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The main objective of this paper is to eva!ate the roe of "i#erent
personaities on heath behavio!r$ The aim %i be to e&pore certain
personait' traits %hich ma' bear an impact on the overa heath an"
%e(bein) of in"ivi"!as$ A""itiona'* this paper %i inc!"e personait'
theories an" perceptions to ho% the' in+!ence heath an" %e(bein)$
A ps'choo)ist ,r$ Ric- .irt/ sai"0 1.e ta-e o!r personaities to %or-*
schoo* in o!r reationships* on the )of co!rse* etc$ In fact o!r
personaities are re+ecte" in ever'thin) %e "o$ The' are re+ecte" in the
TV sho%s %e i-e to %atch* %hat foo"s %e eat* ho% m!ch %e "rin-* o!r
hobbies* poitica a2iations* etc$ So it %o!" on' ma-e sense that o!r
personait' %o!" be re+ecte" in ho% %e mana)e o!r heath an" the %a'
%e react to iness$3 4http055%%%$heathcentra$com6
One can "ra% a "istinction bet%een ph'sica heath* menta heath an"socia heath$ The .or" 7eath Or)ani/ation 4.7O6 "ra%s s!ch a
"istinction of menta heath b' "e8nin) it as bein) a state of %e(bein)$
97eath is a state of compete ph'sica* menta an" socia %e(bein) an"
not mere' the absence of "isease or in8rmit'$9 4%%%$%ho$int6$ :eor)e
En)e %as another person %ho "re% s!ch "istinctions* intro"!ce" the
major theor' in me"icine in ;<==* the >iops'chosocia Mo"e 4>?S6$ 7e
ar)!e" consistent' for the necessit' an" importance of a >?S to inc!"e
bioo)ica* ps'choo)ica* an" socioo)ica consistent 8e"s* in the same
fashion the s'stems of the bo"' interact$ The i"ea shifte" foc!s from
"isease to heath$ Reco)ni/in) that ps'chosocia factors 4e$)$ beiefs*
reationships* stress6 )reat' impact not on' o!r "ai' heath behavio!r
an" heath b!t aso the recover' of a patient an" rec!peration from iness
an" "isease$ En)e state"0 1To provi"e a basis for !n"erstan"in) the
"eterminants of "isease an" arrivin) at a rationa treatments an" patterns
of heath care* a me"ica mo"e m!st aso ta-e into acco!nt the patient*
the socia conte&t in %hich he ives an" the compementar' s'stem
"evise" b' societ' to "ea %ith the "isr!ptive e#ects of iness* that is* the
ph'sician roe an" the heath care s'stem$ This re@!ires a biops'chosocia
mo"e$3 4En)e ;<==6$
En)e %as not the on' researcher that ha" a theor' that inc!"e"
ps'choo)ica an" socioo)ica factors into heath behavio!r$ Over the ast
haf cent!r' there have been a )ro%in) theor' that ones personait' traits
)reat' in+!ences ones heath behavio!r$ In ;<B< a researcher* ,$ .$
is-e s!))este" that there are 8ve f!n"amenta personait' traits
4Openness* Conscientio!sness* E&traversion* A)reeabeness an"
Ne!orotisism6* that co!" be attrib!te" b' h!man behavio!r$ This theor'
%as e&pan"e" on b' other researchers inc!"in) Norman* Smith*:o"ber)* an" McCrae D Costa 4>!ss ;<<6$ These researchers s!))este"
;
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MONIQUE MAVRONICOLAS
that b' )atherin) personait' inventor'* one is abe to !n"erstan" certain
behavio!r to the persons perception an" j!")ement %ithin their
personait'$
In or"er to assess ho% is-es 8ve f!n"amenta personait' traits can be
in-e" to heath behavio!r one nee"s to aso !n"erstan" ho% the 8ve
traits are "e8ne" or reco)nise" as0
• Openness F 1"escribes the brea"th* "epth* ori)inait'* an"
compe&it' of an in"ivi"!as menta an" e&perientia ife3 4?ervin D
Gohn ;<<<6$ A person that is open min"e" %o!" probab' be
ima)inative* in"epen"ent min"e" an" has "iver)ent thin-in)$ (
St!"ies have sho%n that in"ivi"!as %ith hi)h eves of openness to
be protective a)ainst earier mortait' 47ampson an" rie"man
HJ6$ 7o%ever st!"ents %ith openness e&perience %as thestron)est sin)e pre"ictor of s!bstance !se ris- ta-in) an" %as
reate" to hi)her ris- ta-in)$
• Conscientio!sness F 1"escribes socia' prescribe" imp!se contro
that faciitates tas- an" )oa("irecte" behavio!r* s!ch as thin-in)
before actin)* "ea'in) )rati8cation* foo%in) norms an" r!es* an"
pannin)* or)ani/in)* an" prioriti/in) tas-s3 4?ervin D Gohn ;<<<6 F
Consvientio!sness %as reate" to en)a)in) in more fre@!ent
%eness behavio!rs an" acci"ent contro behavio!rs an" ess
fre@!ent tra2c ris- ta-in) behavio!rs$ Lo% conscientio!sness often
referrin) to refer to peope that ten" to be "isor)anise"*
irresponsibe* an" !n"iscipine" is reate" to ne)ative heath
behavio!rs 4e$)$* smo-in)* "rin-in)* poor "iet* an" ac- of e&ercise
an" ne)ative heath o!tcomes 4e$)$* "iabetes* h'pertension* !rinar'
probems* stro-e* a variet' of menta inesses* an" earier mortait'
4T!riano et al H;6$
• E&traversion F 1impies an ener)etic approach to the socia an"
materia %or" an" inc!"es traits s!ch as sociabiit'* activit'*
assertiveness* an" positive emotionait'3 4?ervin D Gohn ;<<<6 (
Those that are seen %ith )reat eves of e&traversion ten" to
e&perience )reater amo!nts of positive a#ect an" optimism* both of
%hich are aso associate" %ith positive heath bene8ts$
• A)reeabeness F 1Contrasts a prosocia an" comm!na orientation
to%ar" others %ith anta)onism an" inc!"es traits s!ch as atr!ism*
ten"er(min"e"ness* tr!st* an" mo"est'3 4?ervin D Gohn ;<<<6 (
A)reeabeness %as associate" to fe%er tra2c ris- ta-in) an"
s!bstance !se ris- ta-in)
• Ne!orotisism F 1contrasts emotiona stabiit' an" even(
tempere"ness %ith ne)ative emotionait'* s!ch as feein) an&io!s*nervo!s* sa"* an" tense3 4?ervin D Gohn ;<<<6 ( peope hi)h in
H
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MONIQUE MAVRONICOLAS
ne!roticism aso have a hi)her ris- of "eveopin) h'pertension*
obesit' an" metaboic s'n"rome 4T!riano et al H;6$
Even tho!)h the 8ve f!n"amenta personait' traits %ere "isc!sse"
in"ivi"!a'* the' a co(e&ist %ithin a of !s$ One can ta-e a personait'
test 4http055%%%$vis!a"na$com5@!i//es5 6 to !n"erstan" these traits better*
as an e&e of ho% these traits interact* an" in+!ence o!r behavio!r*
an e&e of res!ts of the afore mentione" test %i foo%$ Note that a
the res!ts beo% has been copie" "irect' from the res!ts pa)e of the
above test$
As the above re+ects there are man' factors %ithin a personait' that
co!" in+!ence o!r behavio!r* inc!"in) factors that co!" ea" to positive
or heath' heath behavio!r for e&eK optimism an" beieves* an"
factors that co!" ea" to ne)ative or !nheath' heath behavio!rs s!ch as
pessimism* T'pe A personaities an" e"!cation$ ?eope that are optimistic
have an e&pectation that )oo" thin)s %i transpire an" sho!" ba" thin)shappen that is %as the o!tcome of thin)s that %as o!t of their contro$
Optimistic peope %ith hi)h sef(esteem ive a on)er ife b' %a' of
re"!ce" iness "!e to cancer an" car"iovasc!ar iness 4?eterson et a$*
;<<J6$ .hereas on the other han" peope %ho are pessimistic ive a ife of
an&iet' an" stress* thereb' ca!sin) contin!o!s imbaance in the bo"'
s'stems an" are more prone to iness an" "isease 4McE%en an" Me"eson
;<J6$ O!t)oin) an" socia in"ivi"!as have hi)h eves of ener)'* often
ass!me ea"ership roes* an" see- chaen)es$ 4Spiro et a$ ;<<6 fo!n"
that sef(reporte" e&traverts ha" fe%er ph'sioo)ica an" ph'sica
s'mptoms$ On the other han" 'o! have peope %ith T'pe A ?ersonaities*
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MONIQUE MAVRONICOLAS
a personait' that is often consi"ere" in-e" to impatiences* prone to
an&iet'* o#er itte time for rea&ation an" has poor seep patterns$ The'
have comp!sive5ne!rotic ten"encies can become a))ressive an" hostie*
these are b!t a fe% in-s to ne)ative behavio!r that is in-e" to T'pe A
?ersonaities$
As previo!s' mentione" the ast 'ears have been heavi' in+!ence"
b' theories on personait'* some of these theories have been heavi'
in+!ence" b' Si)m!n" re!"s ps'cho"'namic approach$ ,r re!"s
personait' mo"e inc!"e" partsK the I, 4%here the person is %orrie"
abo!t satisf'in) basics instincts6* the E:O 4this faciitates the stresses
bet%een the I, an" imitations of societ'6* an" the SU?ERE:O 4parenta
an" socia va!es are internaise"6$ Uni-e the other theories* re!" theor'
inc!"e" an on)oin) component of con+ict* that these ever chan)in)
con+icts %ere the main factors of personait'$ The best %a' to i!strateho% the parts of re!"s personait' mo"e co!" reate bac- to the
impact on heath behavio!r* is to refer them %ithin a "ietar' e&eK
• o! are on a %ei)ht oss "iet an" have )one o!t %ith frien"s for
afternoon tea$ Thro!)ho!t the co#ee shop* the most !&!rio!s ca-es
has been "ispa'e"$ The I, %i conve' a messa)e of0 9)o ahea"* its
j!st one piece Enjo' it9 %hist the SU?ERE:O %i ma-e an attempt
to over rationaise0 9o! -no% are not h!n)r' an" eatin) ca-e %i
have a ne)ative e#ect on a the har" %or- 'o! have "one !p !ntino%9* !nti the E:O steps in an" "etermine o)ica' ho% important
it is for 'o! to sta' on 'o!r "iet an" if havin) the piece of ca-e
%o!" ma-e s!ch a "i#erence$
As the above "emonstrates there are a n!mber of theories on personait'
an" ho% personait' in+!ences o!r "ai' ives in ever'thin) one "oes$
Apart from the ps'cho"'namic F an" behavio!ra theories as mentione" in
this paper* there are aso t'pe theories* 4s!))estin) there are a imite"
n!mber of 9personait' t'pes9 in-e" to bioo)ica in+!ences6* trait
theories 4vie%s personait' as the res!t of interna characteristics that are)enetica' base"6 an" h!manist theor' 4emphasi/in) the prominence of
free %i an" in"ivi"!a -no%e")e in the "eveopment of personait'$
7!manist theorists inc!"e Car Ro)ers an" Abraham Maso%$6
Ones behavio!r an" perception s!))ests that ones personait's
in+!ences the %a's in %hich one ma-e sense of the environment an" ho%
to react to environmenta stim!i$ There are other factors that a#ect ho%
ones heath behavio!r that mi)ht inc!"e emotion* pain* nee"s* c!t!re*
)en"er* a)e an" societ' to name b!t a fe%* ho%ever it is a persons
personait' that permits for evi"ences to !n"erstan"in) h!man behavio!r
B
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References
St!"' she"s ne% i)ht on reationship bet%een personait' an" heath
avaiabe at http055%%%$e!re-aert$or)5p!bPreeases5H;B(;H5!on(
ssn;H;;;B$php accesse" on HH March H;
o!r personait' avaiabe at http055heath$%i-in!t$com5Can(o!r(
?ersonait'(T'pe(In+!ence(o!r(7eath5f!;$=o5 accesse" on H; March
H;
>!ss* ,$ M$ 4;<<6$ Evo!tionar' ps'choo)'0 A ne% para"i)m for
ps'choo)ica science$ ?s'choo)ica In@!ir'
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4E"itor6 4H;;6$ 7an"boo- of ?ersonait'0 Theor' an" Research$ r" E"$
Ne% or-0 :!i"for" ?ress
Vir)inia 7$ 47i6 Ric 4H;H6$ 7an"boo- of Stress* Copin)* an" 7eath0
Impications for N!rsin) Research* Theor'* an" ?ractice$ Lon"on0 Sa)e
?!bication$
>!r)er* Gerr' M$ 4;<<6 ?ersonait'$ ?aci8c :rove0 >roo-s5Coe ?!bishin)
Compan'
7ampson SE an" rie"man 7S 4HJ6 ?ersonait' an" heath0 A ife span
perspective$ r" E"$ Ne% or-0 :!ifor" ?ress
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MONIQUE MAVRONICOLAS
7o% 'o!r personait' a#ects 'o!r ife avaiabe at
http055%%%$heathcentra$com5mi)raine5action(pans(=(;B$htm
accesse" on H; March H;B
?ersonait' Trait Leve an" Chan)e as ?re"ictors of 7eath O!tcomes0
in"in)s rom a Nationa St!"' of Americans 4MI,US6 avaiabe at
http055ps'chsoc)erontoo)'$o&for"jo!rnas$or)5content5=>5;5B$f!ref(;B
accesse" on H March H;
?ervin* L$ D Gohn* O$ 4E"s$6 4;<<<6$ 7an"boo- of personait'0 theor' an"
research$ Ne% or-0 :ifor"$
Nic- 7asam 4H=6 Intro"!ction to ?ersonait' an" Intei)ence$ Lon"on
Sa)e ?!bications
