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PERIYAR GOVERNMENT ARTS

COLLEGECUDDALORE -1AFFILIATED TO THIRUVALLUVAR UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY 

  COURSE : III B.Sc Zoology  Subject Paper : appli! "#o$ology

Subject Coe:UZO%&

 T!t"e o# t$e A%%!&'(e't

PEST OF COTTON

Na(e o# t$e Stue't : R)SU*ASH

Ro"" Nu(ber:1+,T+

Re&!%ter Nu(ber:1./1+U++.+0

Date o# %ub(!%%!o': ).1).12

S'($i##! #o Dr) R)3ANNAN4 5)Sc)4 5)P$!")4 P$)D

A%%!%ta't Pro#e%%or 6 Hea

P7 6 Re%earc$ Depart(e't o# ,oo"o&8

PESTS OF COTTON

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  SYNOPSIS

  I"#)o!'c#io" I$ag* +o) p*# o+ co##o"

  I"*c# a"! $i# p*#* ,-ic- pi)c o) )a*p

pla"# #i**' #o #)ac# *ap /Fig. A #o D0.

  Ca#)pilla)* #-a# c-, o) $i" #- +oliag o)

*1)

*!li"g *#$*.

 

I"*c#* #-a# +! i" *2'a)* o) (oll*.

I"#)o!'c#io"

In 1980, cotton was planted on 25,506 hectares (63,000 acres) of North

Carolina farm land Cle!eland Co"nt#, the $cotland%&o'eson co"nties area,and the Northampton%alifa%*d+ecom'e co"nties area prod"ce 90 percentof the cotton in North Carolina Insects are an important factor in cottonprod"ction here '"t onl# the 'ollworm and the 'oll wee!il  are consideredlimitin+ pest mana+ement approach of !ar#in+ de+rees of sophisticationhas 'een applied for insect control in all cotton%prod"cin+ areas of o"r state 

I$ag* +o) p*# o+ co##o"

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 I"*c# a"! $i# p*#* ,-ic- pi)c o) )a*p pla"#

#i**' #o #)ac# *ap /Fig. A #o D0.

 phids % -s"all# feedin+ in colonies, these #ellow, +reen or 'lac., pear%shaped insects (/i+ a'o!e) ma# 'e as lon+ as 2 mm and ma# or ma# not

ha!e win+s Infested lea!es c"rl and p"c.er hea!il# infested seedlin+s'ecome st"nted and die 'lac. mold, which +rows on the stic.#, s"+ar#hone#dew that aphids ecrete, is often e!idence of aphid infestation

Cotton aphid % his aphid is "s"all# #ellow in the s"mmer and pale or dar.+reen in cooler seasons

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Cowpea aphid % he ad"lt of this species is 'lac. with white appenda+es hen#mph is pale +ra# with a powder# coatin+

arnished plant '"+ % pproimatel# 6 mm lon+, this o!al%shaped, 'rownl#+"s '"+ (/i+ 4 a'o!e) has lon+ le+s, lon+ antennae, and a white trian+le

'etween its sho"lders It etracts sap from terminals, s"ares, flowers, and'olls, ca"sin+ #o"n+ fr"itin+ forms to 'e shed Infested flowers and 'olls ma#open premat"rel#

hrips % $e!eral species of these #ellow, oran+e, 'rown, or 'lac. raspin+insects (/i+ C a'o!e) attac. seedlin+ cotton /olia+e infested '# these tin#,frin+ed%win+ insects 'ecomes distorted and c"rls "pward terminal  '"ds aresometimes .illed

wospotted spider mite % he almost microscopic, ei+ht%le++ed, ad"lt

female mite is #ellowish (/i+ a'o!e) to dar. +reen with 2 or dar. spotson its 'ac. he immat"re mite ma# ha!e 6 or 8 le+s /eedin+ on the"nderside of the leaf, this mite etracts sap, ca"sin+ the "pper leaf s"rface toha!e a whitish or 'ron7e cast $e!ere infestations can res"lt in defoliation andloss of plant !i+or $il.en we's are common on the "nderside of infestedlea!es, partic"larl# alon+ the lar+e leaf !eins

 Ca#)pilla)* #-a# c-, o) $i" #- +oliag o) *1)

  *!li"g *#$*.

 rm#worms % hese smooth%s.inned, !ario"sl# colored caterpillars ha!e 5pairs of prole+s, are occasionall# pro'lem folia+e pests, and ma# 'e diffic"lt tocontrol chemicall#

4eet arm#worm % his dar.%headed (/i+ a'o!e), +reen or 'lac. lar!asometimes has 3 lon+it"dinal, li+ht stripes and "s"all# attains a len+th of 25 to30 mm small 'lac. spot occ"rs on each side of the second se+ment 'ehind

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the head (/i+ 4 a'o!e) his lar!a normall# s.eletoni7es folia+e '"t at timesfeeds on s"ares, 'looms, and 'olls ca"sin+ economic loss to cotton

/all arm#worm % ltho"+h this +reen, 'rown, or 'lac. caterpillar primaril#attac.s 'looms, s"ares, and 'olls, it also feeds on the folia+e,

occasionall# tops plants, and 'ores into stems his lar!a has 5 pairs ofprole+s, reaches a maim"m len+th of 0 mm, and often has distinct in!erted on its head caps"le (/i+ C a'o!e) It has a 'lac., lon+it"dinal stripe downeach side of its 'od# and a #ellowish%+ra# stripe down its 'ac.

ellowstriped arm#worm % &eachin+ a len+th of "p to 5 mm, the smooth%s.inned, pale +ra# to et 'lac. caterpillar has a #ellowish%oran+e stripe alon+each side and a pair of 'lac., trian+"lar spots on the 'ac. of most se+ments(/i+ a'o!e) :i.e the fall arm#worm, this lar!a often has a pale '"t distinctin!erted on its head caps"le (/i+ * a'o!e) his insect rarel# reaches

dama+in+ le!els on cotton '"t is most in"rio"s to seedlin+s

Ca''a+e looper  % &eachin+ a len+th of a'o"t 0 mm, this +reen caterpillarhas 3 pairs of prole+s and se!eral lon+it"dinal, white stripes Its 'od# tapersfrom rear to front Its feedin+ lea!es ra++ed holes in thefolia+e

C"tworms hese fat caterpillars reach a len+th of 0 or 5 mm and ha!e 5pairs of prole+s he# displa# a !ariet# of feedin+ ha'its and c"rl "p whendist"r'ed he# se!er seedlin+ stems and occasionall#

feed on lea!es

4lac. c"tworm % he s.in of this li+ht +ra# to 'lac. c"tworm is +ran"lated, the+ran"les resem'lin+ ro"nded, flattened pe''les (/i+ ) he caterpillar c"tsseedlin+s off at the soil line d"rin+ the ni+ht It commonl# p"lls the c"t stem ofa seedlin+ into the entrance of its '"rrow and feeds on it d"rin+ the da#

;ran"late c"tworm % his c"tworm has a pale 'rown head, a dar. 'rown 'anddown its 'ac. and 'rown sides with faint stripes he s.in +ran"les of this

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c"tworm are li.e 'l"nt cones as hi+h as the# are wide (/i+ 4) he caterpillaralso se!ers seedlin+s near the soil line at ni+ht

<arie+ated c"tworm % ltho"+h primaril# dama+in+ to seedlin+ stems, thisspecies is a clim'in+ c"tworm and ma# feed on folia+e Its smooth%s.inned

'od# is pale +ra# to dar. 'rown with a row of oran+e or #ellow spots down themiddle of its 'ac. 'lac. spot and a #ellow spot occ"r on the ei+htha'dominal se+ment

 I"*c#* #-a# +! i" *2'a)* o) (oll*.

4oll wee!il lar!a % he white%'odied, 'rown%headed, le+less +r"' (/i+ ), "pto 13 mm lon+, feeds within s"ares or small 'olls, destro#in+ the contents

4oll =ee!il ad"lt % 'o"t 85 mm lon+, the reddish%'rown or +ra# ad"lt wee!il(/i+ 4) has a distincti!e characteristic> a do"'le%toothed sp"r on the inners"rface of each front le+ he female p"nct"res s"ares and #o"n+ 'olls to

la# e++s hese nipple%li.e e++ p"nct"res are a'o"t 1 mm in diameter *++%p"nct"red s"ares flare and fall to the +ro"nd where lar!al de!elopment iscompleted

Caterpillars % hese moth lar!ae ha!e 3 pairs of short le+s near the head and5 pairs of prole+s

4ollworm comple % =hen f"ll# +rown, these lar!ae are +reen, reddish, or'rown with pale, lon+it"dinal stripes and scattered, 'lac. spots *arl# instarsare cream colored or #ellowish%+reen with few mar.in+s :ar!al instars !ar#

from 15 to mm in len+th and ha!e 5 pairs of prole+s he contents ofs"ares or 'olls ma# 'e completel# cons"med '# 'ollworms Cotton lintde!elopment is red"ced and rot or+anisms ma# +ain entrance into the 'ollsthat are onl# partiall# dama+ed

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/all arm#worm % $ee $ection 41' of this .e# for description his caterpillarma# 'ore into stems and 'olls li.e the 'ollworm, '"t t#picall# enters the 'oll atthe tip or at the 'ase net to the stem

ellowstriped arm#worm % $ee $ection 41c of this .e# for description his

lar!a occasionall# 'ores into s"ares or 'olls '"t is rarel# an economicpro'lem

  Submitted by

  R.SUBASH