Perspective Drawing. Introduction The artist’s business is to be able to draw and object so that...
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Perspective Drawing
Perspective Drawing. Introduction The artist’s business is to be able to draw and object so that it will look solid and not flat like the surface of the
Introduction The artists business is to be able to draw and
object so that it will look solid and not flat like the surface of
the paper on which it is drawn. In doing so the artist employs a
method that we call perspective.
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Introduction Perspective (from Latin perspicere, to see
through) in the graphic arts, such as drawing, is an approximate
representation, on a flat surface (such as paper), of an image as
it is seen by the eye. The two most characteristic features of
perspective are that objects are drawn: Smaller as their distance
from the observer increases Foreshortened: the size of an object's
dimensions along the line of sight are relatively shorter than
dimensions across the line of sight Perspective is used not only to
make the object appear to have dimensions but also to cause it to
appear close up or in distance or to suggest a feeling of
space.
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Introduction 15th century illustration from the Old French
translation of William of Tyre's Histoire d'Outremer.
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Introduction Geometrically incorrect attempt at perspective in
a 1614 painting of Old St Paul's Cathedral. Old St Paul's
Cathedral
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Introduction Melozzo's usage of upward foreshortening in his
frescoes at Loreto. Melozzo frescoesLoreto
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Horizon The horizon line in perspective drawing is a horizontal
line across the picture. It is always at eye level - its placement
determines where we seem to be looking from - a high place, or from
close to the ground. The actual horizon might not be visible, but
you need to draw a 'virtual' horizon to construct a picture in
perspective. The ideal example of the horizon is seen when viewed
across a large body of water where no distant shore is seen. At sea
the horizon is one continuous line. Also horizon can be considered
as line where sky appears to meet the ground.
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Horizon
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Vanishing Point If we stand between two rails, then the two
rails appear to meet at one point, though they are separated by a
constant distance. Such a point where two parallel lines appear to
meet is known as the vanishing point.
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Vanishing Point
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Eye Level: level with a person's eyes when looking straight
ahead Imagine youre x-ray man. Rays come out of your eyes, focused
on your scene. The level of the rays would give you your eye level.
If you look up or down, the rays coming out of your eyes would have
an angle. In 1 and 2 point perspective the vanishing points are on
this line. Different height or eye level and the angle at which the
person is viewing the scene will create different effects.
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Eye level
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Picture Plane Picture Plane: This is a totally imaginary plane
representing our drawing canvas. We use it to project our guide
lines that come from the scene, as if we are taking a photograph.
The picture plane actually catches a vision of the scene
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Picture Plane
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One Point Perspective
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Heres our basic room. Lets put a rug on the floor. First, draw
a horizontal line of the floor to be the edge of the rug closest to
us.
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Run Orthogonals back to the Vanishing Point.
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Close the back of the object. Then darken orthogonals that form
the rug edge.
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Erase excess orthogonals.
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Theres the rug. Now for a poster.
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Run Orthogonals back to the Vanishing Point.
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Close the back of the object. Then darken orthogonals that form
the posters edge.
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Erase excess orthogonals.
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A rug and a poster in O.P.P.
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Lets make the poster into real art by adding a Frame. Start by
drawing a Vertical line outside and larger than the poster.
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Run Orthogonals back to the Vanishing Point.
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Close the back of the object. Then darken orthogonals that form
the frame edge.
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Erase excess orthogonals.
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The poster is now a framed painting in O.P.P. How classy!