Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
1/38
Pervasive and Mobile Computing
Dr. Atiq Ahmed
Department of Computer Science & Information TechnologyUniversity of Balochistan
Lecture 00
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
2/38
Course Objectives
To discuss the fundamental problems in the emergingarea of mobile and pervasive computing, along withtheir proposed solutions, with emphasis on networkingand applications issuesThe course will be mostly self contained and will coverany required background material
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
3/38
Outline of the Course
Review of basic conceptsInfrastructure of pervasive computing
Characteristics of pervasive computing environmentsVision and challenges of pervasive computingPervasive computing applications
Wireless technologies and mobile systemsMobile computing infrastructureCharacteristics of mobile computing environmentsChallenges of mobile computingLocation-based services in mobile environments
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
4/38
Outline of the Course
Wireless sensor technologiesSensor networksDistributed coordination and aggregationSensor network applications
Peer to PeerStructured and unstructured P2PP2P file sharingP2P media streamingP2P computing systems and applications
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
5/38
Outline of the Course
Internet of ThingsRFIDRFID technologies and pervasive computingData management issues and middleware
Context awarenessAdaptation techniquesAutonomic computing, utility computing and casestudy. . .
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
6/38
Reference/Text Books
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
7/38
Reference/Text Books
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
8/38
Reference/Text Books
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
9/38
Course Validation
30 % Mid Term40 % Final Term30 % Research Report
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
10/38
Report Formation
Must be submitted before the Final Term ExamsMust be submitted via TurnitinMust be written in LATEXusing a prescribed formatavailable on the course siteReports having plagiarism over 10% wouldautomatically be rejected
Reports having plagiarism of 4% from a single sourcewould be rejected too
Must contain at least 05 Journal Papers or 08Conference papers
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
11/38
My Research Domains
Long Term EvolutionWireless Sensor NetworksInternet of ThingsQuality of Service and RSVP related issuesAdministration of heterogeneous Networks and mobility(GSM/GPRS/WLAN)Continuity of Service in Wireless NetworksMobility and Location awareness in Wireless NetworksMultiagent Systems
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
12/38
Outline
1 IntroductionNetwork DefinitionsNetwork TechnologiesNetwork Functions
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
14/38
Communication Network BasicsSome Common Definitions
In general, the term network can refer to anyinterconnected group or systemA network is any method of sharing informationbetween two systemsA network is a series of points or nodes interconnectedby communication pathsNetworks can interconnect with other networks andcontain sub-networks
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
15/38
Communication Network BasicsSome Common Definitions
Digital networks may consist of one or more routersthat route data to the correct userAn analogue network may consist of one or moreswitches that establish a connection between two ormore users. . .Networks and communication networks are usedinterchangeablyIn current information area, networks are identified astelecommunications networks and computer networks
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
16/38
Telecommunication Networks Vs ComputerNetworks
Telecom Network Computer Network
– A network of telecommu-nications whose messagesmay be passed from onepart of the network to an-other over multiple links andthrough various nodes
– A collection of computersystems or devices con-nected to each other allow-ing computers to commu-nicate with each other andshare resources and infor-mation
– The process of informa-tion exchange involves thesending of electromagneticwaves by electronic trans-mitters
– Generally involves at leasttwo devices capable of be-ing networked with at leastone usually being a com-puter
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
17/38
Network Topologies
Map of a network
Defines how the nodes of a network are connected
Three basic categories
Physical topology
Signal topology
Logical topology
Note
A network can have one type of ’physical topology and acompletely different logical topology
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
18/38
Physical Topologies
Describe the layout of the cables and workstations andthe location of all network components
Figure: Physical Topology Types
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
19/38
Signal Topologies
Describes the mapping of the actual connectionsbetween the nodes of a network
Point-to-point (PTP) topology
Figure: Point-to-Point Topology Types
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
20/38
Logical Topologies
Describe the mapping of the apparent connectionsbetween the nodes of a network
Are bound to network protocols and describe how datais moved across the network
Are often closely associated with media access control(MAC) methods
Are able to be dynamically reconfigured by specialtypes of equipment such as routers and switches
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
22/38
Network Technologies
No generally accepted taxonomy into which allcomputer networks fit
Two dimensions stand out as important
Transmission TechnologyScale
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
23/38
Generalized Classification of Networks
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
24/38
Classification Based on TransmissionTechnology
Broadly categorized into two types
Broadcast networksHave a single communication channel that is shared byall the machines on the network
Machines on the network receive short messages,called packets
Address field within the packet specifies the intendedrecipient
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
25/38
Class. Based on Transmission TechnologyBroadcast networks
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
26/38
Class. Based on Transmission TechnologyPoint-to-Point Networks
Point-to-Point Networks
End devices that wish tocommunicate are calledstations
Switching devices arecalled nodes
There may exist multiplepaths between asource-destination pair forbetter network reliability
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
27/38
Classification based on Scale
Personal Area Network (PAN)
Local Area Network (LAN)
Campus Area Network (CAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Global Area Network (GAN)
Internetwork
IntranetExtranetInternet
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
29/38
Network Functions
Information Transmission
To transfer information between a source and adestinationCommunication may involve
Transfer of a single block of informationTransfer of a stream of information between nodes
Information storageVoice dataTextFiguresMultimedia data and potential new kind of data
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
30/38
Network Functions
Information processing
Various computing techniques to meet the continuingrequirements for network users
Users can execute complex applications and obtainservice from ubiquitous networks
Can work as a virtual society of real-life world such as:
Virtual university (education)
Virtual game environment
Virtual social networks, etc.
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
31/38
Network Functions
Network Management
The network operation must ensure that networkresources are used effectively under normal as well asunder problem conditions
Traffic controls are necessary to ensure the smooth flowof information through the network
It includes:
Monitoring the performance of the network
Detecting and recovering from faults
Configuring the network resources
Maintaining accounting information for cost and billing
Providing security by controlling access to theinformation flows in the network
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
32/38
Network Types
Personal Area Network (PAN)
Local Area Network (LAN)
Campus Area Network (CAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Global Area Network (GAN)
Internetwork
IntranetExtranetInternet
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
33/38
Internet Usage in the World
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
34/38
Internet Usage in the World
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
35/38
Network Architectures
An abstract description for layered communicationsand computer network protocol design
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
36/38
Future of Networks
Moore’s LawThe processing power of a microchip doubles every 18months; corollary, computers become faster and theprice of a given level of computing power halves every18 months
Gilder’s LawThe total bandwidth of communication systems triplesevery twelve months for the next 25 years
Bandwidth grows at least three times faster thancomputer power
Cost per communication bit will begin to sink fartherthan it has fallen previously and eventually the cost of atelephone call, or of a bit transmitted, will be “free”
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
37/38
Future of Networks
Metcalfe’s Law
Value of a telecommunicationsnetwork is proportional to thesquare of the number ofconnected users of the system(n2)
Pervasive andMobile
Computing
Dr. AtiqAhmed
IntroductionNetwork Definitions
NetworkTechnologies
Network Functions
38/38
Network Trends
Nomadic computing (Mobility)
Wireless high-speed networks
Scalability
Security (Trust)
Interoperability
Context-awareness
Autonomic computing
Integration
Expanded Services . . .
