Personality.ppt 1

8/9/2019 Personality.ppt 1

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A distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behavior,

thoughts, motives and emotions that characterizes aindividual.


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Choleric Yellow Bile - People catalyst

thrives on involvement with those around

him service to the mankind as a whole.

Melancholic Black Bile - hard charger executive who believes in traditions, follows

rules and has a prescribed way of doingthings.


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anguine Blood-fast track - executive sees

risk in terms of challenge. Engages in special

projects. Good at pulling things and peopletogether.

Phlegmatic Phlegm - Power Broker-

executive is innovative and resourceful andgood at moving others.


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Different temperamental modes

Sanguine

Choleric

Melancholy

Phlegmatic

Hot

ColdDry

Moist


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A characteristic of an individual, describing ahabitual way of thinking or feeling.


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Theories that explain behavior andpersonality in terms of unconscious energy

dynamics within the individual.


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ID powerhouse of energy, Pleasure Principle

Ego Reality Principle

Superego Moral Seat


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Id: operates accordingto thepleasure principlePrimitive, unconscious part of

personalityEgo: operatesaccording to the reality

principleMediates between id and

superego

Superego: moral ideals,conscience


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Id Ego Superego

What it does Expresses sexualand aggressive

instincts

Mediates betweendesires of the id and

demands of thesuperego; uses

defense

mechanisms toward offunconscious anxiety

epresentsconscience and

rules of society,

follows internalizedmoral standards


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Id Ego Superego

How conscious it is EntirelyUnconscious

Partly conscious,partly unconscious

Partly conscious,mostly unconscious


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Id Ego Superego

When it develops Present at birth

Emerges after birthwith early formativeexperiences

Last system todevelop: becomesinternalized afterphallic (oedipal

stage)


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Repression

Projection

Displacement

Reaction Formation

Regression

Denial


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Collective Unconscious ; the universal memories, symbols,

and experiences of the human kind, represented in the

archetypes or universal symbolic images that appear in myths,

art, stories, and dreams

Archetypes: Two important archetypes are maleness andfemaleness, which Jung believed existed in both sexes.


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Violating the principle of falsifiability

Drawing universal principles from the experience of a fewatypical patients

Basing theories on retrospective account and the fallible

memories of the patients


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Based on the assumption that the test taker will transfer

(project) unconscious conflicts and motives onto an

ambiguous stimulus

Thematic Apperception Test

Rorschach Inkblot Test


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Person is asked to tell a story

about the hero in thepicture.

Based on Murrays

personality theoryPeople are distinguished by

the needs that motivate theirbehavior.


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Ambiguous stimuli

Person is asked to reportwhat he/she sees

No clear image, so thethings you see must be

projected from insideyourself


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Openness / intellect / culture

Conscientiousness / dependability

Extroversion

Agreeableness

Neuroticism / emotional stability


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TemperamentsPhysiological dispositions to respond to the environment incertain ways

Present in infancy, assumed to be innate

Relatively stable over time

Includes

Reactivity

Sociability

Positive and negative emotionalit


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Heritability

A statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance insome trait that is attributable to genetic differences among

individuals within a group

Heritability of personality traits is about 50%

Within a group of people, about 50% of the variation associated

with a given trait is attributable to genetic differences among

individuals in the group.

Genetic predisposition is not genetic inevitability


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Humanist approaches

Abraham Maslow

Carl Rogers

Rollo May

Narrative approaches

Evaluating humanist and narrative approaches


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Heritability

A statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance insome trait that is attributable to genetic differences among

individuals within a group

Heritability of personality traits is about 50%

Within a group of people, about 50% of the variation associated

with a given trait is attributable to genetic differences among

individuals in the group.

Genetic predisposition is not genetic inevitability


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ambiguous stimulus




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ambiguous stimulus




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ambiguous stimulus



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Personality.ppt 1