Protectve equpment = toos to do the |ob.Neary 2 mon dsabng work-reated n|ures expected ths year.More than V w nvove head, eyes, hands, feetHard hats were worn by ony 16% of those workers who sustaned head n|ures Ony 1% of approx 770 workers suherng face n|ures were wearng face protectonOny 23% of the workers wth foot n|ures wore safety shoes or bootsAbout 40% of the workers wth eye n|ures wore eye protectonWhat PPE s used n o and gas?What n|ures or nesses does t protect aganst?Does t aways succeed n protectng aganst these n|ures or nesses?Why or why not?(a) Protectve equpment, ncudng persona protectve equpment for: Eyes, Face, Head, and extremtes, Protectve cothng, Respratory devces, and Protectve sheds and barrers, Sha be provded, used, and mantaned n a santary and reabe condton wherever t s necessary by reason of hazards of processes or environmentHazards of processes or envronment ncude :Chemca hazards, Radoogca hazards, or Mechanca rrtants Encountered n a manner capabe of causng n|ury or mparment n the functon of any part of the body through absorpton, nhaaton or physca contact.Assess workpace to determne f hazards are key to necesstate the use of persona protectve equpment (PPE) If hazards are present the empoyer sha: Seect and have each ahected empoyee use approprate PPE for dented hazardsCommuncate seecton decsonsSeect PPE that ts each empoyeeCompance gudenes for hazard assessment & persona protectve equpment seecton (non-mandatory)Wrtten certcaton of hazard assessment dentes: Workpace evauatedPerson certfyng that the evauaton has been performedDate(s) of the hazard assessmentIdentcaton of document as a certcaton of hazard assessment1. Empoyer must tran empoyees before ssung PPE n at east these thngs:. When PPE s necessary. What PPE s necessary. How to propery don, doh, ad|ust, and wear PPEv. Lmtatons of the PPEv. Proper care, mantenance, usefu fe and dsposa of the PPE2. Workers must demonstrate an understanding of the tranng and the abty to use PPE properybefore beng aowed to perform work requrng the use of PPE4. Wrtten certcaton, to verfy that each empoyee has receved and understood the requred tranng, contans: Name of each empoyee tranedDate(s) of tranngSub|ect of the certcaton3. Retranng necessary for empoyees wthout requred understandng and sk:Changes n the workpaceChanges n PPE usedInadequate knowedge or use of PPEEmpoyer assures that empoyee uses eye or face protecton from hazards: Fyng partces Moten meta Lqud chemcas, acds or caustc quds Chemca gases or vapors Potentay n|urous ght radatonSde protecton for yng ob|ects Detachabe sde sheds OKEmpoyees wth prescrpton enses:Incorporate prescrpton n eye protecton orWear eye protecton over prescrpton ensesWthout dsturbng proper poston of prescrpton enses or the protectve ensesEach afected empoyee must wear appropratey shaded ter enses for protecton from n|urous ght radatonFOR EXAMPLE.Z 87.1-1989Protective eye and face devices shall comply with ANSI Z87.1-1989Prmary ob|ectve: Prevent atmospherc contamnaton Respratory hazards: dusts, msts, fogs, fumes, sprays, smokes or vapors1st Prorty: Engneerng contros: Encosure or connement of the operaton, Genera and oca ventaton, and Substtuton of ess toxc materasOny where engneerng contros are not feasbe shoud resprators be used Where resprators are requred, you need:Wrtten programWorkste-specc proceduresRequred eements:TranngFt testngMedca evauatonsCare and mantenanceProcedures for resprator seectonProcedures for routne & emergency useIf empoyer permts vountary use:Impement eements of wrtten program necessary to ensure Medca abty to use Ceaned, stored, mantaned to not cause heath hazardExcepton: Vountary use of dust masksResprators must be NIOSH-certedProvde enough varety so user can nd the rght tCartrdge change schedue for gases and vaporsIDLH atmosphere = mmedatey dangerous to fe and heathSpecc supped-ar resprators necessary for IDLH useResprator use causes physoogca burden, varyng wthType of resprator|ob and workpace condtonsMedca status of empoyeeMedca evauaton provded before:Ft testngWorker resprator useConducted by physcan or other censed heath care professona Addtona evauatons f:Empoyee reports reated symptomsPLHCP, supervsor, admnstrator recommendsProgram nformaton shows needChange n workpace condtons ncreases physoogca burdena. Ensure that each ahected empoyee wears a protectve hemet where there s a potenta for head n|ury from fang ob|ectsType I hard hats - reduce force of mpact from a bow to the top of the headType II hard hats - provde protecton aganst both sde mpact (atera) and bows to the top of the headCass G (od A) - Genera Tested to wthstand 2200 vots Cass E (od B) - Eectrca Tested to wthstand 20,000 votsCass C (od C) - Conductve No eectrca protectonb. Ensure that each ahected empoyee wears a protectve hemet desgned to reduce eectrca shock hazard when near exposed eectrca conductors whch coud contact the headProtectve hemets sha compy wth ANSI Z89.1-1986Each ahected empoyee must use protectve footwear where there s danger of: Fang or rong ob|ects Ob|ects percng soe Feet exposed to eectrca hazardsProtectve footwear sha compy wth ANSI Z41-1991a. Approprate hand protecton requred for empoyee hand exposure to hazards such as: Skn absorpton of harmfu substancesSevere cuts or aceratons Severe abrasons PuncturesChemca burns Therma burnsHarmfu temperature extremesEmpoyer seects based on:Performance characterstcs of the hand protecton reatve to the task(s) to be performed Condtons presentDuraton of useHazards and potenta hazards dentedDisposable: ght-weght pastc; can hep guard aganst md rrtants.Fabric: cotton or fabrc bend; mprove grp or nsuate from heat or cod.Leather: guard aganst n|ures from sparks or scrapng aganst rough surfaces. Combne wth an nsuated ner when workng wth eectrcty.Chemical Resistance: ntre, neoprene, vny, etc; protect hands from chemca exposureMetal Mesh: protect hands from cuts and scratches; used commony wth sharp nstruments.Aluminized Fabric: nsuate hands from ntense heat; commony used wth moten materasOSHA measures nose n decbes n A scae (dBA) - cacuaton of one number for mutpe frequencesTWA cacuaton, but nonnear scaePermssbe TWA: 90 dBA for 8 hoursTabe G-16: hgher exposure, shorter tme aowabeRequred for any empoyees exceedng 8-hour TWA of 85 dBA or 50% dose Acton eveMontorng, empoyee notcatonAudometrc testng Basene and annuaEvauated for standard threshold shift (!" (change n hearng senstvty)Avaabe to a empoyees exposed over 85 dBARepaced as necessaryMust be worn by workers exposed >90 dBA, or before basene or wth STSEmpoyees choose from varetyTranng, supervson of correct useProper nta ttngCacuatons n Appendx BCannot smpy subtract Nose Reducton Ratng (NRR) from dBAPoor t decreases attenuatonMust attenuate to 90 dBAIf STS has occurred, attenuate to 85 dBARe-evauate when nose eves ncrease Persona Protectve and Lfe Savng Equpment Constructon operatons ony If empoyees suppy ther own, empoyer assures adequacy and mantenance Incudes safety bets, fenes, anyards Incudes fa protecton Hearng protecton ncudes 12-hour shft No oose or poory tted cothng Do not work n cothng saturated n hazardous substance - wash and/or treat skn and change cothes