Permanent Upper Canine Notes

8/10/2019 Permanent Upper Canine Notes

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Permanent Upper Canines

Teeth Description Qs must be answered in this order1. Functions2. Chronology3. Number of lobes4. Geometric Outline of the crown (what is the overall shape of the crown?)5. Outlines of the crown (trace the borders of the crown and root and describe each border) 6. Outline of the root (see above)7. Surface anatomy of the crown and root8. Pulp cavity

Functions - Cutting and Tearing- Aethetics: Well-arranged and properly aligned teeth support facial expressions and give a nice

appearance to the face- Speaking: Clear pronunciation and sound- Growth of Jaws

Chronology

B.O.C Crown Completion Eruption Root CompletionUpper Cs 4-5y 6-7y 9-10y 12-13yLower Cs 4-5y 6-7y 11-12y 14-16y

Number of Lobes

- 4 lobes 3 Lobes (Labially) + 1 Cingulum (Lingually)o Cingulum: A rounded elevation on the cervical third of the lingual surface of crowns in

anterior teeth representing the maximum convexity on the lingual side. o Middle labial lobe over-develops (i.e. develops more than the other 2 labial lobes) to form

the labial ridge and the cusp tip

Labial AspectGeometric Outline of the crown- Trapezoid outline with the shorter side cervically and longer side incisally *The cusp-tip is not included into the trapezoidal outline

Lobe: A primary centre of calcification and growthformed during crown development. Each tooth isformed from the union of 4 lobes or more. Pulp hornsin the pulp chamber correspond to each lobe.


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Outlines of the crown

Mesial Outline Distal Outline MesialCusp Slope

Distal CuspSlope

CervicalOutline

ContactAreas

UpperCs

Convex till thecontact area

(@ the jxnbetweenincisal andmiddle 1/3)

Concave till thecontact area

(@ middle 1/3)

Concave Convex Convex RootWise

Morecervically

LowerCs

Straight Concave Convex Straight Convex RootWise

Moreincisally (socrownappearslonger andthinnerthan lower)

*Convex/Concave/More convex = All the curvatures are only SLIGHTLY curved, curvature is not verypronounced*Upper Cs cusp tip is more pointed than lower Cs cusp tip

Outline of the Root

Upper Cs Lower Cs Mesial and DistalOutline

Tapered to a pointed distally curvedapex

Tapered to a sharply pointed distallycurved apex

Surface Anatomy of the Crown

- Elevationso Crown surface is convex with maximum convexity at the cervical ridgeo Prominent ridge that runs from the cusp tip toward the cervical margin representing the

labial ridgeo Middle lobe is well developed giving the cusp

- Depressionso Shallow longitudinal depression lie mesial and distal to the labial ridge

Labial Developmental Grooves: A narrow, shallow, sharply defined linear depressionon the labial surface of canines representing the fusion between lobes

Surface Anatomy of the Root- Root shows smooth convex surface

Pulp CavityPulp Chamber: Present in crown- Outline of pulp chamber follows outline of crown- In young teeth, pulp chamber has pulp horns related to the cusps

Labial Ridge: A linear elevation on the labial surface ofcanines which represents greater development of themiddle labial lobe.

Cusp Slope: A linear elevation on theocclusal surface of posterior teeth.

Cervical Line: Junction betweencementum and enamel

Cervical Ridge: linear elevation on the cervical 1/3of facial surfaces of all teeth representing the

maximum convexit of the facial surface


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Root Canal: Present in root- Outline of root canal follows outline of root- Number of root canal is only one

o Sometimes lower canine has 2 root canines labially and lingually. Canals open in one apicalforamen or separate foramina.

Lingual AspectCan skip Geometric outline of the crown, Outlines of the crown, Outline of the root and write Thelingual surface is the reverse outline of the labial surface with lingual convergenceGeometric Outline of the crown : Same as labial aspect

Outlines of the crown : Same as labial aspect

Outline of the Root : Same as labial aspect

Surface Anatomy of the Crown- Elevations

o Distal and Mesial marginal ridges:o Cingulumo In upper canines, prominent lingual ridge extends from cusp tip to the cingulum whereas in

lower canines, the lingual ridge is restricted to the incisal thirdo Distal Cusp Slope (also known as distal incisal ridge) and Mesial Cusp Slope (also known as

mesial incisal ridge)

- Depressionso In upper canines, lingual ridge divides lingual fossa into a mesial and distal lingual fossae (2

fossae) whereas there is only one fossa in lower canines (due to a less developed lingualridge)

*Elevations of lower canine are not as well developed as the upper canine*Lingual surface is smaller in size than the labial surface due to lingual convergence

Surface Anatomy of the Root- Root shows smooth convex surface

Pulp Cavity : Same as labial aspect

Proximal AspectGeometric Outline of the crownProximal Aspects: Triangular outline with the apex incisally and base cervically

Marginal Ridge: A linear elevation on the mesial and distalmargin of the occlusal surface of posterior teeth.

Cingulum: A rounded elevation on the cervical third of thelingual surface of crowns in anterior teeth representing themaximum convexity on the lingual side.

Lingual Ridge: A linear elevation that is found on the lingualsurface of canines. Its m ore developed in the upper caninethan lower canine

Cusp Slope: A linear elevation on theocclusal surface of posterior teeth.


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- Cusp tip of upper 3 centralized on the long axis or inclined labially from the long axis and is alsoshifted mesially from long axis

- Cusp tip of lower 3 inclined lingually from the long axis and is also shifted mesially from long axis*Long Axis = Line that runs through the crown and root of the tooth in a way that the substance (crownand root) around the line is symmetrically distributed

Outlines of the crown

Labial Outline Lingual Outline Cervical outlineUpper Cs Convex cervically due to

the cervical ridge andstraight in the middle andincisal region (straightbeing labially inclined)

Convex cervicallyrepresented by thecingulum, straight in themiddle due to the lingualridge and convex incisallydue to the incisal ridge

Concave root-wisehowever curvature is lesson the distal than mesialside

Lower Cs Convex cervically due tothe cervical ridge andstraight in the middle andincisal region (straightbeing lingually inclined)

Convex cervicallyrepresented by thecingulum, concave in themiddle due to the lingualfossa and convex incisallydue to the lingual fossa

Concave root-wisehowever curvature is lesson the distal than mesialside

*For upper Cs, in the middle of the lingual outline, you would expect a depression due to the lingualfossa, however, its straight due to the lingual ridge but in lower Cs, the middle is concave as the lingualridge is not as long/prominent.

Outline of the Root

Upper Canine Lower Canine

Labial and LingualOutline

Tapered from cervical line to a pointedblunted apex (gradual tapering starting fromcervical 1/3 of root to the end)

Nearly straight from the cervical line to themiddle third then tapered to a more pointedapex (tapering only start at the middle-incisal 1/3 jxn)

Surface Anatomy of the Crown- Crown surface is convex and smooth except...

o Area cervical to the contact area shows flattening in the mesial surfaceo Area cervical to the contact area shows a concavity on the distal surface

Surface Anatomy of the Root- Root surface is broad with longitudinal depression

o Longitudinal depression is shallower mesially than distally of same tooth and is shallower inupper canine than lower canine

*Longitudinal depression in lower canine may be so deep that it may cause bifurcation in the root(bifurcation apically or extend up to cervical 1/3)

Incisal Ridge: A linear elevation on the lingual surface at the incisal third ofanterior teeth. Gets worn down by time. Outlines the incisal border of thelin ual fossa.

Lingual Fossa: A circumscribed depression found onthe lingual surface of anterior teeth.


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Incisal Aspect

Geometric Outline of the crown- Diamond shape (thickness>width)

Outlines of the crownIncisal Aspect (what the diamond outline consist of): Draw PIC!- Labial surface appears convex- Cingulum forms a short arc

Surface Anatomy of the Crown : Same as labial and lingual aspects


Extra Notes*Redo defintions and pictures*Possible Contact Areas: Incisal 1/3, Jxn between incisal (or occlusal) and middle 1/3 and center ofmiddle 1/3*Anterior Teeth Contact Areas Mesial side always incisal 1/3, Distal side always jxn between incisaland middle 1/3*Majority of Posterior Teeth Contact Areas Mesial side usually Jxn between occlusal 1/3 and middle

1/3 and distal side usually center of middle 1/3*Most common anterior tooth to have 2 roots is the LOWER CANINE*3 main differences between mesial/distal surfaces of teeth is the level of contact area, curvature ofcervical line and the depth of the developmental grooves

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Permanent Upper Canine Notes