Personal Protection

From Arthropods

Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

Objectiveهدف

Explain how to use personal protective

measures to minimize the risk of arthropod bites and vector borne diseases.

Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

Overviewمرور

Effectiveness

Techniques

Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

Can this hurt you?

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Sandfly

Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

Sure Can!!!

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Cutaneous Leishmaniasis lesion on arm

Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

World War II: ~90% of hospital cases due to diseases, most arthropod-borne.

Korea: ~60%.

Vietnam: ~64%.

Desert Shield/Storm -- ~68% -- short, relatively “clean,” reduced vector-borne disease potential.

Afghanistan: ~95% of cases due to infectious diseases (diarrhea, influenza, etc.)

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Military Impact ofDiseases and Non-Battle Injuries

Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

Chemoprophylaxis and Vaccinations

Chemoprophylaxis:

Chemical ingested before exposure to a disease causing organism, circulates in the body and kills the pathogen

Does not change the immune system, thus requiring continued use before, during, and after the deployment

Examples: Chloroquine, Mefloquine, Doxycycline

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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

Chemoprophylaxis and Vaccinations Cont…

Vaccinations:

Live or killed disease organisms introduced before exposure to a disease

Change the immune system, allowing the body’s natural defenses to resist the disease

Examples: Yellow Fever, Japanese Encephalitis

Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

Dwelling Places

Places where pests occur

Always check yourshoes…and clothes…and sleeping bag, etc….

Avoid Breeding Places

Avoid Habitats

Natural and man-made habitats

Check often for pests on or around your person

Check others for pests

Remove pests by picking them off, or with sticky tape, lint roller, etc.

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Avoidance

Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

Avoid Times of Peak Abundance

Aedes-dusk/dawn, some day feeders

Anopheles-dusk/dawn

Culex-dusk/dawn and night

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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

Barriers

Oils, example: Baby Oil

Screens

Bed NetProperly Set up

Be sure the net is suspended

Tucked in, away from skin

Treated with permethrin

Head NetSuspended on head with hat band

Tucked into shirt collar

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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

Barriers: The Uniform

Proper Field Wear

Pants tucked into and bloused over boots

Ticks and other arthropods move up

Sleeves rolled down

Proper fit

Collar up and buttoned if necessary

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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

Repellents

Chemicals that repel attacking insects and other arthropods when applied to skin, clothing, or other surfaces.

Two modes of action:

Vaporepellent -- repels in dispersed form e.g DEET

Excitorepellent -- requires contact with concentrate e.g Permethrin

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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

Repellents

Many formulations and brands

DEET – skin and/or clothing application

Exposed skin

On personal netting (i.e. head nets)

May damage some clothing items…

Extended duration (33%) is safe and effective for 6-12 hours

Can be used with a sun screen, although the effectiveness of each will be slightly reduced.

Apply the sun screen first, then the DEET lotion

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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

Repellents

Permethrin –

Fabric application only!

Clothing treatment

Personal netting

Bed net, tent

Also “civilian” clothing – cotton and cotton-polyester outerwear items

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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

Permethrin Aerosal

1 aerosol can will treat 1 set of Uniforms (1 shirt & 1 pair of trousers) using about ¾ can

Do not treat underwear, socks, hat, etc.!

Treat outdoors, stay upwind, wear gloves or use a stick or hanger to handle the wet clothing

Use remainder on bet net

Let the uniform dry in a well-ventilated place!

Effective for 6 weeks or 6 launderings

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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

Individual Dynamic Absorption (IDA) Kit

Treat the shirt and pants according to the directions on the kit

Do not treat underwear, socks, hat, etc.!

Use kit gloves!

Let the uniform dry in a well-ventilated place!

Lasts for the life of the uniform

50 washes

Mark with date treated

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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

Deet and Permethrin Use

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%Bites onexposedskin

Untreated uniformno Deet on skin

Untreated uniformDeet on skin

Treated uniformno Deet on skin

Treated uniform +Deet on skin

N/A 83

96 12

98 99.99

2,287

99

54

2 99.94 100

% Bitesthroughuniform

17

88

0.01

0

No. of bitesin an8-9 hr day

% Reductionin No. of Bites(Protection)

Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

EducationThe most important way to protect yourself

and a “Force Multiplier”

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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

Summary

Effectiveness

Techniques

Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death

Questions?

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