804

KU School of ArchitectureLEED for Home

Driveways

Pervious Concrete C t tiConstruction

Pervious Concrete Parking Lot Rock base being delivered

Placing on top of geotextile fabricPlacing on top of geotextile fabric

Pervious Concrete Parking Lot Clean Rock Base Placed over Geotextile Fabric

Notice Curing Blankets in BackgroundNotice Curing Blankets in Background

Pervious ConcretePervious Concrete Placement

Telebelt Placement works nicelyy

Pervious will not Pump!

Pervious Concrete Parking Lot

Side View after forms were taken off

Pervious 6” of pavement e ous 6 o pa e e tsitting on rock base

Pervious Concrete Parking LotI’Lan Park, Leawood, KS

Placed March 2007

Pervious Concrete Parking Lot Rock base being delivered

Placed March 2007In September 2008 Awarded thePortland Cement Association’s

National Sustainability Award for S t i bl M i i l I f t tPlacing on top of geotech filter fabricSustainable Municipal Infrastructure

Pervious Concrete can be painted f ki t i h di i i ifor parking stripes or handicap insignia

Decorative Pervious Concrete

Colored & Stamped

Decorative Pervious Concrete Driveway

Decorative Pervious Concrete gone wild!gone wild!

China, 2008

Olympics

Pavement Maintenance

Approximately once a year or as needed:P V i• Power Vacuuming

• Pressure Washing (Careful!)• Combination of Both

MaintenanceB f & AftBefore & After

Maintenance

Snow/Deicers/Removal

DenverDenver Next morning following 12” snow

Sites directly across streetPhotos: Taken 5 min. apartp

Pervious Parking Lot Placed during

th Wi tthe WinterDenver, CO,

placed Dec. 2004Notice that whenNotice that when

snow is walked on the snow

disappears intodisappears into the pavement

below.

Inverted Slump Test

Unit Weight, ASTM C1688

Permeability Test, ASTM C1701

Pervious How Much Does it Cost?• Relative to the stormwater detention replacement costs• Relative to the stormwater under drains & piping• The concrete portion typically runs 8-15% more than

conventional concrete • System includes, excavation, filter fabric, base rock,y

pervious concrete • Serves as several products in ONE

Parking LotParking LotCollection SystemFilterTemporary DetentionTemporary Detention

• In markets where is has been available for 12-15 years, pervious is running $8.50 to $11.50 a sq. ft. turn key

d tiproduction

Specifications

• Local Concrete Industry, engineers, and

academia have developed:academia have developed:

– Specifiers Guide to Stormwater Mitigation in

Greater Kansas City Area

– Available on www.concretepromotion.com

www.nrmca.org

www.perviouspavement.org

National Ready Mixed Concrete Association

Concrete Promotional Group of Greater Kansas City

www.concretepromotion.com

Go to the Pervious Concrete Tab on the website:• Pervious Certification Information

C t li t f P i C tifi d T h i i• Current list of Pervious Certified Technicians

• Picture story Pervious Concrete

• Pervious Concrete Resources

• Pervious Construction Checklist

• LEED® – Green Points with Pervious

• Maintenance for Pervious Concrete

• Guideline for Specifiers

Oth P i R P l i K Cit

Todd LaTorella P E

Other Pervious Resource People in Kansas City

Todd LaTorella, P.E.MO/KS American Concrete Pavement Association913-381-2251 office phone

John T. Kevern Ph. D., E. I. T.Assistant ProfessorUMKC School of Computing & Engineering816-235-5977 office phone(One of the leading researchers on pervious concrete)

Hundreds of websites – Search Pervious ConcreteHundreds of websites – Search Pervious ConcreteA dozen or so U-Tube mini movies & training videos

Christy MartinChristy Martin913-341-5800 ph

MartinC@concretepromotion.comMartinC@concretepromotion.com

www.concretepromotion.com

Thank You