Madonna Nympha S. CarandangP4A – BS Psychology

Summary of Personality Disorders

Personality disorders, formerly known as character disorders, are characterized to two general features: chronic interpersonal difficulties and problems with one's identity or sense of self. Personality disorders stem largely from the gradual development of inflexible and distorted personality and behavioral patterns which result in persistently maladaptive ways of perceiving, thinking about, and relating to the world.

In DSM-IV-TR, the personality disorders are coded on a separate axis. These are separately classified under Axis I along with psychiatric syndromes and Axis II along with mental retardation which are regarded differently. DSM-IV-TR defined personality disorders based on five criteria: Criterion A, B, C, D, and E. These diagnostic criteria essentially feature a personality disorder as an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture. The pattern classified in Criterion A must be manifested in at least two of the following areas: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control while pattern in Criterion B must be enduring and be inflexible and passive across a broad range of personal and social situations. Pattern leading to clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning falls under Criterion C. On Criterion D, the pattern is stable and of long duration, and its onset can be traced back at least to adolescence or early adulthood. Laslty, on Criterion E, the pattern is not better accounted for as manifestation or consequence of another mental disorder.

Many people meet the criteria for more than one personality disorder which also includes those from different clusters. There are three clusters of personality disorders which are grouped based on the similarities among the disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Cluster A includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders, Cluster B includes histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and borderline personality, while Cluster C includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive compulsive personality disorders.

Cluster A Personality Disorders (Pagkalinga, Kapayapaan, Pag-ibig, Respeto)(People with these disorders often seem odd or eccentric, with unusual behavior ranging from distrust and suspiciousness to social detachment.)

ParanoidPeople with this disorder are suspicious and do not trust others. They have the tendency to see oneself as blameless and to always guard themselves from the perceived attack by others. Paranoid is more common to men than to women. Hallucinations,

SchizoidPeople having such disorder have impaired social relationships. They lack desire and unable to form attachment to others. Schizoid is more common to male than to female. Mahiyain, experienced

SchizotypalPeople with this disorder have the characteristics of oddities of perception and speech that interfere with communication and social interaction. Schizotypal is more common to male than to female. Biglang naiisip tapos nawawala agad.

Cluster B Personality Disorders ( Pagtanggap, Pagkalinga, Pag-ibig)

(Individuals with these disorders share a tendency to be dramatic, emotional, and erratic)

HistrionicPeople with this disorder have the tendency to irritability and temper outbursts if attention seeking is frustrated. They tend to self-dramatize and to be overconcern with attractiveness.

NarcissisticGrandiosity, preoccupation with receiving attention, lack of empathy, and self-promoting characteristics are the characteristics of people with this disorder. Narcissistic personality disorder is more common in males than in females.

AntisocialPeople with this disorder lack moral or ethical development. They are unable to follow approved models of behavior. Other characteristics of people with this disorder are being deceitful and shameless in manipulating others. Antisocial personality disorder is more common in males than in females. basagulero

BorderlineImpulsiveness, inappropriate anger, drastic mood shifts, chronic feelings of boredom, and attempts of suicide are several characteristics of people with borderline personality disorder. This disorder is more common in men than in women. depressed

Cluster C Personality Disorders ( Pagkalinga, Pag-ibig, Respeto)(In contrast to the other clusters, anxiety and fearfulness are often part of these disorders)

AvoidantPeople with this disorder tend to be hypersensitive to rejection or social derogation. They are shy and insecure in social interaction and in initiating relationships. Rejection shyness, insecurities, sensitive,

DependentPeople with dependent personality disorder have difficulty in separating in relationships. They are uncomfortable in being alone. Hiwalayan effect to, mga babaeng pala-asa

Obsessive-compulsive. Perfectionist. Toothbrush. Laging naliligo. Bago laging sabon. People with this disorder have excessive concern with order, rules, and trivial details. They are perfectionists. Moreover, they have difficulty in relaxing and having fun and lack expressiveness and warmth. This disorder is more common in males than in females.

Source: Butcher, J. N., Mineka S., & Hooley J. M.(2004). Abnormal Psychology (LPE). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc., p 350-382.

Reflect kung ano meron ka, lahat may talent nourishIdeal self which is attainableFantasy through media

Malayo ang ideal self, real self. Natural pheonomena sa teens. Sobra masama, confusion stage,

Dual personality.

Situational thorugh media and experience and social media.

Tiwala- Paranoid “ Kailan ako magtitiwala?” I

Kalayaan-Schizoid “ Gusto kong makawala sa sarili kong isla? IX”

Kapayapaan- Schizotypal “ Gusto ko ng tahimik na buhay, marami akong ideya sa sarili. III”

Pagkalinga- Anti social “ Bakit may lipunang dapat sundin?” VI

Respeto- Histrionic “Paano makikita ang limitasyon kung nananatili pa rin akong nakapikit?” IV

Pagtanggap- Narcistic “ Paano ako matatanggap ng buo ng iba kung hindi ko pa matanggap ng buo ang sarili? Gusto kong patayin ang mas gwapo sakin!, Akin ang mundo. Ako ang hari. May limitasyon ba sa pagiging confident? V

Pag-asa- Borderline. Hindi ako iyakin. Hindi ako palatawa. Huwag kang maingay. Sige mag- ingay ka. Ditto na lang ako sa mesa. Maghihintay ng tilaok ng manok hanggang sa huling beses na sikatan ng umaga. VII

Maayos na komunikasyon o pakikipagkapwa – Avoidant. Sige ako na lang si Batman. Gusto mo ako na din si Wonderwoman para walang gulo. Ayaw ko ng nagkakamali say o? Pwede ba akong magkamali bilang tao II.

Pagkilala sa sarili- Obsessive Compulsive . Madumi pa rin ako, Hindi malinis na pala. Hindi madumi pa rin pala. VIII

Pag-ibig- Dependent “ Paano ko mahahanap ang pag-ibig kung hindi ko alam ang hitsura nito? X