PERUMAL MURPHY ALESSI - City of Campbelltown · PERUMAL MURPHY ALESSI Level 2, 458-468 Wattle Street Ultimo NSW 2007 Australia T: 61 2 9212 5524 E : [email protected] A.B.N

P E R U M A L M U R P H Y A L E S S I Her i tage Consul tants

PM-13032

STATEMENT OF HERITAGE IMPACT

Stations of the Cross, Maryfields, Campbelltown December 2013

PERUMAL MURPHY ALESSI Level 2, 458-468 Wattle Street Ultimo NSW 2007 Australia T: 61 2 9212 5524 E: [email protected] A.B.N. 15 297 972 794

Statement of Heritage Impact ▪ Stations of the Cross, Maryfields, Campbelltown December 2013

Perumal Murphy Alessi, Heritage Consultants ▪ PM-13032 2

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Table of contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. 5 1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 7

1.1 Context of the report ................................................................................................................. 7 1.2 Background and heritage listing status ..................................................................................... 7 1.3 Methodology and objectives...................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Site Identification ....................................................................................................................... 8 1.7 Authorship & acknowledgements .............................................................................................. 9

2.0 Historical Overview ..................................................................................................... 11

2.1 Early development of the area and site .................................................................................. 11 2.2 Development of the site .......................................................................................................... 13

3.0 Description of the site ................................................................................................. 25

3.1 Maryfields ................................................................................................................................ 25 3.2 The Stations of the Cross ........................................................................................................ 39 3.3 Summary analysis ................................................................................................................... 53

4.0 Assessment of Significance ....................................................................................... 57

4.1 Evaluation criteria .................................................................................................................... 57 4.2 Statement of Significance ....................................................................................................... 59

5.0 The Proposed Works ................................................................................................... 61 6.0 Heritage Impact Assessment ..................................................................................... 63

6.1 Campbelltown LEP 2002 & DCP No. 83 ................................................................................. 63 6.2 Heritage Branch criteria .......................................................................................................... 66 6.3 Conclusion and recommendations .......................................................................................... 68





Executive Summary This report has been prepared on behalf of the Association of the Franciscans Order of Friars Minor to assess the potential heritage impacts and accompany a land Planning Proposal that is inclusive of a Development Application for repositioning and repair works to the Station of the Cross statues and rezoning of the Maryfields site, addressed as Nos. 168-192 Narellan Road, Campbelltown. Maryfields is located to the west of the Campbelltown centre on the northern side of Narellan Road and was initially used as farmland with cleared pasture and large farmhouse owned and occupied by the Rudd family and members of the Keane family for nearly 100 years prior to its donation to the Franciscan order in 1930. The Franciscans occupied the house in 1934 and constructed a Novitiate and other buildings on the site from this time. On Good Friday 1936 the Friars organised what is believed to be the first major outdoor Via Crucis/ Way of the Cross ceremony for the Sydney region on the site using temporary wooden crosses and natural features of the property. This event drew a crowd of around 20,000 which prompted plans for a permanent installation. Over the following year, with support of various Catholic groups and local community, the Friars imported and mounted a series of fourteen Statues with garden and water features across an open field to mark the Stations of the Cross and symbolise Christ’s journey to Calvary. Following the 1937 ceremony an additional installation, the Garden of Gethsemane, was constructed to the east of the main group. The group terminated on a rise near the Novitiate building and continued to be a focus of the broader Catholic community, (albeit in a reduced way), until 1990. Small groups continue to use the site to the present day by arrangement with the Friars. In 1993 the Campbelltown Heritage Study recognised the Stations of the Cross statues as being of cultural significance. The Stations of the Cross were subsequently listed as heritage items. The listing also appears to include the Garden of Gethsemane. No other elements on the site were listed or recognised. In 1995 and 2000 Conservation Plans were prepared by Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd with William Ashton in the context of the proposed rezoning of the site. A number of options were assessed at this time it was resolved that the option of “do nothing” be accepted so that “the future management of the heritage item can be undertaken effectively”. The Novitiate buildings were demolished between 2007 and 2009 following the relocation of the main Friary activities off the site and a structural assessment which deemed the main building to be in extremely poor condition. The site currently comprises of three main areas containing various modern buildings, including a Monastery occupied by Sisters of the Poor Clare order (constructed in 1968) and Friary (1990) which are surrounded by open grassed and treed areas. A creek and associated ponds extend across the southern section of the site and partly bound a small landscaped garden area and an open grassed field on which the Station of the Cross statues are interspersed. Access roadways and associated “avenues” generally remain although have not been greatly maintained and now access an open and cleared site in addition to a “kiosk” building (possibly constructed in the 1970s and currently used for Alcoholics Anonymous meetings) and later caretaker’s facilities. The Monastery and Friary buildings continue to be used and remain as separate entities with separate access and potential additional connections to the residential areas to the north. The site has also undergone some changes including resumptions for road widening which resulted in the relocation of Station 11. One of the Statues has also been vandalised, possibly as a result of the reduced “presence” on the site and overall are in varying condition.



This assessment has found that the Stations of Cross Statues and Garden of Gethsemane at Maryfields are of local historic, aesthetic and social significance as a group of statues that remain as evidence of a notable event in the history of religious worship in Australia. The annual celebration at Maryfields commenced in 1936 and reflects the beliefs and attitude of the Catholic Church in the Inter-war and Post-war periods and prior to Vatican II (1970s). The cessation of the ceremony at Maryfields in 1990 represents the shift away from the large scale pilgrimage and ceremony to smaller scale, parish based celebrations based on the Vatican II principles and also developments in the local area with the closure of the local train line and expansion of the road networks which impacted on the pilgrimage experience. Despite physical changes to the site, such as the roadway resumptions and relocation of one of the statues, the group are of some aesthetic significance as a good representation of Christ’s journey to Calvary and are enhanced by the natural features and cultural landscape defined by the ponds and lakes and associated native and cultural/ exotic plantings, open grassed area and symbolic rise to the 12th station. The site and Stations are associated with the Catholic Church and in particular the Franciscan Order of Friars Minor and Poor Clare Nuns who have continued to occupy the site since the 1930s and 1960s (respectively), although this association has been reduced by the relocation of the Order office and functions, demolition of the Novitiate buildings and reduction of their use of the site. It is currently proposed to retain and reposition most of the Station of the Cross statues within a reduced curtilage and rezone part of the site for both residential and business uses. The Statues will be retained and will continue to occupy the south western portion of the Maryfields site. The 12th Station will remain insitu and other statues, including the Garden of Gethsemane are proposed to be repositioned and located within a “heritage precinct” with the existing lakes and associated green zone located along the Narellan Road frontage of the site. This zone will continue to provide a backdrop and symbolic water crossing for the Statues and provide a buffer from the surrounding roadways and development. It is proposed to provide a new sealed pedestrian pathway along the northern side of the western lake within the existing open field with circuit extending up to the 12th Station. The Stations will partly follow the same alignment of the existing locations and will face the pathway. The existing form and rise will be retained with Station 13 and 14 located below, at the end of the circuit. This assessment has found that the proposed repositioning of the Stations of Cross and Garden of Gethsemane statues and rezoning of the site is considered acceptable from a heritage point of view. The Statues will be repaired and remain on the site as visual cues and as a reminder of the significant even that occurred here. The reduced curtilage and repositioning has been carefully considered so that a sense of the “pilgrimage” and experience of rising to the 12th Station is retained and can continue to be interpreted. The Statues will continue to occupy an open grassed field with ornamental lakes and ponds, trees and plantings as their backdrop. The proposed pathways, improved vehicular access to the site, works to the roadways and provision of delineated car parking areas are considered a positive impact and will provide safe and equitable access and improve the use and interpretation of the item and site. The Statues will form part of a green zone along this section of Narellan Road which will make a positive contribution to the area. Other features of the site will also be retained. The proposed rezoning of the site will facilitate the much needed repair and long term conservation and maintenance of the Statues and interpretation of their values so that they can continue to contribute to the cultural heritage of the City of Campbelltown.



1.0 Introduction

1.1 Context of the report This report has been prepared on behalf of the Association of the Franciscans Order of Friars Minor to assess the potential heritage impacts and accompany a land Planning Proposal that is inclusive of a Development Application for repositioning and repair works to the Station of the Cross statues and rezoning of the Maryfields site, addressed as Nos. 168-192 Narellan Road, Campbelltown.

1.2 Background and heritage listing status Maryfields is located to the west of the Campbelltown centre on the northern side of Narellan Road. The site was initially used as farmland and comprised of cleared pasture with large farmhouse owned and occupied by the Rudd family and members of the Keane family for nearly 100 years prior to its donation to the Franciscan order in 1930. The Franciscans occupied the house in 1934 and constructed a Novitiate and other buildings on the site from this time. The Friars organised what is believed to be the first major outdoor Via Crucis/ Way of the Cross ceremony for the Sydney region on the site on Good Friday 1936 using temporary wooden crosses and natural features of the property. This event drew a crowd of around 20,000 which prompted plans for a permanent installation. Over the following year, with support of various Catholic groups and local community, the Friars imported and mounted a series of fourteen Statues with garden and water features across an open field to mark the Stations of the Cross and symbolise Christ’s journey to Calvary. The group terminated on a rise near the Novitiate building (now demolished) and continued to be a focus of the broader Catholic community, (albeit in a reduced way), until 1990. Small groups continue to use the site to the present day by arrangement with the Friars. The site currently comprises of three main areas accessed from two separate roadways extending from Narellan Road. The two roads/driveways are also linked by an unsealed internal road. The three areas each contain various modern buildings, including a Monastery occupied by Sisters of the Poor Clare order (1968) and Friary (1990) and are surrounded by open grassed and treed areas. A creek and associated ponds extend across the southern section of the site and partly bound a small landscaped garden area and an open grassed field on which the Station of the Cross statues are interspersed. The Stations of the Cross statues were identified as having heritage significance in the 1993 Campbelltown Heritage Study and were subsequently listed in Council’s Draft Local Environmental Plan 1996. In 1995 and 2000 Conservation Plans were prepared by Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd with William Ashton in the context of the proposed rezoning of the site. A number of options were assessed at this time it was resolved that the option of “do nothing” be accepted so that “the future management of the heritage item can be undertaken effectively”. The site and buildings are not covered by any instruments under the NSW Heritage Act (1977) and are not classified by the National Trust of Australia (NSW). The Stations of the Cross statues are, however, listed as a heritage item in Schedule 1 of the Campbelltown (Urban Area) Local Environmental Plan 2002. The heritage map shows a snake shaped outline in the middle of the site. As such, Campbelltown Council must take into consideration the potential impacts of any proposed works on the cultural significance of the item and its setting.


It is currently proposed to provide formal and safer vehicular access, retain the Statues, however, reposition most within a reduced curtilage to enable the possible rezoning and subdivision of the site for aged care/ senior living, mixed density residential and business use. The existing creeks and ponds and treed areas will be retained. The existing Monastery and Friary will also remain at this stage.

1.3 Methodology and objectives The report been prepared in accordance with the guidelines for Heritage Impact reports as contained in the NSW Heritage Manual produced by the NSW Heritage Branch (former Heritage Office). The assessment is based on an inspection of the property and analysis of the context. The 2000 Conservation Plan prepared by Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd (PMW) in association with William Ashton has provided the basis for the historical summary with some additional research also undertaken including sources such as Campbelltown Library, Local Studies, Mitchell Library, Trove, Land and Property Information Office. The potential impacts of the current proposed works have been assessed with reference to the Campbelltown (Urban Area) Local Environmental Plan 2002, Development Control Plan (DCP) No. 83, Heritage Policy and NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Heritage Branch criteria. A draft consolidated Campbelltown LEP in line with the NSW standard instrument is also about to be exhibited. The main objective of this report is to assess the appropriateness of the proposed works and outline how any potential heritage impacts may be reduced or are mitigated.

1.4 Site Identification Maryfields is an irregularly shaped site located to the west of the Campbelltown centre on the northern side of Narellan Road and is also generally bounded by the Hume Highway and Maryfields Drive. The real property description upon which the Stations of the Cross are located is Lot 1 DP 247902. The greater Maryfields estate illustrated in Figure 1.1 comprises a total of six separate lots.

Figure 1.1 Location plan (Source: Google maps) Site location




1.7 Authorship & acknowledgements This report has been prepared by Luisa Alessi of Perumal Murphy Alessi, Heritage Consultants. All contemporary photographs included in this report, unless otherwise stated, were also taken by Luisa Alessi in July 2013, specifically for the preparation of this report. The author would like to thank the following for their assistance with this project:

Mr Wayne Camenzuli, Capital Syndications Pty Ltd; Mr Glenn McCormack, Benson McCormack Architects; and Local Studies Librarian, Campbelltown Library.





2.0 Historical Overview

2.1 Early development of the area and site Development of the area began at the time of Governor Lachlan Macquarie (1810-21) who made a tour of inspection in 1810 as he was planning for sites of new towns for settlement. He decided that the area should form a new district which he initially named “Airds”, after his wife’s family estate. The first land grants comprising of large acreages were made between January 1810 and October 1811, however, the area was heavily wooded and large land holdings remained until 1820, when Macquarie officially founded and named the township “Campbell-Town” also in honour of Mrs Elizabeth Macquarie (based on her maiden name). Macquarie was not able to fulfil his plans for the township and the subsequent Colonial administration was not interested in the development of the area. It wasn't until 1827, a year after Brisbane was replaced as Governor by Sir Ralph Darling, that the first measured plan of "Campbell Town" was finally drawn up by surveyor, Robert Hoddle, and it wasn’t until 1831 that the large estates began to be subdivided and first “settlers” took possession of the land. By the 1830s a number of substantial houses had been constructed, however, it was the development of a water reservoir from 1838 that assisted the development of the town. In 1857 railway services to Sydney commenced and Campbelltown Railway Station was opened in the following year. Like in other areas, the coming of the railway also resulted in further growth.1 The site is part of 130 acres, Portion 156 of the Parish of St Peters granted to Patrick Cullen on 30 June 1823.2 The Parish plan (Figure 2.1) shows the land, to the west of Campbelltown and its regular grid street layout. Cullen’s land was bounded to the south east by the railway line. A creek line and a roadway traverse the northern portion that is now part of the subject site. The 130 acres was sold by Cullen’s heirs in December 1831 to prominent land owner John Terry Hughes. It is not clear if Hughes developed the site in any way. Some sources indicate a connection between the site and Father JJ Therry who was Campbelltown parish Catholic priest between the years 1835 and 18383, however, the Land Titles do not support this. He may have resided on or near the land (in a cottage around the intersection of Gilchrist Drive and Narellan Road), however, it is not clear where and the 130 acres were subsequently transferred to John Rudd in July 1838. Rudd divided the land into two parcels and sold the slightly larger parcel, comprising 67 acres 2 roods and 32 perches, to his brother James Rudd for £195. He retained the second holding, an area of 62 acres, 1 rood, 8 perches.4 The land (refer to Figure 2.2) was essentially the northern half of the original grant and was cut in two by the roadway that connected Camden and Campbelltown (now Narellan Road). James Rudd developed the property, known as “Maryfields” as a farm and resided on the property until his death in 1851. He raised a family of five sons and five daughters, however, none of his sons resided permanently at Maryfields. In 1832 two of his sons, James and Isaac, selected three large Stations on the Murrumbidgee River and four of his sons later became prominent Riverina pastoralists and one a well known banker. His widow and daughters, however, lived on for many years at Maryfields after James’ death. His will devised his property to his wife Mary for her life and after her death it was to be divided equally between his children. Mary Rudd died in 1889 and from that time shares were conveyed between the siblings. The last two daughters, Mrs Keane and Miss Georgina Rudd died there in the 1920s.

1 Campbelltown Council website, History of Campbelltown & Pollon, F., (ed) The Book of Sydney Suburbs (1988), p. 45-46. 2 Land and Property Information, Primary Application No. 26624. 3 Liston, Carol, Campbelltown The Bicentennial History (1988), p. 58 & Australian Dictionary of Biography, Therry, John Joseph (1790-1864). 4 Campbelltown Library, Local Studies Room, Vertical file, “Maryfields”, summary prepared by JB Munro.


The property was left to Miss Sarah Mary Keane (granddaughter of James Rudd) who then donated to the property to the Franciscan Order in 1929. The family was known around Campbelltown for its charity and generosity to the poor. Maryfields had been their home for almost a century and was handed over by deed of gift by the last remaining occupant.5 Land Title documents indicate that Georgina Mary Rudd and her niece, Sara Mary Keane, both of Campbelltown and Francis Solanus McNamara, Andrew Wogan, Antony Grealy all of Waverley, Clerk of Holy Orders became the proprietors of the estate in September 1927. Following the death of Georgina Mary Rudd, the land was formally transferred to Francis Solanus McNamara, Andrew Wogan, Antony Grealy and Roger Paul Piper of Waverley on 27 March 1930.6 The Franciscans did not move into the large farmhouse at Maryfields (Figure 2.3) until 7 September 1934. The homestead building, which was located near the remaining Hoop Pines at the top of the drive and near the existing Caretaker’s dwelling, served as living quarters, chapel, and rooms for the young Franciscans living there until a new building was constructed.7

Figure 2.1 Parish Plan showing Cullen’s 130 acres. The subject site is part of the northern portion which was traversed by a creek line and roadway. (Source: Land and Property Information, Historic Parish Plan, St Peter 2)

Figure 2.2 Plan of the parcel of land purchased by James Rudd and subsequently transferred to representatives of the Franciscan Friars Minor. (Source: Land and Property Information Certificate of Title, Volume 4052 Folio 108)

5 Campbelltown Library, Local Studies Room, Vertical file, “Maryfields”. Letter dated 9 April 1970 from Arthur J Rudd (great grandson of James Rudd) to the Mayor of Campbelltown & summary prepared by JB Munro & Bayley, William A, History of Campbelltown (1966), p. 144. 6 Land and Property Information, Certificate of Title, Volume 4052 Folio 108.


7 Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd with William Ashton, Conservation Plan for the Stations of the Cross at Maryfields, (January 2000), p. 4.


Figure 2.3 Maryfields farmhouse. At left: c. 1934. (Source: Campbelltown City Library, Local Studies, Franciscan Provincial Office Collection, 004\004441) Below: undated image. Note the pines. (Source: Payten Collection, Campbelltown & Airds Historical Society)

2.2 Development of the site The Franciscan Friars (OFM) were founded by Saint Francis of Assisi in 1209. Originally Irish Friars came to Australia as individual priests to serve Catholics in Australia but in 1879 the Friars were given an area in eastern Sydney to establish a Franciscan Mission. Paddington, Edgecliff and Waverley were all part of the original Franciscan Mission area.8 It wasn’t until 1904 that the first Australians entered the Order and the Franciscan presence in Australia started to expand.9 It would appear that the rapid expansion and gift of land at Campbelltown contributed to the development of a new Novitiate on the site. The polished granite foundation stone for the Novitiate was laid on 19 May 1935 by the Most Rev Dr Sheehan, coadjutor Archbishop of Sydney and the partially complete building was opened on 15 December of the same year. It was reported that owing to lack of funds, it was only possible to build a section of the proposed building to suit current needs. Special trains were arranged for the crowds expected to attend the opening ceremony from the Franciscan parishes at Waverley, Paddington and Woollahra. The opening was performed by the Rev Sylvester O’Brien, Provincial Order in Australia. Father Bernard Nolan OFM was the Superior of the Novitiate and noted that the new building realised a long cherished hope and expressed the gratitude of the Franciscan Fathers to Miss SM Keane and the Rudd family for their generosity to the order.10 The opening ceremony possibly signalled things to come. Father Nolan led one of two groups who had long thought about organising an outdoor Via Crucis in Australia.

8 Parish of St Francis and St Joseph website. 9 Franciscan Friars Provence of the Holy Spirit website. 10 Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd with William Ashton, Conservation Plan for the Stations of the Cross at Maryfields, (January 2000), p. 4 & The Catholic Press, Franciscan Novitiate, Campbelltown Building Extensions, May 19, Thursday 2 May 1935, p. 17, The Picton Post, Franciscan Novitiate Near Campbelltown Building Extensions Foundation Stone to be laid by the Archbishop, Thursday 16 May 1935, p. 3, The Campbelltown News, Maryfields. Opening of New Novitiate, 20th December 1935, p. 3. Perumal Murphy Alessi, Heritage Consultants ▪ PM-13032 13



The other, a group of Catholic laymen led by Dr Harold Norrie were determined to organise such an event much like the large Good Friday ceremonies held at a Franciscan mission in Oakland, California. Norrie had visited Oakland and seen over 100,000 people attend and with a committee had begun a search for an appropriate site. They felt that the site should be permanent and fulfil three essential conditions:

it should be sufficiently far away from Sydney to constitute a “pilgrimage”; it must be sufficiently near the city to allow people of limited means an opportunity of

attending and be convenient to public transport; and the general surroundings must harmonise with the solemnity of the occasion.11

The third point was seen as important as there was offence taken at the Sydney Show being held during Holy Week. A member of the committee of laymen had visited the recently opened Novitiate and realised that it was an appropriate setting. The wheels were set in motion. With the blessing of the Archbishop and the Apostolic Delegation, Dr Norrie and Fr Nolan proceeded to organise the first Via Crucis/ Way of the Cross ceremony on the site for Good Friday, 1936.12 The Franciscans erected 14 wooden crosses along a path in a pasture at the Novitiate. The stations were placed with reference to the Gospel. One station was placed on one side of the creek which continued to traverse the site and represented the brook of Kedron outside Jerusalem, near the Garden of Gethsemane tableau. Other crosses were placed at intervals up a hill and the route was culminated with the 12th station and Crucifix at the top of the hill, near the Novitiate. The 13th and 14th stations traversed downhill to another garden. The overall placement was planned to correspond with the original Via Dolorosa and to recreate a sense of climbing the hill to Calvary.13 Just before the event, The Catholic Press reported that fourteen large wooden crosses had been erected at the base and on a gentle hill on which the Novitiate stood by early February and that the “movement” was gaining support. Co-operation was sought from various groups such as the St Vincent de Paul Society and the Catholic Women’s Association to assist and businesses such as the Verity Press who had donated paper for flyers and correspondence. It was also noted that whilst such a ceremony was common in Europe and in cities in the United States and South America, it was understood that it had not been observed in Australia in such a public way.14 On the day, the Sydney Morning Herald reported that it was expected that more than 30,000 would attend the ceremony, the “first ever performed in Australia in the open”. It was noted that the ceremony would start at 2pm and introduced by the Franciscan fathers as a counter to the growing tendency to make Good Friday more of a holiday than a holy day. The article also outlined the special trains leaving from Central Station (at 10.10 am, 11.53 am and 12.18 pm) and that other trains going as far as Campbelltown could also be taken.15 On Good Friday 1936, thousands (at least 6,000 and more than 30,000 also reported)16 travelled by special trains of nine carriages and cars to attend the ceremony at Maryfields. The special trains extended from Central and Campbelltown Station to the platform at Rudd’s Gate on the Camden line. 11 Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd with William Ashton, Conservation Plan for the Stations of the Cross at Maryfields, (Jan 2000), p. 6. 12 Ibid., p. 7 13 Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd with William Ashton, Conservation Plan for the Stations of the Cross at Maryfields, (January 2000), p. 7. 14 The Catholic Press, “Via Crucis” Celebration at Franciscan Novitiate, Campbelltown, Thursday 13 February 1936, p. 25 & “Via Crucis” Pilgrimage. At “Maryfields”, Campbelltown, Thursday 5 march 1936, p. 21. 15 Sydney Morning Herald, “Via Crucis”. Ceremony at Maryfields, Friday 10 April 1936, p. 8. 16 Bayley, William A, History of Campbelltown (1966), p. 144 & Sydney Morning Herald, 11 April 1936, p. 16 & The West Australian, Via Crucis Pilgrimage, Memorable Scenes at Novitiate, 11 April 1936, p. 18.


Father Nolan stood at the platform leading the prayer. Rev Br Pascal led a procession of clergy bearing the cross followed in turn by the immense crowd from station to station. A guard of honour was also provided by about 200 members of the St Vincent de Paul Society. Photographs taken on the day (Figures 2.4 - 2.6) show the large crowd and parts of the procession. The Church hailed it as a success and was pleased by the large numbers that attended and plans were soon made to perpetuate the event. Offers of assistance were extended and the Franciscans decided to erect stations which could withstand the elements, would be self explanatory and be large enough to be seen by a crowd.17 The railway line had been extended from Campbelltown to Picton in 1863. Rudd’s Gate was the first platform on the line18 which appears to have run partly along the alignment of Narellan Road. The success of the initial Via Crucis startled Campbelltown and whilst the Church arranged for the next event in 1937, the government extended the platform at Rudd’s Gate, which was located towards the south western corner of the site and renamed it Maryfields. Attendees travelled by train to the annual Via Crucis ceremony until the closing of the railway at the end of 1962. Motor and bus traffic subsequently increased to take pilgrims to the site.19

Figure 2.4 Pilgrims attending the first Via Crucis ceremony. (Source: Campbelltown City Library, Local Studies, Franciscan Provincial Office Collection, 003\003845)

Figure 2.5 Scene at the 12th Station, 10 April 1936. (Source: Campbelltown City Library, Local Studies, Franciscan Provincial Office Collection, 004\004442)

17 Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd with William Ashton, Conservation Plan for the Stations of the Cross at Maryfields, (January 2000), p. 7. 18 Campbelltown Council website, History of Campbelltown & Bayley, William A, History of Campbelltown (1966), p. 144. 19 Bayley, William A, History of Campbelltown (1966), p. 186 & Liston, Carol, Campbelltown The Bicentennial History (1988), p. 187. Perumal Murphy Alessi, Heritage Consultants ▪ PM-13032 15


Figure 2.6 Friars holding crosses at the 12th Station during the Via Crucis, 10 April 1936. (Source: Campbelltown City Library, Local Studies, Franciscan Provincial Office Collection, 004\004444)

2.2.1 Via Crucis, The Way of the Cross The Way of the Cross is one of the most time honoured and familiar exercises of Christian piety observed today. Its most solemn observance is on Good Friday as a devotion to the sufferings of Christ along the Via Dolorosa. The word “stations” comes from the Latin word, “statio”, meaning standing still or a gathering place. Devotees stop along a route marked by crosses in a Church or outdoors to meditate and reflect on the event. Pilgrimages to the holy places of Christ’s passion began in the early centuries of Christendom. It is believed to have grown from the tradition established by Mary, the Blessed Virgin and other devoted women, who frequently visited the sacred sites of Jesus’ route to Calvary. Devotion to the Passion of Christ was also encouraged by the veterans of the Crusades of the 12th and 13th centuries. A shift in doctrine occurred from about the 6th century to the time of St Francis where the emphasis was placed on the humanity of Christ and role Christ played as a man rather than a God. The inclusion of the Corpus, the suffering of Christ on the Cross became apparent in the graphic representations of the period. After the fall of Constantinople to the Muslims in 1307, it became almost impossible for devoted Christians to visit the Holy Places. The Franciscans, who were charged with the care of the Holy Sepulchre in 1342, erected crosses in their monasteries, Friary chapels and churches, to provide an alternative to visiting the actual Holy sites. At first they simply comprised of wooden crosses, but later were ornamented with pictorial representations of the scenes along Jesus’ journey to Calvary. Although there were numerous varieties and interpretations relating to the number of stations, the number 14 became widely accepted from around the 16th century. The Stations are generally based on the gospels beginning at the Garden of Gethsemane. Originally the Pope allowed the stations to be erected only by the Friar Minor Observants, however, this has extended and all Churches are allowed to erect them and they have become an integral part of Church design and focus around the globe. 2.2.2 The Stations of the Cross at Maryfields Maryfields had been an active farm for most of its life and comprised of cleared pasture land with a small creek extending across the southern most portion. The Franciscans built dams and created the ponds along the creek line which remain today. Artists and manufacturers of statuary were consulted regarding the best materials to be used and designs were chosen. A set of three dimensional statues were ordered from France.




The cost of £3,000 was met by donations from Catholic families, including the Rudd/Keane family. Individual statues were dedicated to family donors. High brick pedestals were constructed so that the attending pilgrims could see the statues above the crowds and were rendered so that the base of the statues resembled stone. A cast cement plaque of the Paschal Lamb was placed on each alternate pedestal. This represents the sacrifice of the Old Testament. On the others there is a plaque showing a chalice with grapes and wheat, which represents the Holy Sacrifice and the New Testament. The artists who designed the plaques and pedestals were Mr E Smith of Edgecliff and Miss E Chalmers of Strathfield. As per tradition, the Stations start at a representation of the Garden of Gethsemane located on the southern side of the pond and watercourse that traverses the southern section of the site. The 14 statues are as follows:

1. Christ is condemned to death by Pilate; 2. Jesus is made to carry the cross; 3. Jesus falls the first time; 4. Jesus meets His Blessed Mother; 5. The Cross is laid on Simon of Cyrene; 6. Veronica wipes the face of Jesus; 7. Jesus falls the second time; 8. Jesus speaks to the women of Jerusalem; 9. Jesus falls the third time; 10. Jesus is stripped of His garments and receives gall to drink; 11. Jesus is nailed to the cross; 12. Jesus dies on the cross; 13. Jesus is taken down from the cross; and 14. Jesus is laid in the sepulchre.

The 12th station sits atop a mound with large alter, statuary and crucifix. It sits over a spacious vault, which was intended to be used for burial of Franciscans from the Novitiate. This was an afterthought and actual vault, which has a cruciform shape, has not been used mainly due to damp. A separate cemetery on a nearby hill was created.20 The Sydney Morning Herald reported that in view of the large attendances that took part in the first ceremony, the Franciscan fathers decided to make the ceremony an annual one. It announced that seven special trains have been arranged to depart from Central Station at intervals from 9.45 am and that the ceremony would also bless the “new set” of Stations.21 Although the 12th station was not completed until after Easter in 1937, the other stations were in place when the crowd of 20,000 arrived on Good Friday. The procession along the way to the 12th station was marked by the blessing of wooden crosses which were embedded in the rendered pedestals (Figure 2.7). On approaching each station Rev. Fr Nolan announced what was to take place and the meaning of each of the stations. The Campbelltown News reported the event and that at the 12th station the congregation knelt in silent meditation for 3 minutes in memory of the three hours Christ suffered on the Cross. The silence was broken by a blast of three trumpets. At the 12th Station, His Excellency, the Apostolic Delegate, Archbishop Panico gave an address and pronounced the Benediction. The ceremony continued to be held in the following years. In April 1938 the Sydney Morning Herald reported that more than 10,000 people attended travelling by five special trains and by motor car which were parked in the paddocks below the monastery.22 20 Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd with William Ashton, Conservation Plan for the Stations of the Cross at Maryfields, (January 2000), p. 6-8. 21 Sydney Morning Herald, “Via Crucis. Annual Franciscan Ceremony”. Tuesday 16 March 1937, p. 12. 22 Sydney Morning Herald, “Via Crucis. Maryfields Ceremony 10,000 people attend”. Saturday 16 April 1938, p. 16.


In the following year the same reported that over 15,000 people attended and prior to the commencement of the procession the “Gethsemane statuary” given by Mr and Mrs Charles Cam and family was blessed by the Apostolic Delegate, Archbishop Panico.23 The Catholic Press reported that about 25,000 pilgrims had attended the 1939 ceremony transported by up to 2000 cars parked on the grounds and a regular sequence of trains. It also confirmed the later addition of further terra cotta statuary in the form of Christ and the Angel in the Garden of Gethsemane standing in a partly planted enclosure near the lower entrance to the grounds.24

Figure 2.7 Inauguration of the present Stations of the Cross, 27 March 1937 and cementing into place one of the timber crosses. (Source: Campbelltown City Library, Local Studies, Franciscan Provincial Office Collection, 004\004439)

Figure 2.8 Undated image (assume late 1930s) showing the crowd attending. (Source: Campbelltown City Library, Local Studies, Franciscan Provincial Office Collection, 003\003846)

The large attendances continued in 1940 and 1941 when more than 10,000 were reported to have attended.25 Despite the large numbers, the ceremony was suspended during the War years and did not resume until 1946 when 8,000 pilgrims were reported to have made their way to the site by foot, car and train.26 The numbers appeared to have steadily increased again over the following years with about 12,000 attendees reported in 1951.27 Meanwhile the Friars continued to occupy the site which was left largely untouched apart from tree planting around the site. 23 Sydney Morning Herald, “Via Crucis. Maryfields Ceremony 15,000 people attend”. Saturday 8 April 1939, p. 17. 24 The Catholic Press, The “Maryfields” Via Crucis Impressive Ceremonies Attended by Great Crowds, Thursday 13 April 1939, p. 15. 25 Sydney Morning Herald, Ceremony of “Via Crucis” Campbelltown Procession. Saturday 12 April 1941, p. 12. 26 Sydney Morning Herald, Revival of Via Crucis. Saturday 20 April 1946, p. 3.


27 The Biz (Fairfield) Via Crucis Ceremonies 12,000 at Maryfields, Thursday 29 March 1951, p. 11.



The original road and access to the Novitiate was the palm-lined drive located in the south western corner of the site. The palms were planted around 1950. A number of large trees also surrounded the Novitiate buildings which related to the original farmhouse which remained on the site to this time. Other, indigenous trees also were located around the ponds and dams which have grown mostly through natural progression.28 Additions to the Novitiate were commenced in March 1955. A large area of ground on the rise near the 12th, 13th and 14th stations was cleared to construct the additions. The bulk of the work was undertaken by the Friars themselves, many of whom were competent tradesman and was overseen by a German Brother who was a trained Civil Engineer and draftsman. A neighbour, a foreman bricklayer with the Council also offered his services and trained the brothers. Work was hampered by flooding rains, however, after digging and laying the foundations the first brick was laid by Father Celestine Moriarty on 17 May 1955. The work was completed with the assistance of the local community and the extended Novitiate was opened in 1956.29 In 1960 part of the site located on the southern side of Narellan Road was sold and it would appear that the land gifted to the order was incrementally reduced from this time. In 1974 parts were resumed by the Commissioner of Main Roads and the remaining portion to the south of Narellan Road appears to have been sold by 1975 by which time The Association of the Franciscan Order of Friars Minor were the registered proprietors of the site.30 Part of the northern section of the site has also been portioned off and the Bethlehem Monastery, home of the Poor Clare Sisters was constructed in 1968. The Order of Saint Clare, the Poor Clares, is part of the Franciscan family founded by St Francis and St Clare in 1212. A group of Poor Clares came to Australia in 1951 at the invitation of the Australian Province of the Friars Minor which was established in 1939. Five sisters from the historic monastery of Nun’s Island, Galway, settled in the Franciscan parish at Waverley. As Australians soon joined them, it became necessary to build a larger and permanent monastery to accommodate the growing community. The nuns moved to Campbelltown in 1968 and the building remains and continues to be home for a number of nuns with an average age of about 70 years.31 Photographs of the 1969 procession (Figures 2.9-2.10) indicate that large crowds continued to attend to this time, however, there was a noted decline which was affected by a number of factors. The convenient train service from Campbelltown ceased in 1962/1963 to make way for a new road and freeway. As a result attendees had to travel by bus or car and search for parking on arrival. This changed the pilgrimage experience and inclement weather also reduced attendance on some occasions.32 During the 1960s and 1970s the site had hosted various retreats and school groups and activities in addition to maintaining the Good Friday procession. However, the 1980s brought about a number of changes. The Franciscan novitiates vacated the main building at Maryfields in 1983 and only a small number of Friars remained at the Novitiate on the hill. A new, smaller Friary was then built below the Bethlehem Monastery for the few remaining Friars in 1990. The Novitiate building was leased to the Macarthur Institute for Higher Education whilst they were developing their new buildings between 1981 and 1988. In 1989 a Development Application was submitted to Council in relation to use of an existing building on the site for an occasional day care centre. It was then leased to the St Vincent de Paul Society for a Recovery Centre for alcohol and substance abuse in 1991. The grounds were also made available to a horticultural Skillshare program, funded by the Government for retraining of unemployed people.33 28 Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd with William Ashton, Conservation Plan for the Stations of the Cross at Maryfields, (Jan 2000), p. 4. 29 Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd with William Ashton, Conservation Plan for the Stations of the Cross at Maryfields, (Jan 2000), p. 4 & Campbelltown Library, Local Studies Room, Vertical file, “Maryfields”. Undated article, Bricks, mortar and faith! Brothers Build Novitiate. 30 Land and Property Information, Certificate of Titles, Volume 7975 Folio 105, Volume 10702 Folio 149 & Volume 12734 Folio 112. 31 Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd with William Ashton, Conservation Plan for the Stations of the Cross at Maryfields, (Jan 2000), p. 4 & Poor Clare Community Website. 32 Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd with William Ashton, Conservation Plan for the Stations of the Cross at Maryfields, (Jan 2000), p. 9. 33 Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd with William Ashton, Conservation Plan for the Stations of the Cross at Maryfields, (Jan 2000), p. 9, Campbelltown Council verbal advice.


Figure 2.9 The 1969 procession. (Source: Campbelltown City Library, Local Studies, Norm Campbell Collection, 003\003249)

Figure 2.10 1969 ceremony. It would appear a posted fence delineated the “path” and possibly assisted with crowd control. Only the odd post remains today. (Source: Campbelltown City Library, Local Studies. Norm Campbell Collection, 003\003243)

Figure 2.11 The 1969 ceremony. (Source: Campbelltown City Library, Local Studies, Norm Campbell Collection, 003\003234)



Figure 2.12 Undated image of the Novitiate which was located on an elevated part of the site overlooking the Stations. (Source: Campbelltown City Library, Local Studies Collection, 005\005223)

Figure 2.13 The central courtyard of the building, August 1982. (Source: Campbelltown City Library, Local Studies Collection, 005\005205)

The ceremony for the Way of the Cross at Maryfields ceased in 1990. The Catholic Church stopped advertising and inviting people to attend the ceremony for a number of reasons. The event had become an overwhelming burden on the few remaining Franciscans who lived at Maryfields and who would have to spend several days cleaning up after the crowds. Vatican II reforms enacted from the 1970s also resulted in a shift of the type and location of Good Friday ceremonies with an emphasis now being on the Eucharist and celebration within a Church and with local communities. Vatican II as a whole emphasises the “Parish as a family” which reinforces the smaller scale and precludes any pilgrimage away from the Parish. Given this direction, it was considered unlikely that the Way of the Cross ceremony would resume at Campbelltown on the scale that it once had. Franciscan Provincial Archivist, Father John Keane noted that the church was “returning to the simplicity of Christian life, worship and Liturgy” and that the “accretions” such as large scale gatherings which go against the return of simplicity were being “pruned”. Whilst the ceremony at Maryfields has served a valid role, it was no longer considered an appropriate method of devotion.34 It would appear that the “Maryfields” old homestead remained on the site until the 1990s when it was finally demolished. A small lightweight caretaker’s building and fenced yard now occupy part of the area.


34 Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd with William Ashton, Conservation Plan for the Stations of the Cross at Maryfields, (Jan 2000), p. 9.



A Conservation Plan was prepared on the Stations of the Cross in 1995 and revised in 2000 in the context of the proposed rezoning of the site. A number of options were considered at this time in part prompted by the vandalism of one of the statues and reduced need and use of the site. Station 11 was relocated during this period when the NSW State Government acquired land along the western site boundary to facilitate extensions to the Hume Highway. However, it was resolved by Council that the option of “do nothing” be adopted and it would appear this has continued to be the case. In 2004 a heritage assessment of the Novitiate building was prepared by Conybeare Morrison and Partners. The structural integrity of the Novitiate buildings had become a concern by this time and referred to the proposed residential rezoning and development of the land. The heritage study recommended that the older (1935) portion of the Novitiate building be retained. The later (1956) addition was not considered significant. It was noted that this recommendation was inconsistent with the Conservation Plans which did not recommend the heritage listing or required retention of the buildings on the site. Council commissioned a structural integrity report for the Novitiate as part of the rezoning and heritage assessment of the site at this time. The report, prepared by GJ McDonald Consulting Engineers in August 2004 revealed that both buildings that form the Novitiate were afflicted by major structural defects including:

movement of external walls and footings; cracked brick walls; displacement of brickwork by movement of roof trusses; and extensive damage to ground floor timbers.

The estimated cost of repairing and reconfiguring just the 1935 portion was estimated to be $300,000 at 2004. A Development Application for demolition of the building was submitted to Council in June 2007. The Planning Committee report described the Novitiate as two attached buildings constructed separately (in 1935 and 1956) to provide accommodation for the Poor Clare Nuns and Franciscan Friars. Several outbuildings and associated structures, such as an ablutions block, halls, storage sheds and greenhouse located within the Novitiate’s surrounds were also proposed to be demolished as part of the application. The Council report confirmed that following the cessation of use for the Nuns and Friars some 15 years before the buildings had been used for the purpose of a drug and alcohol rehabilitation centre, a counselling service and a child care/ minding centre aligned to the Catholic Church. The building had been vacant and disused although a caretaker was present on the site. The report also noted the condition of the buildings and intention to possibly build a new monastery on the site that would be more accommodating to the needs of the aging Nuns and Friars and that would be incorporated with the existing gardens and have a relationship with the Stations of the Cross statues.35 It would appear that the DA was approved and Novitiate buildings demolished from this time. One main brick building remains at the top of the existing driveway to the area. The building appears to date from 1970s and is a simple brick single storey building with basement. It is currently used by Alcoholics Anonymous. The new building discussed in the Planning Committee report has not been realised and the Nuns and Friars continue to occupy separate buildings on the hill to the north and opposite the former Novitiate site.

35 Campbelltown Library, Local Studies Room, Vertical file, “Maryfields”. Planning and Environment Committee Meeting report 9 October 2007.


Figure 2.14 The Novitiate, October 2007 prior to its demolition. (Source: Campbelltown City Library, Local Studies Collection, Stan Brabender Collection

009\009269)

Figure 2.15 The rear of the Novitiate, October 2007. (Source: Campbelltown City Library, Local Studies Collection, Stan Brabender Collection

009\009265)

Since that time, the Friars, with the assistance of an on-site caretaker have continued to maintain and look after site. The statues remain and are only visited occasionally by small and local groups with special permission. There are continued concerns relating to access, condition and security and impacts relating to the development of the local road networks and suburbs. The Statues remain in relatively sound condition, however, some require repair and all require maintenance. It is currently proposed to retain the Stations, particularly the 12th Station and reposition the Garden of Gethsemane and other statues to a more appropriate location on the site. The aim is to improve the use of the site and the accessibility, amenity and condition of the Statues and maintain a sense of the procession and way of the Cross and ascent to the 12th station, which will remain insitu, at the top of the existing mound. It is also proposed to retain the existing water courses and ponds and treed areas which will continue to provide a buffer zone around the items in the context of any future development of the overall site which is intended to assist and fund the long term conservation and ongoing maintenance and repair costs of the statues and their setting.






3.0 Description of the site

3.1 Maryfields The site is located on the northern side of Narellan Road to the west of Campbelltown centre. Narellan Road is a busy and wide dual carriageway and major road extending west from Campbelltown. The site is an irregularly shaped parcel and is also bounded by Maryfields Drive to the north east and easement extending along the Hume Highway/ M5 motorway to its west. The south western corner of the site is in the process of being resumed by Roads and Maritime Services (RMS) to form an off ramp from the Highway to Narellan Road. The Maryfields site features undulating land forms and hills. The land falls from Narellan Road and then generally rises to the north. The site currently comprises of three main areas accessed from two separate roadways extending from Narellan Road. The two roadways are also linked by an unsealed internal roadway. The three areas each contain various modern buildings surrounded by some landscaping and fencing, cultural and native trees and plantings. The various building and site of the former Novitiate occupy elevated areas on the site and enjoys views over the property and surrounding areas. The main roads to the south and west generally separate the site from the developing neighbouring areas. The relatively tight residential development of Blair Athol is visible when looking north of the site. The eastern roadway extends from the south eastern corner of the site and provides direct access to the two small areas located in the north eastern section of the site. The driveway skirts a large lake/ dam which is bounded by a number of mature gum trees. The Maryfields Friary is located at the north eastern corner. Brick posts face the vehicular access and signals the entry to the area. The Friary building is a low scale and modest, modern face brick building constructed in c. 1990. The building is setback from the drive and is surrounded by sealed driveways and planted gardens and open grassed areas. The driveway continues along the rise and is bounded by a high cyclone mesh fence and row of trees and plantings. The Bethlehem Monastery, home to the Poor Clare Sisters sits on a hill above the Friary. The Monastery, which was constructed in 1968 is a large one and two storey face brick building which has been designed about a central courtyard. The building is sited close to the roadway with small car parking area and porte cochere at the front of the building. The area is partially fenced and is also surrounded by open grassed areas and some planting. A small cemetery is also located to the north west of the building. The third and larger area comprises the remainder of the Maryfields site and is characterised by open grassed and treed areas. A creek and associated man-made ponds extend across the southern section of the site, roughly parallel to the Narellan Road frontage. The creek line is heavily vegetated with mainly native trees and grasses including remnant Forest Red Gums, Wattles and Ironbarks. The plantings screen the area from Narellan Road. A second roadway, extending from approximately half way along the Narellan Road frontage provides direct access to the area and leads up to the site of the former homestead and Novitiate (both demolished) and now occupied by a single storey with basement brick building and caretaker’s dwelling. The sealed roadway crosses over the creek line and curves around the open grassed field which is interspersed by the Station of the Cross statues. Two of the Statues are also located along the roadway which also passes an open grassed area small fenced garden (Garden of Gethsemane) is also located near the entry. A palm lined former access is also located in the south western section of the site. The former access signifies the location of the former train stop (Rudd’s Gate later renamed Maryfields). The mature Canary Island palms were planted in 1950 and curve around to a small bridge and gully.


Figure 3.1 The three areas and tree lined access roads are clear when looking at aerial images of the site. Two roadways extend from Narellan Road. One provides access to the site of the demolished Novitiate and remaining buildings and the other to the Monastery and Friary sites. An internal kinked road cuts through the larger area and links the two sealed roadways. (Source: Capital Syndications Pty Ltd/ Benson McCormack Architects)

Figure 3.2 Narellan Road is busy major thoroughfare and extends along a ridgeline. At present two separate breaks in the wide medium strip provide access to the two sealed roadways on the site.

Monastery Site of the former Novitiate Field with Stations Friary Garden of

Gethsemane Access

Figure 3.3 The access at the south eastern corner of the property and eastern end of the Narellan Road frontage provides access to the Franciscan Friary and Bethlehem Monastery.

Figure 3.4 The Narellan Road site frontage falls away from Narellan Road. This section of the site retains a rural character and is covered with native grasses dotted with wattles and some remnant gums.



Figure 3.5 The site also features areas of open grassed areas which remain from the former pastoral use of the site.

Figure 3.6 A natural creek line traversed the southern section of the site, roughly parallel to the Narellan Road alignment and has been formed into a series of lakes and ponds.

Figure 3.7 The eastern roadway curves around the lake along a ridge up to the Friary and Monastery sites which are constructed on a high point on the site. A treed fenced line bounds the Friary site.

Figure 3.8 Open grassed areas close to the eastern site boundary. The relatively dense residential development (of Blair Athol) is visible from the northern sections of the property. Maryfields Road skirts the northern eastern site boundary and separate the sites from the neighbouring residential development.



Figure 3.9 View of the eastern roadway looking south east. Dense planting partially screens the site from Narellan Road. Note the simple fences and some planting which have been added to delineate the areas and Friary site.

Figure 3.10 Two simple brick posts delineate the entry to the Maryfields Friary.

Figure 3.11 The Friary building, which was constructed in 1990, is a modern one and two storey face brick building with gabled and hipped roof forms clad in concrete tiles and aluminium framed windows. The building is setback from the access roadway and frontage and is surrounded by sealed driveways and landscaped gardens.

Figure 3.12 Landscaped garden and planted areas around the Friary retain both native and cultural trees and plantings.



Figure 3.13 View looking south toward the lake and Narellan Road from the Friary gates.

Figure 3.14 The eastern access continues up to the Monastery. Note the mature trees and plantings along the Friary fence line.

Figure 3.15 The Bethlehem Monastery occupies a hill top site in the northern section of the Maryfields site. The Monastery is a low lying, one and two storey face brick complex with low pitched gabled and hipped roof forms clad in concrete tiles.

Figure 3.16 Constructed in c. 1969 the building has a central quadrangle and continues to accommodate elderly Poor Clare Nuns.



Figure 3.17 The building is a relatively simple late twentieth century building embellished by ecclesiastic motifs and elements.

Figure 3.18 The building is setback from the sealed roadway with small car parking area located between. A porte cochere extends from the building entry over a circular driveway which extends from the access road.

Figure 3.19 The western façade of the building which also occupies a relatively self contained and separate fenced area.

Figure 3.20 A small brick building on a concrete slab and cemetery is located to the west of the Monastery. The cottage was relocated and reconstructed here in 1977 and is believed to have provided a temporary home for Fr John Joseph Therry who was the first Catholic priest to migrate to Australia (in 1820) and Campbelltown parish priest in 1835-1838. It is understood that the building was donated by the landowner of its former site somewhere around the intersection of Gilchrist Drive and Narellan Road.



Figure 3.21 Another sealed roadway extends from the mid section of the Narellan Road frontage. The roadway currently provides access to a small Hall which is used by Alcoholics Anonymous, also caretaker’s dwelling and the site of the demolished Novitiate.

Figure 3.22 The access from Narellan Road. The site originally featured timber post and rail and picket fences associated with the former homestead, however, none of these appear to remain.

Figure 3.23 The entry is delineated by low remnant stone walls.

Figure 3.24 The open field located between the two access roadways and was used for car parking during the Via Crucis celebrations. Some indigenous eucalypts line the area and are located along the water line.



Figure 3.25 The Garden of Gethsemane is located close to the entry.

Figure 3.26 The roadway turns into a tree lined avenue bounded by open grassed area and trees including a number of brush box which were planted sometime between 1965 and 1970.

Figure 3.27 View looking south west along the central roadway.

Figure 3.28 The roadway affords views of the water courses and lakes which are bounded by a dense tree line and vegetation.



Figure 3.28 The lake closest to the entrance. The lakes have a picturesque quality enhanced by the mature native trees including Grey Box and Forest Red Gum and exotics including Willows, Golden Cypress, Peppercorn and Poplars which also probably date form the 1960s.

Figure 3.29 The roadway crosses over the water line. The crossing is bounded by the first two Stations of the Cross Statues.

Figure 3.30 The bridge and roadway extends over a small concrete weir.

Figure 3.31 An open paddock to the north of waterline and east of the roadway is currently delineated for car parking.



Figure 3.32 The upper section of the roadway is lined by Brushbox and Bottlebrush. A separate pathway also extends along this section of the roadway.

Figure 3.33 The kiosk building which is currently used for Alcoholics Anonymous meetings is a simple single storey building with basement amenities. Probably constructed in the c. 1970s the building is constructed of face brick with simple gabled roof clad in metal decking and large aluminium framed windows around the ground floor level.

Figure 3.34 The building is constructed on a slope with main entry facing west.

Figure 3.35 The roadway terminated at the “Maryfields” homestead and former Novitiate (both now demolished) which occupied an elevated area.



Figure 3.36 A pair of mature Hoop Pines remain from the “Maryfields” homestead which occupied this area.

Figure 3.37 A small fenced area bounds the caretaker’s quarters and associated outbuildings.

Figure 3.38 The caretaker’s house is modest lightweight building.



Figure 3.39 The Novitiate occupied a flat area near the 12th (just visible mid shot), 13th and 14th Stations.

Figure 3.40 Constructed in two stages in the 1930s and 1950s, the buildings were in poor structural condition by the early 2000s and were demolished in c. 2007-2008. All that remains is an open cleared site and some remnant building materials.

Figure 3.41 View looking from the Novitiate site to the Monastery.

Figure 3.42 An unsealed internal roadway extends through the middle of the site.



Figure 3.43 The internal roadway. The surface was levelled and filled using the crushed bricks and roof tiles of the demolished Novitiate.

Figure 3.44 The remains of another former entry and access from the old Maryfields Station is located in the south western section of the site.

Figure 3.45 The former driveway is marked by a curved avenue of mature Canary Island palms and a small bridge.

Figure 3.46 The palms are a prominent feature of the area and were planted c. 1950.



Figure 3.47 The western boundary also features a number of mature pines and gums.

Figure 3.48 View looking along the early driveway toward the field containing most of the Station of the Cross Statues.

Figure 3.49 The bridge that spans over a gully and water line. Some remnant wire fencing also remains. The 9th Station is just visible mid shot.

Figure 3.50 View of the lake to the west of the central roadway.



Figure 3.51 The bullrushes, trees and wildlife create a romantic and picturesque scene, however, the ambience of the place is now disturbed by the continuous sounds of traffic along Narellan Road.

3.2 The Stations of the Cross There are a total of fourteen Stations which are spread over the south western section of the site. The fourteen Statues each comprise of finely detailed painted terracotta statues approximately 1.2 metres high mounted in a rendered masonry base. The base stands about 3.5 metres high with render formed to resemble rock face stone. The front of the base of each Station has a simple timber cross with engraved number and a decorative precast cement plaque embedded in the render. The plaques feature the Pascal Lamb or chalice, grapes and wheat motif. The back of the base also features a small marble plaque commemorating the various donors. One of these is missing. In addition to the fourteen Stations, at the entry of the site is a pair of Statues set in a landscaped area depicting the Garden of Gethsemane. The statues and associated garden bed and features sit on a stone plinth and raised area which is bounded by flat grassed area and a low chain wire fence with gate probably dating from the late 1930s. A number of olive trees and exotic plantings, some of which are said to come from the Holy Land, are located on the raised garden area. A wrought iron gate opens into the area. Stone flagged steps and path surround the central garden bed and extend to the statues which are the main feature. The Garden was formed after the Stations, however, like the Station statues the figures of Christ and Angel are painted white and finely detailed and sit on a low rendered base. The base features three plaques on the front including two larger marble plaques with inscriptions and a small brass plaque recognising its heritage listing. The rear of the base also has a marble plaque recognising the donors. A light pipe steel arbour with pointed arch protects the statues from the falling branches, leaves and debris from the various surrounding trees and plantings, including a large, mature gum located behind the installation. The Statues are generally in good condition. Some cracking and peeling of paint is evident, in parts revealing the terracotta structure. Some patching and repairs of the minor cracks are also evident. The statues, however, remain intact with the exception of Station 8 which has a damaged base and arm of one of the figures in addition to some cracking at the rear. The rendered bases and plaques also appear in sound condition. Some cracking, soiling and moss growth are evident. Station 13, which is set into a small rise also appears to be leaning.



Figure 3.52 Site plan indicating locations of the Stations. (Source: Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd with William Ashton, Conservation Plan, January 2000)

Site of the demolished Novitiate buildings

Figure 3.53 The Garden of Gethsemane is located near the main entry and adjacent to one of the lakes and a number of mature trees.

Figure 3.54 The open area around the enclosed garden area has a park like character enhanced by the lakes and trees.



Figure 3.55 The statues and associated garden beds and plantings sit on a stone mound surrounded by flat grassed apron and low chain wire fence. A wrought iron gate opens into the area.

Figure 3.56 Like the Station statues the figures of Christ and the Angel are finely detailed and painted white. They sit on a rendered base which features a number of marble and brass plaques. A steel arbour with pointed arch protects the statues from the leaf litter and debris from the surrounding trees which includes one large eucalypt that may be between 80 and 100 years old.



Figure 3.58 The marble plaque on the back of the base recognising the family who donated the statues. It is dated 1939.

Figure 3.59 The first Station which depicts Christ being condemned to death is located on the eastern side of the roadway and before the crossing of the water course. It is believed that this represents Christ’s crossing the brook of Kedron to enter Jerusalem.

Figure 3.60 The first Station. The statue sits on a high, rendered base. A cross and decorative plaque have been embedded in the render on the front of the base and a plaque bearing the names of the donors is located on the back.



Figure 3.61 The first and second Stations are located on each side of the bridge and weir and are the only two Stations located on the eastern side of the roadway and not on the open grassed field.

Figure 3.62 Station 2. The render finish of the base has been formed to resemble stone. The decorative plaques on the front of the base alternatively feature the Pascal Lamb or chalice motif.

Figure 3.63 A locked gate currently separates the first two stations from the other 10 statues which are dispersed across the grassed field which gently rises toward Station 12. Depressions in the grass indicate an old pathway, which was partly covered in shale, however, this has now gone. A timber fence line is also visible in early photographs along the route, however, only the odd post and section remains.



Figure 3.64 Station 3. Stations 3-10 face south, away from the field and Station 12.

Figure 3.65 Station 4 which is located near the base of a tree. It is not clear if this has some significance. The tree was probably planted in the 1960s.



Figure 3.66 Stations 5-9 are virtually in a straight line. It is clear that the large open area and setback from the lakes was provided to accommodate the large crowds anticipated to attend following the initial ceremony.

Figure 3.67 Station 5. All of the Stations, except the 12th were completed by Easter 1937. The timber crosses (some of which retain a painted finish) each bear a number and were placed as part of the ceremony in 1937. The precast concrete decorative plaques are sandstone coloured.

Figure 3.68 Detail of the statue at Station 5.



Figure 3.69 Station 6.

Figure 3.70 Station 7.



Figure 3.71 Station 8, which depicts Jesus speaking to women has sustained some damage to the arm of the western figure and base.

Figure 3.72 The damaged base of Station 8. The arm of the male figure at left is also damaged.

Figure 3.73 There is also a crack at the rear of Station 8.



Figure 3.74 View looking west from Station 8. Station 9 and 10 are at left. A number of trees are located along the western boundary near Station 10 and 11.

Figure 3.75 Station 9. In addition to some minor cracking, some soiling and pollution is also evident on the rendered base. Note Station 12 is visible on the rise at left.

Figure 3.76 View looking east from Station 10.



Figure 3.77 The Stations 10 and 11 are located on a slight incline close to the western site boundary.

Figure 3.78 Station 11 is located within the tree line and close to a fence line (which is failing). The station was relocated as a result of the widening of the Hume Highway. Unlike Stations 3-10, it faces east into the field. The Friars advise that this occurred when RMS resumed land in previous years for the widening of the Hume Highway.



Figure 3.79 The 12th Station is the largest and sits on a smooth rendered high alter and mound representing Calvary. The 12th Station dominates its immediate landscape and provides the focus of the ceremonial pilgrimage. The figure of Christ on the Cross is central with Mary, his Mother and St John either side. The top of the Crucifix is about 7 metres above the ground mound and comprises steel sections.

Figure 3.80 The Crucifix and statues sit on a smooth rendered structure and crypt which is located beneath. A plaque at the back of the base recognises the contribution of the Rudd and Keane families.

Figure 3.81 The mound sits approximately 3 metres above natural ground and covers the crypt which has cruciform plan.



Figure 3.82 A stone grotto has been formed around the crypt entry. Some vegetation, including both native and exotic shrubs and bushes are growing over the stonework.

Figure 3.83 The mound is also surrounded by a number of trees including several tall pines.

Figure 3.84 The 12th Station.

Figure 3.85 View looking west from the 12th Station toward the 11th and 10th Station. Note some lighting has been added to the mound.



Figure 3.86 View of the field and Stations from the 12th Station. Station 13 and 14 are located in the foreground and also face south, into the field. Recent advice from the Friars notes that the 13th and 14th Stations were not correctly located.

Figure 3.87 The 13th Station, which has a slight lean. A painted timber cross has also been bolted to the back of the rendered base.

Figure 3.88 The 14th Station. A remnant timber barrier, probably a much later version or addition remains in front of the Station which faces the open field.



Figure 3.89 Station 14 represents the laying of Christ in the tomb and terminates the ceremony. A small crack at the base of the back of the statue reveals the terracotta structure.

Figure 3.90 Station 14 was vandalised about 15 years ago and repaired at this time. Like most of the other Stations the rendered base has some cracking. The top is soiled and retaining moisture.

3.3 Summary analysis “Maryfields” remains as a relatively undeveloped, large parcel of the land and reminder of an early farm that comprised of over 67 acres acquired by the Rudd family and later members of the Keane family (related by marriage). Large areas of former pastureland remain, however, some regeneration and planting of native and exotic trees has occurred, particularly in the gullies and along the watercourse and man-made lakes and ponds on the site. Renowned for their generosity and charity the family gifted the property to the Franciscan order in the late 1920s. The order finally occupied the homestead buildings in 1934 and constructed the first stage of their Novitiate to its immediate west, on an elevated area overlooking the property. In the following year they initiated an outdoor Via Crucis/ Way of the Cross ceremony, taking advantage of the relatively isolated, “rural” location of the site and local tramway and train services to the area which could convey those wishing to take part on the Good Friday pilgrimage. Perumal Murphy Alessi, Heritage Consultants ▪ PM-13032 53



The success of the initial event which used timber crosses and a large timber Crucifix to mark the Stations, prompted the Friars and supporters of the event to construct a permanent installation that could withstand the elements. With the help of a number of donors terracotta statues were imported from France and statues mounted on high pedestals along the access road and open field to recreate Christ’s journey to Calvary. Most of the Statues were completed by Easter 1937, the 12th Station which was constructed on an artificial mound and over a crypt was subsequently finished with the Garden of Gethsemane also following later. The site itself was not of any particular religious significance, but rather was an open space, owned by the Franciscan order that would accommodate the large crowds it was hoped would attend and due to its location would symbolise a “pilgrimage”. The order was associated with perpetuating the figure of the Cross and the ritual. The statues were imported to the site as an aid to assist contemplation and were not intended to be objects of worship themselves. This is highlighted by the fact that simple timber crosses were used as part of the first Way of the Cross ceremony in 1936. From a religious point of view the aesthetic or scenic qualities of the landscape were relatively unimportant, and were provided for their representational value and contribution to the experience of the pilgrimage and contemplation of Christ’s sacrifice. The Stations were placed at wide intervals to accommodate anticipated 10,000 + crowds. From the mid 20th century numbers dwindled to around 2,000-3,000 which more or less continues today with only local and special pre-organised attendances. The outdoor setting has, however, impacted on the condition of the Stations, particularly those located in the open field with signs of weathering and cracking and deterioration due to water ingress. Combined with a lack of funds for maintenance and repair, there is concern that they will eventually dilapidate beyond repair. Their safety is also of concern in light of ongoing development of the area. The site is not publicly accessible without permission, however, whilst the existing gates and fences may act as a deterrent, they offer no real security. The Novitiate buildings overlooked the site and provided a form of natural surveillance and security. The buildings, however, were demolished in c. 2007-2008. The Friars had vacated the building sometime prior. The Friars (and Poor Clare Nuns) are dramatically dwindling in numbers. Only three Friars currently occupy the existing Friary in the north eastern section of the site. The Friars intend to relocate from Campbelltown entirely in the near future. The early photographs are notable for the scene of the large crowds attending, against a backdrop of a serene, barren rural landscape. The site, without the crowds, presents as an open field reminiscent of its early days as cleared pastureland but dotted by the statuary, virtually the only vertical elements in the pasture. The early images show timber fences and barricades which, with the exception of the odd post, have all disappeared. The Friars created lakes and ponds from the natural creek line that traversed the southern section of the site and also appear to have planted native and exotic trees. The planted and remnant native trees, watercourse and lakes bound the area occupied by the statues and partially screen it from the buildings that were developed on the site and early access road (Narellan Road) and railway which extended along its alignment until 1963. The road has since been developed and no remnants of the rail line or Rudd’s Gate/ Maryfields station remains. The siding formation will disappear in the next 12 months with the widening of Narellan Road. In the 1950s the Friars constructed additions to the Novitiate, which was opened in 1956 and it would appear created tree lined driveways and avenues to access the various buildings and site. The Bethlehem Monastery was constructed in c. 1969 on another hill and elevated area to the north east of the Novitiate. This building continues to be occupied by the Poor Clare Nuns. A smaller Friary was constructed below the Monastery in 1990, by this time the order had moved its focus from Maryfields back to Waverley and other areas and Novitiate buildings were leased and used by a number of educational groups.



The old “Maryfields” house which had been occupied by the Rudd/ Keane families was demolished in the 1990s, it is assumed following the opening of the new Friary. The Novitiate buildings were also demolished in c. 2007/2009 following the relocation of the main Friary activities off the site and a structural assessment which deemed the main building to be in extremely poor condition. The roadways and associated “avenues” generally remain although have not been greatly maintained and now access an open and cleared site in addition to a “kiosk” building (currently used by AA and possibly constructed in the 1970s) and later caretaker’s facilities. The Monastery and Friary buildings continue to be used and remain as separate entities with separate access and potential additional connections to the residential areas to the north. The Via Crucis/ Way of the Cross ceremony ceased in 1990. A number of factors contributed to the decline in numbers attending the ceremony including the closure of the tramway in c. 1963, and changes brought about by Vatican II and a shift away from large group events to smaller local community based celebrations centred about a Church. Other factors including inclement weather and the burden on the Franciscan order also played a part. In 1993 the Campbelltown Heritage Study only recognised the Stations of the Cross statues as being of cultural significance. The Stations of the Cross were subsequently listed as heritage items. The listing also appears to include the Garden of Gethsemane. No other elements on the site were listed or recognised. The reduced need and use of the site and vandalism of one of the statues prompted the consideration of a number of options for the site during the late 1990s. Various studies, including a Conservation Plan on the Stations of the Cross were prepared in the context of the proposed rezoning of the site. In 2000 Council resolved that the option of “do nothing” be adopted. However, concerns relating to their overall condition and ongoing maintenance and security remain and now require some consideration in light of the proposed relocation of the Friary and further developments around the site. More land along the western portion of the site and in particular the south western corner will be resumed by RMS to accommodate further extensions to the Hume Highway and off ramp to Narellan Road that will cut across the corner of the site. The existing buildings on the site and associated elements have not been recognised by the heritage listing. These buildings, including the current Monastery, Friary, caretaker’s residence and “kiosk”, generally date from a later period of the site’s development and are considered to be of little cultural value. They were not recognised by the previous studies, including the 2000 Conservation Plan as having any particular cultural significance. The cemetery is of some significance to the Poor Clare nuns and Friars. Further research may be required in relation to the brick cottage which is located adjacent. The cottage itself is not particularly remarkable and has been reconstructed on a modern concrete slab. However, the cottage is believed to have some association with Father John Joseph Therry, the first migrant Catholic priest who arrived in Australia in 1820 and was parish priest in Campbelltown in the years between 1835 and 1838. Father Therry was not a Franciscan priest, however, is a notable figure with strong association to the local early Irish community and it would appear that this association and development of its former site (in the vicinity of the intersection of Gilchrist Drive and Narellan Road, possibly the TAFE site) lead to its relocation and appeal to the Order to accommodate the building.





4.0 Assessment of Significance

4.1 Evaluation criteria The following assessment of heritage significance has been prepared utilising the current evaluation criteria established by the New South Wales Heritage Council. Only the Stations of the Cross Statues have been listed as heritage items, however, the Stations and their context has been assessed. The remaining buildings and associated elements mostly date from a later period of development and have not been recognised by any listing and have not been assessed. Criterion (a) – An item is important in the course, or pattern, of NSW’s cultural or

natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area) The Stations of the Cross at Maryfields survives as a reminder of a notable event in the history of religious worship in Australia. The observance of the Way of the Cross has been celebrated in one form or another since the early years of Christendom. The annual celebration at Maryfields which was commenced in 1936 reflects the beliefs and attitude of the Catholic Church in the Inter-war and Post-war periods and prior to Vatican II (1970s). Initially timber crosses were used to mark the stages of the procession with permanent statues later provided as aids to contemplation. The cessation of the ceremony at Maryfields in 1990 represents the shift away from the large scale pilgrimage and ceremony to smaller scale, parish based celebrations based on the Vatican II principles and also developments in the local area with the closure of the local train line and expansion of the road networks which impacted on the pilgrimage experience. The Garden of Gethsemane is also of some significance for its association with the annual Way of the Cross event. The area, near the entrance was used as meeting place, represents part of the story and interprets events of the night before Christ’s crucifixion. The site is of local significance as a remnant part of an early former farm and homestead owned and occupied by a prominent local family. The original holding has been reduced and affected by development of the local road networks and original homestead has been demolished which represents the growth and development of the area and site and shift away from the pastoral uses of the area. Criterion (b) - An item has strong or special association with the life or works of a

person, or group of persons, of importance in NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area)

The site is significant for its association with the Rudd and Keane families who owned and occupied the land for over 100 years and donated it to the Franciscan order. Their association is marked by the plaque on the 12th Station recognising their donation and sponsorship. The site is also associated with the Franciscan Order of Friars Minor and affiliated Poor Clare Nuns who have occupied the site since the mid 1930s and late 1960s respectively. The Friars and Nuns continue to occupy part of the site, although in a greatly reduced capacity. The relocation of the Novitiate functions and subsequent demolition of the Novitiate buildings has reduced this association and significance.



Criterion (c) - An item is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics

and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in NSW (or the cultural or natural history of the local area)

The Statues themselves are good and finely crafted painted terracotta figures which were imported from France in the 1930s. The Statues are largely intact and continue to represent a scene to aid contemplation. The high bases were constructed so that the statues could be visible above a crowd and are simple brick structures rendered to resemble stonework. The bases are in varying and degraded condition, however, are enhanced by the precast concrete decorative panels, timber crosses and marble plaques. The landscape setting of the statues, particularly the ponds and watercourses, open hillside and rise to the 12th Station are also of some aesthetic significance as a backdrop and for their contribution to the experience, symbolising and interpreting Christ’s journey to Calvary. The site significantly retains remnant cleared areas and evidence of its pastoral use and sense of the former natural creek line that traversed the site. The associated green zone, trees and plantings about the watercourses and roadways were developed, planted and regenerated, following the establishment of the Stations and are of some aesthetic significance for the character they impart to the area. The remnant Red Gum forest and other eucalypts are indicative of the early character of the area. Planted avenues of trees along the roadway and palms along the original access from the old Station were intended to enhance the experience and make a contribution to the aesthetic character of the site. The two remaining Hoop Pines are also of some aesthetic significance and remain from the initial homestead use of the site. Criterion (d) - An item has strong or special association with a particular

community or cultural group in NSW (or the local area) for social, cultural or spiritual reasons

The Stations of the Cross statues are associated with the Catholic Church and various religious groups who assisted the Franciscan Order of Friars Minor to organise and establish the Via Crucis/ Way of the Cross event on the site and participated in the event until 1990. The Stations are valued by the members of the two Catholic religious orders who continue to reside at Maryfields and are well known to the local community and serve as a reminder of the historical uses of the site. Criterion (e) - An item has potential to yield information that will contribute to an

understanding of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area)

The Stations of the Cross at Maryfields remains as a reminder of the open air and large scale celebration of the Stations of the Cross ceremony which contributes to an understanding of Catholic practices prior to Vatican II. The statues themselves, whilst finely crafted, are typical religious statues symbolising various scenes. The bases are also constructed using standard materials and are of no particular significance in themselves. The timber crosses and decorative plaques are also relatively simple and standard elements. The various marble plaques attached to the rear of statues are of some significance and make note of the particular donors.



Criterion (f) - An item possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of

NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area)

The ceremony of the Stations continues on the site in a limited way and by all Catholic Churches on Good Friday. The Stations are not recognised elsewhere, however, (in their many forms) remain an integral part of the design of Catholic Churches throughout Australia and over the world. There are other outdoor examples in Australia which also appear to have been constructed later, including a group of fourteen marble statues at set along a circuit in a garden at the Passionist Catholic Monastery, (Glen Osmond) in Adelaide (c. 1955), also large stone statues on rendered and brick bases near Bacchus Marsh in Victoria. A new facility is also currently under construction at Woronora Cemetery in Sydney’s south. Criterion (g) - An item is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics

of a class of NSW’s • cultural or natural places; or • cultural or natural environments.

(or a class of the local area’s cultural or natural places; or

• cultural or natural environments) The Stations of the Cross statues at Maryfields are examples of good and intact group of Statues that demonstrate the Inter-war and Post-war Catholic practice and celebration of the Via Crucis/ Way of the Cross. 4.2 Statement of Significance The Stations of Cross Statues and Garden of Gethsemane at Maryfields are of local historic, aesthetic and social significance as a group of statues that remain as evidence of a notable event in the history of religious worship in Australia. The annual celebration at Maryfields commenced in 1936 reflects the beliefs and attitude of the Catholic Church in the Inter-war and Post-war periods and prior to Vatican II (1970s). The cessation of the ceremony at Maryfields in 1990 represents the shift away from the large scale pilgrimage and ceremony to smaller scale, parish based celebrations based on the Vatican II principles and also developments in the local area with the closure of the local train line and expansion of the road networks which impacted on the pilgrimage experience. The ceremony continues to be celebrated on the site, albeit in reduced and smaller way. Despite physical changes to the site, such as the roadway resumptions and relocation of one of the statues, the group are of some aesthetic significance as a good representation of Christ’s journey to Calvary and are enhanced by the natural features and cultural landscape defined by the ponds and lakes and associated native and cultural/ exotic plantings, open grassed area and symbolic rise to the 12th station. The site and Stations are associated with the Catholic Church and in particular the Franciscan Order of Friars Minor and Poor Clare Nuns who have continued to occupy the site since the 1930s and 1960s (respectively), although this association has been reduced by the relocation of the Order office and functions, demolition of the Novitiate buildings and reduction of their use of the site.





5.0 The Proposed Works It is currently proposed to retain and reposition most of the Station of the Cross statues and rezone part of the site for both residential and business uses as illustrated in the drawings and documentation prepared by Benson McCormack Architects Pty Ltd. The Statues will be retained and will continue to occupy the south western portion of the Maryfields site. The 12th Station will remain insitu and other statues, including the Garden of Gethsemane are proposed to be repositioned within a reduced curtilage and “heritage precinct” with the existing lakes and associated green zone along the Narellan Road frontage which will be retained and continue to provide a backdrop and symbolic water crossing. It is proposed to provide a new sealed pedestrian pathway along the northern side of the western lake within the existing open field with circuit extending up to the 12th Station. The Stations will partly follow the same alignment of the existing locations and will face the pathway. The existing form and rise will be retained with Station 13 and 14 located below, at the end of the circuit. The Statues It is proposed to reposition the Garden of Gethsemane statues to the west of their current location to the western side of the access road and south of the existing western lake and weir/crossing. The stone mound and associated garden including fencing and gate are proposed to be recreated in line with the water crossing to the first Station. Stations 1 and 2 are also proposed to be moved northwest and west (respectively) of their current locations to the western side of the roadway. Stations 3 to 11 are also proposed to be repositioned as illustrated in the plans and will continue to surround and will face the open green area. Stations 13 and 14 are also proposed to be repositioned to the south and west (respectively) of their current locations based on advice from the Friars who have noted that they were originally incorrectly positioned. The statues will be carefully removed from the existing brick and rendered bases, repaired and remounted on new bases with appropriate footings to match the existing form and appearance. The various plaques and crosses will also be retained if possible, reinstated or recreated to match. The pathway will continue to form a circuit and overall is intended to form part of a leisure ground and green belt along the southern boundary and Narellan Road frontage of the site. Access, roads and car parking A new integrated and controlled entry is proposed along the Narellan Road frontage to provide safe vehicular access to the site. A wide landscaped roadway is proposed to extend from the new entry and follow part of the existing road alignment in a circuit to connect to the proposed zones. A public parking area for Stations of the Cross ceremonies is proposed on the northern side of the roadway, to the south of the central pond and east of the existing Garden of Gethsemane area. The existing mature gum and trees located in this area and evidence of the original location of the Garden will be retained as part of the green landscaped zone. A secondary roadway is also proposed to extend parallel to the Narellan Road alignment from the main access road to provide access to another public car parking area for the proposed Interpretive Centre/ Garden and Columbarium to be located in the south western corner of the site. This section of the site will be reduced by the newly approved off ramp connecting to Narellan Road from the Hume Highway.



This ramp will cut the south western corner of the site in close proximity to the Stations and will require the resumption of 1,790m2 of land by the RMS and with the widening of Narellan Road will also remove the former tramway siding. However, the old tram entry area and associated access and row of palms will be retained and used to provide access to the Stations and proposed facilities in this section of the site. The Columbarium is proposed to combine public amenities, Chapel and caretaker’s office/residence. The structure will be modern in architectural design in character and with screen planting and barriers provided by RMS will provide a buffer from the Hume Highway and Narellan Road. Zones and precincts As noted above the statues and associated lakes, trees and plantings are proposed to be retained and form part of a heritage and green zone and leisure grounds which will extend along the Narellan Road frontage of the site. A seniors living precinct is proposed in the area to the immediate north of the Stations of the Cross and associated leisure grounds precinct. It is envisaged that some integration of the two zones will occur and that the visual curtilage of the Stations will be extended into the seniors precinct. Green open space and the improved main roadway will separate the seniors zone from the proposed residential precinct to its north (north western corner of the site) and business districts to its east. It is proposed to remove the existing kiosk building and caretaker’s residence and associated elements, however, the existing trees and particularly the remaining Hoop Pines associated with the early use of the site are proposed to be retained within a central ecology zone which will extend east and continue to bound the eastern pond/lake and separation between the proposed business precincts. As this stage, the site of the existing Monastery and associated buildings will remain with a new access road proposed to extend from an existing round-about on Maryfields Drive. The existing cemetery and cottage currently located to the west of the Monastery is also proposed to be retained and is proposed to form part of an open green reserve (St Clare Memorial Reserve). The existing Friary and immediate landscaping is also proposed to be retained at this stage with separate access road also proposed to extend from Maryfields Drive. Both the Monastery and Friary sites have been identified as future residential precincts. The overall works are intended to improve the access and use of the site and to provide an income so that the long term conservation and maintenance of the Stations can occur. The attrition and relocation of active Friars on the site has created a reduced presence. A number of options have been reviewed with regard to the proposed zones. The proposed rezoning and particularly the proposed senior living precinct has been located to the immediate north of the Statues as it is envisaged that such a use can enjoy the amenity of the proposed leisure gardens, walks and features of the proposed heritage zone and additionally will provide natural surveillance that overall enhances the use and security for the items. Interpretive elements such as signage, plaques and landscape elements referring to the past uses and associations of the site are also generally proposed to be incorporated around the site. Various studies and analysis of the site has been undertaken by a team of consultants in order to inform and assess the various options. One of the studies commissioned, an Aboriginal Heritage Due Diligence Assessment of the site (Niche Environment and Heritage, October 2013) found one item and identified one PAD in the central section of the site and has made a number of recommendations regarding the future management of the area and to reduce any potential impacts of the proposed rezoning and any redevelopment.



6.0 Heritage Impact Assessment The following assessment refers to the Campbelltown Local Environmental Plan 2002, Development Control Plan No. 83 – Heritage Policy and relevant questions contained in the guideline document prepared by the NSW Heritage Branch, Office of Environment and Heritage.

6.1 Campbelltown LEP 2002 & DCP No. 83 In relation to clause 44 Protection of heritage items and heritage conservation areas (4) What must be included in assessing a development application?

Before granting a consent required by this clause, the consent authority must assess the extent to which the carrying out of the proposed development would affect the heritage significance of the heritage item or heritage conservation area concerned.

(6) The minimum number of issues that must be addressed by the heritage impact statement are: (a) for development that would affect a heritage item:

(i) the heritage significance of the item as part of the environmental heritage of the

City of Campbelltown, and The significance of the Stations of the Cross at Maryfields relate to their historic and social associations and aesthetic character and values of their setting. The proposed works are considered acceptable as these values will remain. The Statues will be retained on the site and continue to be a reminder of an event that was important in the history of the Catholic Church and also Campbelltown. The main element, the 12th Station will significantly be retained insitu and will remain a focal point of the group which will continue to occupy an open green field. The early access in the south western corner of the site and associated trees, lakes and ponds and green backdrop including remnant native forest will also be retained and continue to form part of a green zone and buffer along this section of Narellan Road. The proposed repositioning of all but the 12th Station and repositioning of the Garden of Gethsemane statues has been carefully considered and will have acceptable impacts on the statues and no impact on the overall experience. The proposed new locations align with the existing locations and the symbolic crossing of a water course and rise to the 12th Station will be retained. The statues will continue to be visual reminders and a sense of the pilgrimage and open setting will be retained. The improved vehicular access to the site, car parking areas and proposed pathways are a positive impact that will contribute to the sense of “pilgrimage” and facilitate greater visitation and interpretation. The association with the Friars and Poor Clare nuns will also be retained by the proposed Columbarium, Interpretive Centre/ Garden for St Francis of Assisi and St Clare Memorial Reserve. The statues and bases are in varying condition. Any adverse impacts are reduced by the maintenance and repair of the statues and provision of sound footings and opportunity that the proposed rezoning of the site will provide for the ongoing conservation and maintenance so that they continue to be an active part and feature of the City of Campbelltown.

(ii) the impact that the proposed development will have on the heritage significance of the item and its setting, including any landscape or horticultural features, and



The main setting of the Statues and associated horticultural features including the ponds and lakes and associated native and exotic trees and plantings, open grassed fields, tree lined roadways and a sense of the original access will be retained and continue to provide a picturesque and ambient setting and backdrop and also buffer for the items particularly from Narellan Road. The proposed Columbarium and elements proposed in the south western section of the site will enhance the experience and visitation to the site and are also proposed to provide a buffer from the approved new off ramp and connection between the Hume Highway and Narellan Road which will require resumption of part of the current site. The proposed rezoning has been carefully considered and a number of options assessed in order to maintain an appropriate setting and curtilage for the Statues. Various ecological zones and treed areas across the site are also proposed to be retained so that a sense of the existing landscape and rural setting is retained. Additional open green spaces and reserves have also been proposed to retain and highlight the former associations and elements including existing cultural plantings including the two Hoop Pines associated with the pastoral use of the site, native plantings and the cemetery. It is envisaged that the visual curtilage of the heritage precinct will be extended into the seniors living precinct proposed to be located to the immediate north. This use will enable an open interface and connection with curtilage around the statues and proposed pathways which is considered a positive heritage impact.

(iii) the measures proposed to conserve the heritage significance of the item and its setting, and

Whilst most of the statues are proposed to be repositioned they will continue to occupy the same open, green setting near the lakes and features provided by the Friars. The associated water features, trees and plantings will be retained and rise to the 12th Station will also be maintained. The greater area and setting will also be enhanced by delineated car parking areas and sealed pathways to provide safe and clear access to the statues. Important features associated with site, setting and sense of place of the Stations including the tree lined roads and row of Canary Palms and line of the former entry in the south western section of the site will also be retained and enhanced by the proposed works which is consistent with the design principles and objectives of DCP No. 83.

(iv) whether any archaeological site or potential archaeological site would be adversely affected by the proposed development, and

The site around the statues has remained undeveloped and has long been part of cleared pastureland that bounded a natural creek line which has been altered to form lakes and ponds. The area has also been planted. The area has not been identified as being of any archaeological significance and archaeological potential of this section of the site as such is considered to be low and or highly disturbed. The repositioning of the statues will not require any large scale excavation or trenching. The statues do not appear to currently have any major footings or foundations, however, appropriate spot footings and a new pathway will be provided but are unlikely to create any adverse impacts. The proposed Columbarium is to be located in an area which remains undeveloped. Any remains of the former tram siding and railway line that accessed this section of the site were removed and affected by previous works and extensions to Narellan Road and would not reveal any new information. However, should any resources be uncovered, advice from a qualified archaeologist will be sought.



The Aboriginal Heritage Due Diligence Assessment prepared on the site (Niche, October 2013) also notes that the whole area has been disturbed through the clearing of the dense vegetation and use of the property for grazing. It also confirms that the buildings and roads constructed would have created additional ground disturbance and as such the majority of the site has low potential for Aboriginal sites. The topography, distance from water sources and land disturbance contributing to this assessment. One site and a PAD, however, were found and a number of recommendations and actions have been made to mitigate any potential adverse impacts of the proposed rezoning and any redevelopment of the site.

(v) the extent to which the carrying out of the proposed development would affect the form of any historic subdivision,

The site currently remains a large semi-rural property, however, has been affected by and will continue to be affected by the development and widening of the surrounding road networks and to some extent the sprawl associated with the surrounding residential development including Blair Athol in the last 15 years and the Landcom development to the south over the next 15 years. The proposed rezoning of the site will have some impact on the overall perception and form of the site. However, the long Narellan Road frontage and open green zone and waterways to the south of the statues and surrounding open field and curtilage will be retained.

49 Development in the vicinity of a heritage item

(1) Before granting consent to development in the vicinity of a heritage item, the consent authority must assess the impact of the proposed development on the heritage significance of the heritage item and of any heritage conservation area within which it is situated.

(2) This clause extends to development:

(a) that may have an impact on the setting of a heritage item, for example, by affecting a significant view to or from the item or by overshadowing, or

The primary views of the Statues are along the route of the “procession” and from the area to the north and location of the former Novitiate. These primary views will be retained and it is considered enhanced by the proposed works. The proposed rezoning and use the site will enhance visitation, visibility and interpretation of the items also provide some security and natural surveillance. The Statues are contained within an open curtilage. Any potential shadow impacts from the proposed seniors precinct can be managed and reduced by careful design and setbacks of any buildings and elements.

(b) that may undermine or otherwise cause physical damage to a heritage item, or The Statues will be located in an open curtilage. Any new buildings and elements will be setback from the Statues in order to avoid any potential physical impacts.

(c) that will otherwise have any adverse impact on the heritage significance of a heritage item or of any heritage conservation area within which it is situated.

The proposed rezoning has been carefully considered and incorporates open green and landscaped areas that provide setbacks and a buffer to protect the Statues and their setting.



(4) The heritage impact statement should include details of the size, shape and scale of, setbacks

for, and the materials to be used in, any proposed buildings or works and details of any modification that would reduce the impact of the proposed development on the heritage significance of the heritage item.

The rezoning proposes a relatively low scale senior living precinct to the north of the Statues. An open curtilage is proposed around the statues and proposed seniors living zone will be setback from the area of the statues and curtilage. Other precincts are also setback from the Statues with open areas, widened roadway, trees and plantings located between. 6.2 Heritage Branch criteria The relevant questions have been considered in detail as follows. How is the impact of the new development on the heritage significance of the item to be minimised? The proposed works are intended to improve the use and amenity of the site, condition, use and interpretation of the Stations of the Cross and Garden of Gethsemane statues. The proposed works have been carefully considered and are considered to be consistent with the objectives of DCP No. 83 and sound heritage practice. The proposed rezoning has been in part been proposed to ensure the long term conservation and maintenance of the Statues and experience they represent. Any potential heritage impacts of the proposed works on the Stations of the Cross and their contribution to the area are minimised in the following ways:

retention and repair of the Statues and provision of sound footings and base in the same area about a watercourse and open grassed field;

retention of the experience, the journey and “rise” to the 12th station; retention of the 12th Station insitu and the visual and physical focus of the group; repositioning of particularly the 13th and 14th stations to a more appropriate location; provision of safe and equitable access to the site and Stations; provision of open green and landscaped backdrop, curtilage and buffer about the Statues

and Garden of Gethsemane; retention of evidence of the uses of the site including open grassed area and Hoop pines

which indicate the former pastoral uses, also cemetery and green zones with native and cultural plantings;

provision of interpretive elements including the Columbarium and associated tree lined avenue that formed part of the early access to the site and gardens;

retention of the cemetery which also reflects historical associations of the site and open reserve areas;

by the proposed low scale senior living zone to the immediate north of the site which can be designed to integrate with the heritage precinct and provides surveillance and buffer from the proposed residential and business precincts; and

by the setback of the proposed residential and business precincts from the Statues with wide roads, landscaped and green areas between.

How does the new development affect views to, and from, the item? What has been done to minimise negative effects? The primary views to the Statues are currently across the open field they currently occupy, from the tree lined avenue and early access in the south western section of the site and from the rise and area around the 12th Station.



The proposed repositioning of the Statues and rezoning will have no adverse impact on these primary views which will be retained. The 12th Station and open area will remain and continue to provide views down to the Statues which will continue to be located about the open field. The open field also the early tree lined access in the south eastern corner of the site will be retained. Any adverse impacts are mitigated by the provision of sealed pathways and improved access which it is considered will actually improve views to and from the Statues and surrounds. Is the development sited on any known or potentially significant archaeological deposits? The archaeological potential of the area around the Statues is considered to be low and or highly disturbed. The proposed repositioning of the Statues and provision of associated pathways and elements in the south western corner of the site as such is not likely to have any impact on any significant archaeological deposits. The overall site remains semi-rural and southern portion in particular was used as open pastureland and natural creek line altered and disturbed by the creation of ponds and lakes and planting by the Friars. Any evidence of the former tramline and station have been removed and disturbed by previous road works along Narellan Road. No Aboriginal sites were found in the area. The Statues themselves will be retained. Whilst it is proposed to replace the bases and provide adequate footings the existing bases are of no real significance in themselves and incorporate standard building materials (brick and cement render) and techniques. The various plaques and crosses will be retained and reinstated or replicated to match in the new bases. Other areas of European archaeological interest include the cemetery and associated cottage which will be retained. The former Maryfields homestead and Novitiate have long been removed. Whilst some subsurface deposits may remain, these are not likely to reveal any new information which is not available elsewhere. The former Novitiate was constructed in two stages in the twentieth century and incorporated standard construction materials and techniques. The homestead dates from the 19th century, however, any remains are also likely to have been highly disturbed by the development of the Novitiate and associated buildings and construction of the existing caretaker’s facilities. As noted above a number of recommendations and actions have been identified to reduce any potential impact on any Aboriginal relics from the proposed rezoning of the site. Is the new development sympathetic to the item? Will the additions visually dominate the item? Will the public, and users of the item still be able to view and appreciate its significance? The repositioning of the Station of the Cross and Garden of Gethsemane statues and provision of a reduced curtilage is proposed to enable rezoning of the site and to assist the long term use, conservation and maintenance of the Statues. Whilst the Statues are of some aesthetic significance, they are primarily significant as visual cues and as a reminder of a significant event that occurred on the site between 1936 and 1990. The proposed works are considered sympathetic as the Statues will be repaired, retained and will remain on the site. Overall the Statues will form part of a heritage precinct and green zone extending across this section of Narellan Road. The proposed repositioning has been carefully considered to ensure that the Statues remain visible within an open field and their primary setting including ornamental lakes and ponds, trees and plantings and former access is also retained.



The proposed repositioning and works including new pathways will ensure that the Statues are accessible and will continue to be interpreted. The use and appreciation of the Statues will also be enhanced by the proposed improved vehicular access, car parks also Columbarium and Interpretive Centre/ garden area. The proposed seniors living precinct located to the immediate north of the site is considered to be an appropriate use that can provide some inter-connection and natural surveillance of the site. Any proposed buildings are envisaged to be low scale and can be setback from the Statues. Other precincts and potential developments have also been setback from the Statues with open space and green zones, also widened access roads and plantings located between. As such the public and users of the items will still be able to view and appreciate the significance of the Statues and site. 6.3 Conclusion and recommendations In summary the proposed repositioning of the Station of Cross and Garden of Gethsemane Statues at Maryfields, Campbelltown, and rezoning of the site is considered acceptable from a heritage point of view. The Statues will be repaired and remain on the site as visual cues and as a reminder of the significant even that occurred here in the years between 1936 and 1990. The reduced curtilage and repositioning has been carefully considered so that a sense of the “pilgrimage” and experience of rising to the 12th Station is retained and can continue to be interpreted. The Statues will continue to occupy an open grassed field with ornamental lakes and ponds, trees and plantings as their backdrop. The proposed pathways, improved vehicular access to the site, works to the roadways and provision of delineated car parking areas are considered a positive impact and will provide safe and equitable access and improve the use and interpretation of the item and site. The Statues will form part of a green zone along this section of Narellan Road which will make a positive contribution to the area. The green zone and proposed elements including the proposed Columbarium and Interpretive Centre/ garden will enhance the use and interpretation of the item and past uses of the site but also provide a buffer from upcoming development of the Hume Highway and Narellan Road and surrounding area. The proposed rezoning of the site will facilitate the much needed repair and long term conservation and maintenance of the Statues and interpretation of their values so that they can continue to contribute to the cultural heritage of the City of Campbelltown. Any adverse impacts are reduced by the retention of the Statues, journey and experience, associated elements on the site such as the early Hoop pines and other cultural and native plantings, also the cemetery and provision of open green spaces and reserves and setback of the potential development sites from the item. On this basis, Council should have no hesitation in approving the proposed works on heritage grounds.

Documents

PERUMAL MURPHY ALESSI - City of Campbelltown · PERUMAL MURPHY ALESSI Level 2, 458-468 Wattle Street Ultimo NSW 2007 Australia T: 61 2 9212 5524 E : [email protected] A.B.N