Personality PDF

8/9/2019 Personality PDF

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Personality in Sport and Physical Activity

Personality Definition

Personality is the overall pattern of psychological

characteristics that makes each person unique.

Personality Research

Individual

s

PersonalityPerformance

SportParticipation

IndividualsPersonality

individual differences


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Psychological Approaches to Personality

Personality Traits or Dispositions

! Traits: relatively stable, highly consistent

attributes that exert widely generalized causal

effects on behaviour (the BIG 5)

! Trait theories imply:

Consistencyof behaviour from one situation to

the next

Generalizabilityof behaviour between contexts

Psychological Approaches to Personality

! State/situationaltheory-attributes related to a

particular time, environment and/or situation

Psychological approaches (cont)

! Psychodynamic: Behavior is determined by anumber of unconscious, constantly changing

factors that often conflict with one another.

-understand the person as a whole, rather than

identifying isolated traits


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Psychological Approaches (cont.)

Interactionist Approach! Most preferred approach among personality

psychologists today

PsychologicalCore

Role RelatedBehavior

TypicalResponses

Hollanders Structure of

Personality

The Measurement of Personality

! Rating Scales

Interview

Observation of Performance


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! Unstructured Projective Techniques

Rorschach Test


! Unstructured Projective Techniques

Rorschach Test

TAT


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! Structured Questionnaires

MMPI

Cattell 16 PF

1. The purpose of the research dictates the measurement

technique e.g., Is the research designed to understand an individual

in depth or is it to compare two large groups.

2 Use sport specific measures vs. general measures e.g., anxiety

3 Determine if you are measuring a trait or a state - feelings

change before, during and after competition

4 Use several measures for cross validation

Guidelines for measuring personality


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Measuring personality

! It is often more effective to compare personality

test scores to an individuals own previous test

results than to group norms.

! Projective tests are interesting but difficult to score

! Situation-specific trait tests predict behavior more

accurately than do general trait measures

Sport specific psychological skills

! Shift to personality measures that reflect sport

specific psychological skills/characteristics:

Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports (PSIS)

Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI)

Athlete Motivation Inventory (AMI)

! Comparatively little research in area

The Athletic Motivation Inventory

! AMI questions fall into three categories

Desire to be successful in athletics

Ability to withstand the emotional stress of

competition

Dedication to the coach and sport

! When I was young, I thought about breaking a

sports record

! I rarely think that training rules inhibit my

personal freedom

! I seldom stay after practice to work out


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Personality Research

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Line 1 41 43 48 64 45 33

T ens io n Depressi on A ng er V ig or Fat ig ue Confus io n

Mental Health Model

!Profile of Mood States (POMS)

- tension, depression, anger,

vigor, fatigue, & confusion

Extraversion Agreeableness Openness ConscientiousnessNeuroticism

Elite Athletes vs. Lower Levels of Competition

Big 5 Personality Traits

! Gravitational Hypothesis - Do thepeople who play specific sports havesimilar indications of their personality

!or does sport participation affect

personality? Stereotypes??

! Three hypotheses

Attrition Model:

Selection Model:

Change Model:


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Player Position & Personality Profile

ENTRANCE

NATIONAL

OLYMPIC

ELITE

COLLEGIATE

SCHOLASTIC

Inc

reasingP

ersonalit

yH

om

ogeneity

IncreasingPersonality

Heterogeneity

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Personality PDF