Persentasi Lingbis FINAL

8/13/2019 Persentasi Lingbis FINAL

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The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2002 All Rights Reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin

Judul

Consumer Protection

15-1

Kelompok 2

Arjey Winfried PakasiBellatrix Kahimpong

Chairino Vanto

Gita Akhmad WibiksanaHasudungan Randyanto

Supraptiwi Beni Astuti


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The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2002 All Rights Reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 15-2


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Objective of consumer laws

1. To provide customers with better information

when making purchases.

2) To protect consumers against possible hazards fromproducts they may purchase.

3) To promote competitive pricing and consumer choice.

4) To protect privacy.


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Reason for the Consumer Movement

Complex product have enormously complicated the choiceconsumers need to make when they shop.

Service, as well as product, have become more specialized to

judge.

When businesses try to sell either products or services throughadvertising.

When businesses try to sell either product for services through

advertising, claims my be inflated or they may appeal to emotions

Technology has permitted businesses to learn more than ever about

their costumers potentially violating their privacy.

Some business have ignored product safety


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Consumers Right

1) The right to safety:

To be protected against the marketing of goods that arehazardous to health or life.

2) The right to be informed

To be protected against fraudulent, deceitful, or grossly

misleading information, advertising, labeling, or other

practices, and to be given the facts to make an informed choice.

3) The right to chooseTo be assured, wherever possible, access to a variety of products and

services at competitive prices and in those industries in which

competition is not workable and government regulation is substituted,

to be assured satisfactory quality and service at fair prices.

4) The right to be heard

To be assured that consumer interests will receive full and sympatheticconsideration in the formulation of government policy, and fair and

expeditious treatment in its administrative tribunals.

5) The right to privacy

To be assured that information disclosed in the course of commercial transaction

is not shared with others unless authorized.


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Major consumer protections specified by

consumer laws

Information protectionsHazardous home appliances must carry a warning label.

Home products must carry a label detailing contents.

Autos must carry a label showing detailed breakdown of price and

all related costs.

Tobacco advertisements and products must carry a health warning label.

Alcoholic beverages must carry a health warning label.

All costs related to real estate transactions must be disclosed.

Warranties must specify the terms of the guarantee and the buyers rights.

False and deceptive advertising can be prohibited.

Food and beverage labels must show complete information.

Food advertising must not make false claims about nutrition.


7/27 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2002 All Rights Reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin

Major consumer protections specified

by consumer lawsDirect hazard protections

Hazardous toys and games for children are banned from sale.Safety standards for motor vehicles are required.

National and state speed limits are specified.

Hazardous, defective, and ineffective products can be recalled

under pressure from EPA, CPSC, NHTSA, and FDA

Pesticide residue in food is allowed only if it poses a negligible risk.

Pricing protectionsUnfair pricing, monopolistic practices, and noncompetitive acts are

regulated by FTC and Justice Department and by states.

Liability protections

When injured by a product, consumers can seek legal redress.

Other protections

No discrimination in the extension of credit.



Major federal consumer protection agencies

and their main responsibilities

Federal Trade

Commission

Competitive pricingDeceptive trade

practices

Packaging

and labeling

Consumer credit

disclosure and

reporting

Online privacy

Food and Drug

Administration

Safety, effectiveness,and labeling of drugs,

foods, food activities,

cosmetics, and

medical devices

Standards for

radiation exposureToxic chemicals

research

Consumer Product

Safety Commission

Safety standards forconsumer products

Flammable fabrics,

hazardous substances,

poison prevention

packaging


9/27 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2002 All Rights Reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 15-9

Major federal consumer protection agencies

and their main responsibilities

National Highway

Traffic Safety

Administration

Motor vehicle safety

standards

Automobile fuel

economy standards

National uniform

speed limitConsumer safeguards

for altered odometers

Department of

Justice

Fair competition

Consumer civil

rights

National

Transportation

Safety Board

Airline safety



Protecting consumer privacy

Consumer self-helpInternet users should use technologies that enable them to protect their

own privacy.

Industry self-regulationBusinesses should adopt voluntary policies and technical standards that

protect the privacy of their customers.

Privacy legislationThe government should pass laws that establish minimum privacy

standards for collecting information online.



Product liability reform proposals

1) Set up uniform federal standards for determining liability.

2) Shift the burden of proving liability to consumers.

3) Eliminate some bases for liability claims.

4) Require the loser to pay the legal costs of the winner.

5) Limit punitive damages.



Business responses to consumerism

Total quality managementThis approach emphasizes achieving high quality and customer satisfaction

through teamwork and continuousimprovement of a companys product or service.

Voluntary industry codes of conductIn some cases, businesses in an industry have banded together to agree

on voluntary codes of conduct, spelling out how theywill treat their customers.

Consumer affairs departmentsThese centralized departments normally handle consumer inquiries and

complaints about a companys products and services.

Product recallsOccurs when a company, either voluntarily or under an agreement with a

government agency, takes back all items found to be dangerously defective.



Employees and

the Corporation



Right to organize and bargain

Safe and healthy workplace

Privacy

Discipline fairly and justly applied

To blow the whistle

Equal employment opportunity

To be treated with respect for

fundamental human rights

No drug or alcohol abuse

No actions that would

endanger others

To treat others with respect and

without harassment of any kind

Honesty; appropriate disclosure

Loyalty and commitment

Respect for employers property and

intellectual capital



Restrictions on employment-at-will

An employer may not fire a worker:

Because of race, gender, religion, national origin, age, or disability.

If this would constitute a violation of public policy, as

determined by the courts.

If, in doing so, it would violate the Worker Adjustment Retraining

Notification Act (WARN).

Simply because the individual was involved in a union organizing drive, orother union activity.

If this would violate an implied contract, such as a verbal promise, or basic

rules of fair dealing.



Occasions for drug testing at work

Pre-employment screeningSome firms test all job applicants or selected

applicants before hire.

Random testing of employees

In many companies, workers in particular job categories

or levels are eligible for screening at any time.

Testing for cause

This test may be given when an employee is believedto be impaired by drugs and unfit for work.



In work context, privacy rightsrefers to protecting anindividuals personal life from unwarranted intrusions by theemployer

4 areas where this might present a dilemma

1. Electronic monitoring - Companies can gather, store,and monitor information about employees activities.This may be at odds with an employees right to privacy

2. Romance in the workplace - If office romance goes sour,one of the people may sue, charging sexual harassment.When one person in a relationship is in a position ofauthority, s/he may be biased in an evaluation of theothers work.



3. Employee drug use and testing - Three-fifths ofcompanies test employees or job applicants forIllegal substances. Arguments in debate overdrug testing are shown on next slide.

4. Alcohol abuse at work - U.S. businesses lose anestimated $70 billion per year in reduced

productivity directly related to alcohol abuse.Many employers now offer EAPs (employeeassistance programs) to help employees with

alcohol and drug abuse issues



Whistle-Blowing and Free Speech

Free speech in the workplace :

oAnother area where employer and employee rights and

duties sometimes conflict

oU.S. Constitution protects free speech; however does notspecifically protect freedom of expression in the workplace

oEmployees are not generally allowed to speak out against

their employers, due to legitimate interests of the business

oWhen societys interests override those of the individual

business, employee may feel the need to speak out or blow

the whistle



Whistle-blowing: when an employee believes his or her

employer has done something this is wrong or harmful to

the public, and he or she reports the alleged misconduct to

the media, government or high company officials

Four conditions must be satisfied to justify whistle-blowing1. Organization is doing something that seriously harms

others

2. Employee has tried and failed to resolve the problem

internally3. Reporting the problem publicly will probably stop or

prevent the harm

4. The harm is serious enough to justify the probable costs

of disclosure to the whistle-blower

Whistle-Blowingand Free Speech


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The U.S. work force is more diverse

than ever before.

More women are working than ever before.

The number of immigrants has increased.

Ethnic and racial diversity is increasing.

The workforce will continue to get older.


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Proportion of women in the labor force,

1948-2013


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The pay gap, 1971-2011 median Annual Income of full-time workers, as a

percentage of those of white men


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Major federal laws and executive orders

prohibiting job discrimination

Equal Pay Act (1963)

Civil Rights Act (1964;

amended 1972, 1991)

Executive Order 11246

(1965)

Age Discrimination in

Employment Act (1967)

Equal Employment

Opportunity Act (1972)

Pregnancy DiscriminationAct (1972)

Americans with

Disabilities Act (1978)

Family and Medical LeaveAct (1993)


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Effective strategies for managing diversity

Articulate a clear diversity mission, set objectives, and

hold managers accountable.

Spread a wide net in recruitment, to find the most diverse

possible pool of qualified candidates.

Identify promising women and persons of color, and provide

them with mentors and other kinds of support.

Set up diversity councils to monitor the companys goals and

progress toward them.


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Persentasi Lingbis FINAL