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Perspectives on Visualization and Science: Communication and DiscoveryJune 11, 2019
Nicholas F. Polys, Ph.D.
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Topic Overview
• Visualization and Scientific Discovery
• What?
• Why?
• Big Data Paradigms
• Where?
• How?
• Access
• Who?
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Visualization and Scientific Discovery
What?
Why?
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Human Vision
Highest bandwidth sense
• Fast, parallel
• Pattern recognition
• Pre-attentive
• Extends memory and cognitive capacity
• (Multiplication test)
• People think visually
• Brain = 8 lbs, vision = 3 lbs
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Visual Thinking
• Many of the great scientists were good at visual thinking:
– Leonardo da Vinci– James Clerk Maxwell– Michael Faraday– Albert Einstein
• This was often at the expense of verbal skills
• Tom West : “In the Mind’s Eye”– See also
http://www.krasnow.gmu.edu/twest/maxwell_visual.html Maxwell’s clay model now in
New Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge
(picture by Tom West)
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Visualization: A Definition
Generally:
“The use of computer-supported, interactive, visual representations of data to amplify cognition “
Card, McKinlay and Schneiderman
• Scientific Visualization
• Information Visualization
• Virtual Environments
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Visualization as a Scientific Instrument
• Making the invisible visible:
• Tele-scope
• Micro-scope
• Digi-scope
• …
• Femto-scope
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Which state has highest income?
Relationship between income and education?
Outliers?
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Per Capita Income
Colle
ge D
egre
e %
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Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Order these Chips
?
?
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
?
?
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Features: Color
The rainbow spectrum is not a
perceptually linear sequence
(not pre-attentive)!
(Keller 1993; Ware, )
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Spatial Contrast Sensitivity
3x accuity in grayscale:
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Edward Tufte
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Les Mis characters (Jeff Heer)
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Belle II VR
For desktop and Steam VR: VT ICAT
Duer, Upthergrove, Piilonen, Polys, Glasson, et al
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http://www1.phys.vt.edu/~piilonen/VR/
SteamVR
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Visualization: Big Data Paradigms
Where?
How?
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Approaches to Exa-Scalability
Numerous, highly-dimensional observations require special, pragmatic attention:
• Algorithmic Elegance:
• Sampling & Aggregation Strategies
• Data Compression (including POD)
• Brute Force:
• Remote Rendering
• Domain Relevance:
• In-Situ methods
• Human-in-the-Loop Machine Learning (Semantic Interaction)
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Scaling to Interaction
• Frame-rates are essential for throughput & Usability
• Using HPC clusters for Rendering:
• Parallel IO
• Fast network
• Fast GPUs
• Load balancing software like Paraview, Visit
• Experiment: VT’s Blue Ridge
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Visualization Where?
• Remote Rendering
• In-Situ methods
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HPC cluster rendering for Interactive frame rates on big data
12.8 million cells, total 11 GB
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HPC cluster rendering for Interactive frame rates on big data
9600 files total 28 GB
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Remote Visualization
Faiz Abidi, Nicholas Polys, Srijith Rajamohan, Lance Arsenault, and AyatMohammed. 2018. Remote high performance visualization of big data for immersive science. In Proceedings of the High Performance Computing Symposium (HPC '18). Society for Computer Simulation International, San Diego, CA, USA, Article 5, 12 pages.
Master's Thesis, Spring 2017 Faiz AbidiRemote High Performance Visualization of Big Data for Immersive Science URI : http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78210
●TurboVNC scaling study on 10 GB line (VTRNet) to●HyperCube w/ Head tacking and wand
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu6/13/2019
Paraview HyperCube remote rendering from BlueRidge (interactive head & wand tracking)
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Remote VisualizationCluster Rendering
5.5 Billion points (w/ intensity) of Goodwin Hall via FARO laser scan
With P. Tarazaga & T. Tucker
Interactively
explored in immersive
HyperCube
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
In Situ Methods
… Can be sampling strategies, but essentially
Visualization is done at same time as the computation or data capture.
(-) Must know what features you are looking for
(+) saves disk space
(+) Cinema approach by LANL can be used for analysis of ensembles
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Cinema Databases
Structured collections for image-based rendering
• More efficient for storage and visualization at petaand exa –scales
• New interactions to explore between 2 and 3 D !
• Cinema:
• Sciencehttps://cinemascience.github.io/
• Viewer https://cinemaviewer.org/
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Visualization Access
Who?
… For all
• WWW + ISO-IEC X3D:
• Desktops
• Mobiles
• VR
• AR
• 3D Printing
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The Web Is the Interface
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3D Everywhere
• Workstations
• High-Resolution projection
• WWW
• Web3D
• Mobile
• WebVR (HMDs)
• Device-specific interaction
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Display Bandwidth
Metric for Total Display Bandwidth
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Industry Standards unify communities
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Open Standards make it work
www.web3d.org• Portability
• Durability
• IP independence
• International recognition and support
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3dprint.nih.gov
• Molecules
• Cells & tissues
• Anatomical models
• Prosthetics
• Labware
• …
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Take Aways
1. Visualization is a key component of interdisciplinary science
2. Remote rendering, in situ methods, and semantic interaction are key approaches to scaling discovery to big data
3. For reproducibility, broad access, and interoperability, invest in Standards leadership
Contact : Nicholas Polys [email protected]
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Contact!
Nicholas Polys
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Appendix
More info~!
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
Virginia Tech (VT): Ut Prosim
• A land-grant University serving the Public Good
• Science and the Reproducibility of Research is a core mission
• Investments in a broad spectrum of digital content and access:
• Simulation
• Analytics
• Capture (i.e. scanning)
• Design
• Archival and sharing
• International Standards provide: interoperability, accessibility, and durability
- the basis for a long-term strategy
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
VT Advanced Research Computing
Advanced Research Computing: arc.vt.edu
VT Dept. of Computer Science
• www.cs.vt.edu