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PerpetuusGratomicJointVentureWhatistheDifference?GraphiteDerivedGraphenesbasedADVANCEDMATERIALSTargetedtoDeliver
PerformanceEnhancingNanoFillers
UniqueHighlyFriableGraphiteFeedstockOptionAukamNamibia
• Highgradecrystallineveingraphiteproject
• OneoftheonlyjurisdictionsofviableveingraphiteoutsideofSri-Lanka
• Formerproducer(1940to1974)-selectiveminingofhighgraderesultedingraphiticmaterialleftinfiveavailablesurfacecaches.
• Visiblegraphitezonemeasuresatsurface
• Severalveinsopeninloweraditeasilyaccessibleforimmediatemining
• Graphiteveinsvaryinthicknessfrom10to310centimetreswithexploitedveinstypically70to152centimetres.
• AukamgraphitetographenesveinscharacterizedatSwanseaUniversitywhenplasmaprocesseddelivergraphenesat99%carbon.
• NewDiscoveryZone7.5kmalongstrikefromoldmine.
• Continueddrillingtotestandquantifycontinuityvalues
• Aukamgraphiteeasilyliberatesitsgraphenestofacilitatetheproductionofgraphiticadvancedmaterialenhancingfillers
TheAukamProject
PerpetuusGratomicJointVentureVertical-Mine–GrapheneHybridAdvancedMaterialRefinery–CommercialProduct
GrapheneFunctionalizedSurfaceModifiedGrapheneSheetsDerivedfromGraphite
MarketpotentialandtimelineGraphenesderivedfromMinedGraphite
Traditionalgraphitemarket Nextgenerationmarketdominatedbygraphenesderivedfromgraphite
Graphenegrownbottomupatombyatom
2015
ApplicationEvolutionBatterymaterials
21%Graphite
Automotive14%
Lubricants14%
Others
1.2Mtons/Annum
• Graphite2015• Graphiteto
Graphenes2020
2MTons/Annum.
Fireproofingmaterials/crucibles18%
ElastomersComposites66%
Graphene
Automotive6%
Lubricants
6%
Others
FireproofingMaterialscrucibles41%
2016–2020 Thefoundationsofearlylargevolumeconsumptionofgraphenesderivedfromgraphitewillbedrivenbytheelastomers,polymercomposites,energycaptureandstorageapplicationsmarket
• Smartphones:Rechargingweekly
• Electricvehicles:Rangeof600km
2020
Elastomersi.e.tiresAdvancedComposites
EnergyStorageandcapture
• Smartphones:Rechargingweekly
• Electricvehicles:Rangeof600km
• IOT• Biomed
• Semi-Automatic,computercontrolledforrepeatabilityandtune-ability
• Robustandcapableofprocessingmostnano-materials
• TwoTriplechamberDBDPlasmaReactorshavebeendesignedcommissionedandareinproduction.
• Productioncapacitybasedonfivedayweekcapabilityof500tonnesperannum.
• FurtherTriplechamberreactorswillbecommissionedin2018resultingina1000tonneperannumcapacitytosupporttheTireindustry.
Perpetuus/Gratomic-Roadtocommercialization PatentedmethodGraphitetoGrapheneHybridsAdvancedMaterial
EnhancingfillersPatentedmethodGraphitetoGrapheneHybridsAdvancedMaterialc
OUTIN
InputMaterialGraphite OutputMaterialGraphenestacks
PerpetuusDBDPlasmaMethod
Independentquantityandqualityverificationstudysupervisedby:
Quantity
• WebelievethatPerpetuusisthefirstandonlyofitsknownglobalcompetitorsintheindustrytohaveoutputquantityindependentlyverified
• WorkstudycommissionedandundertakeninSept2014byindustrialprocessexpertsScott-GrantLimitedandattendedbyGrantThornton
• ThestudyconfirmedthatthePerpetuusDBDplasmareactorhasatheoreticalproductioncapacityof141tonnesoffunctionalizedgraphenesperannum(24/7production)Quality
• WebelievethatPerpetuusisthefirstandonlyofitsknownglobalcompetitorsintheindustrytohaveitsproductionoutputsindependentlyverifiedtoestablishitsquality/purity/crystalinity/functionalization/morphology
• PerpetuuscommissionedCardiffUniversitysupportedbySwanseaUniversitytocarryoutafullanalysisandcharacterizationofitsfunctionalizedgraphenes
• TheindependentreportconcludedthatPerpetuus’functionalizedgraphitederivedgraphenesareofasuitablequalityformass-marketcommercialization
ApplicationTechnology DispersetheGrapheneStacksintoapolymer-Shearingenergyliberatesgraphenes
• Nano-intermediariescanonlybeobtainedthroughHomogenousDispersions• Preparedbyrealizingthemaximumsurfaceareaalongwithempatheticmatrixselective
functionalization-facilitatingtheefficientmixingofGraphenestacksintothetireselastomerictargetedmatrix.
• Dispersionroutes:includehighshearmixingmeltintercalation&insitupolymerization
Matrix Graphenestacks Tireelastomerdispersion
PerpetuusGraphenesDerivedfromGraphitePowderelastomerpolymermix
PerpetuusGratomicCollaboration
RoadtoCommercialization
• Consistentlyproducegraphenesviaanenvironmentallyfriendlypatentedcomputercontrolledproductionprocesses
•• 2018Highqualitygraphitederivedgraphenesat100kilosperhourtailoredfortheenduse.
•• Surfaceengineered,functionalisedandnonfunctionalisedoptions
• Viablecostofproduction‘intermediate’graphenesprovidedspecificallytomeettirecustomerapplicationrequirements.
• CustomergrapheneenhancedtirescurrentlyroadtestinginAsiaandEurope.
•• Expectations-2018Firstcommercialsalesofgrapheneenhancedtireshastakenplace
•• Saleswillgrowandacceleratein2019
COMMERCIALSTATUSGRAPHENEENHANCEDPASSENGERVEHICLETIRES
Graphitederivedplasmaprocessedgraphenesbeingtestedby7majortyremanufacturers-potentialdemand>10,000tonnesp.a.
Provenstudiesestablish:• Theuseofgrapheneininnerlinercompoundswillreduceairpermeability• Graphenesequalalightertyre• Graphenesequalslowerrollingresistance,highimpactandtensileproperties• Graphenesoffersimprovedeconomyandsuperiorperformance
PlasmaprocessedGraphenesderivedfromgraphitearecurrentlyundergoingpre-productiontrialsin:AsiaandEurope
TestresultsusingPlasmaprocessedGraphitederivedGraphenesestablish:• Highergripbrakingreducedby2metersat50kph(whichissignificant)• Rollingresistanceof0.019vs.normof0.009,(meaninglongerfreewheel&increasedeconomy)
• Increaseinwearwhenrealworldroadtestedagainstapremiumbrandtireapprox.5,000kilometresovernormforpremiumnongraphenetyre
• Graphenes-PlasmaFunctionalizedFillerParticles• MorphologiesTailoredToEnableSuperiorPropertiesWithinUltraLightand
StrongPolymerandElastomericComposites
Tiretestingresults
PunctureTestTotalenergyrequiredtopunctureelevatedby4%forPerpetuusGrapheneenhancedtyreovercompetitortyre.Lesspunctureincidents
ThermalCharacteristicsOnaveragea21%decreaseinheatbuildupforPerpetuusgraphenetyreswasseenincomparisonwithcompetitor.Efficientheatdissipationwhenrunning
DeflectionStudy40%reductionindeflectionseeninradialdeflectiontesting.ProvidinggreaterstabilitythancompetitorstiresLowerdeflection=lessheatgeneration+lessenergyconsumption.
PowerInput(watts)5%elevationinconvertingpowerinputtospeedwhichisasignificantimprovementovercompetitorsgrapheneenhancedandconventionaltires
Comparisonplasmaprocessedgraphitederivedgraphenetireversuscompetitormarketleadinggraphenetire
CommercialStatus:Graphenesbeingtestedby7majortyremanufacturerswithpotentialdemand>10,000tonnesp.a.
FIRSTTARGETEDCOMMERCIALAPPLICATION
GrapheneEnhancedTires
Tireterraintestsonsmallcommercialhighmileagevehicles15instiresrepeatedinEuropeandAsia
PremierBrandTiretestedagainstGrapheneenhancedTiretreads.PunishingTerrainTestingViacommerciallightdeliveryvehiclesRepeatedthreetimessameresult
ConventionalComposite
carbonfiber resin
PremierBrandApprox.11000miles
TreadwithenhancedgraphenesApprox.11000
miles
TreadwithenhancedgraphenesApprox.11000miles
PerpetuusGratomicJointVentureWhatistheDifference?GraphiteDerivedGraphenesbasedADVANCEDMATERIALSTargetedtoDeliver
PerformanceEnhancingNanoFillersTheMarket(ThePrize)
1.In2015,theUSalonemanufacturedalmost170milliontires.Over2.5billiontiresaremanufacturedannually,makingthetireindustryamajorconsumerofnaturalrubberandsyntheticrubber.Itisestimatedthatin2019,3billiontireswillbesoldgloballyeveryyear.2.EachyearAmericansspendabout$20billionreplacingthetiresontheirpassengercarsandlighttrucks.Atotalofabout200millionreplacementpassengertiresarepurchasedintheUnitedStatesaloneannually.3.Thetireyoubuywillaffectnotonlythehandling,traction,ridecomfort,andappearanceofthevehiclsbutalsofueleconomy.4.Tiresaffectvehiclefueleconomymainlythroughrollingresistance.Asatirerollsunderthevehicle’sweight,itsshapechangesrepeatedlyasitexperiencesrecurringcyclesofdeformationandrecovery.Combinationsofdifferencesintiredimensions,design,materials,andconstructionfeatureswillcausetirestodifferinrollingresistanceaswellasinmanyotherattributessuchastraction,handling,noise,wearresistance,andappearance.5.GrapheneHybridenhancedtirescanbeformulatedfortheneedsrequiredforthepurpose-HyperHigh-PerformancePassengerTirestoBatterypoweredvehiclestoIndustrialTires.6.AgrapheneHybridenhancedTirewillreducerollingresistancemorempgormilespercharge,increasewearlastlongeralleviatingtheburdenontiredisposalandrecyclingandprovidesuperiorhandlingsafety.GratomicPrimaryDeliverable·LaunchHHPGratomictireintomarket2018.·Why?DemonstratethataGrapheneenhancedTireisavailableforthepublictopurchase.·GeneratemarketpulldrivingsalesoftheGratomicRangeintomorethan12millionTiresperanuumsalesby2020.