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Baroque 17th and 18th Centuries Massive, opulent and based on curved forms It is the fusion of Architecture and sculpture Lavish ornament, dramatic vistas and dynamic effects Vast scale, rich materials and dramatic lighting Periods of Renaissance Architecture Early Renaissance (Brunelleschi and Alberti) High Renaissance (Bramante, Raphael, Michelangelo, & Palladio) Baroque (Bernini and Borromini) This image and the text corresponding to this image may only be used for noncommercial, educational, and scholarly purposes. ImagePage 1 of 57 Baroque & Rococo.prs

Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

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Page 1: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

Baroque 17th and 18th Centuries Massive, opulent and based on curved forms  It is the fusion of Architecture and sculpture 

Lavish ornament, dramatic vistas and dynamic effects Vast scale, rich materials and dramatic lighting

Periods of Renaissance ArchitectureEarly Renaissance (Brunelleschi and Alberti)High Renaissance (Bramante, Raphael, Michelangelo, & Palladio)

Baroque (Bernini and Borromini)

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Page 2: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – 

the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque Architecture to impress their subjects Baroque developed from the protesting of the mechanical restraints of Renaissance.

Baroque 17th and 18th Centuries 1620 Mayflower lands in Massachusetts1632 Galileo publishes theories on planetary motion1639 Opera developed as art form1687 Isaac Newton publishes mathematical theories1704 Bach writes first cantata

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Page 3: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

Gianlorenzo Bernini 1598‐16691656‐1667 Piazza San Pietro

Gianlorenzo Bernini 1598‐1669 Began as a sculptor, but was also a skilled painter, and composed and produced operas and plays.He loved grand scale.  He designed in marble, gilding and dramatic lighting.Was founding father of Baroque. Started architecture at the age of 25. 

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Page 4: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

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Page 5: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

Gianlorenzo Bernini1656‐1667 Piazza San Pietro Curving colonnades that symbolically embrace pilgrams arriving to St. Peter’sThe obelisk provides a central exclamation point

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Page 6: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

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Page 7: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

Gianlorenzo Bernini 1598‐16691656‐1667 Piazza San PietroEnormous oval framed by two colonnades of 284 columns and 88 pillars in four rows.Topped by an entablature with 140 statues of saints 

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Page 9: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

Sant’Andrea al Quirinale 1658‐65 BerniniBernini believed it was his most perfect creationElegant half oval porch

Sant’Andrea al Quirinale 1658‐65 BerniniOval plan with the short axis leading to the altar

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Page 12: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

Sant’Andrea al Quirinale 1658‐65 BerniniInterior:  walls lined with pink marble, coffered ceiling, elaborate painting over the altar

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Page 15: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

Francesco Borromini 1599‐1667 Shy, timid, neurotic.  Broke many rules of architecture – his designs were base on the rigorous geometrical system.He worked on small scale and used simple materials – brick and stucco.  

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Sant’Ivo della Sapienza  1642‐60 Borromini Church was fitted between two existing arcadesCentralized plan with two interlocking equilateral triangles forming a 6 point star (Star of David)

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Page 18: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

Sant’Ivo della Sapienza  1642‐60 Borromini This form has the eye of the viewer moving around the structureChurch filled with symbolism: Star (Star of David), 

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Page 19: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

Pietro da Cortona, 1596‐1669Trained as a painter and practiced Architecture on the sideDesigned facades as stage sets – catching dramatic contrasts of light and shade in the Roman light

Sant’Ivo della Sapienza  1642‐60 Borromini 

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Page 20: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

Santa Maria della Pace, 1656‐57, Pietro da CortonaDesigned the façade to give symmetry to a group of  irregular buildings

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Page 21: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

Santa Maria della Pace, 1656‐57, Pietro da CortonaSemicircular porch influenced Wren

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Page 24: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

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Page 25: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

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Page 26: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

Louvre begun 1667 Le Vau, PerraultEastern FaçadeMajestic dimensions, regular rhythmLacking strong sense of personalityStrong expression of power

France 17th centuryRestrained in everything except spectacular size and effect

France was celebrating the golden age of culture, arts, literature, painting, sculpture and architecture.

Architecture was a state business, that formulated standards that would be followed by all.

Baroque was followed by Rococo in 1720 – 1750 in Paris.  Rococo is characterized by light in color and feel.  Interiors were intended to delight.

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Page 28: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

Versailles begun 1660 Le Vau, MansartKing Louis XIII built a hunting lodgeKing Louis XIV made it the grandest chateau

Louis Le Vau & Jules Hardouin Mansart– ArchitectsCharles Brun – Interior DecoratorAndre Le Norte – Landscape Designer

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Page 29: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

Versailles begun 1660 Le Vau, Mansart5,000 nobles lived here, (100,000 inhabitants)12,000 horses in the stablesMilitary of 14,000 Cost more than 100 million dollars Scale, richness of materials, blending of painting and sculpture with architecture

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Page 33: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

Versailles begun 1660 Le Vau, Mansart

Versailles begun 1660 Le Vau, Mansart

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Versailles begun 1660 Le Vau, MansartGardens radiated from the palace’s midpointCenter of the axis that stretched 8 miles was the kings bedroom – king center of the world

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Page 35: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

Versailles begun 1660 Le Vau, MansartThe land was leveled, drained and organized in rigid geometric gardensThe rigid geometry of the buildings were expressed in the flower beds, hedges, fountains (1,400), pools, canals, avenues and lawns; all setting up focal points and vistas

36,000 gardeners tended the gardens

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Page 36: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

Christopher Wren, 1632‐ 1723An Astronomer and physicist, and an amateur architectHe was also a geniusMany university buildingsTraveled but never used Baroque or Rococo in his designsAfter the Fire of London in 1666, he was responsible for the rebuilding of St. Paul’s Cathedral and 51 other city churchesGreatest contribution was the complex and inventive steeples – changing the skyline of London

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Page 37: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

St. Paul’s Cathedral, Wren 1675‐ 1710Designed in the shape of a Latin cross463’ long and 101’ wide with a circular space at the crossing8 pillars support the dome

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Page 38: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

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Page 40: Periods of Renaissance Architecture Baroque & Rococo.prs. Baroque in Rome 1620‐1660 It was the expression of the Catholic Revival – the new spirit of Catholicism Rulers used Baroque

St. Paul’s Cathedral, Wren 1675‐

1710The shaped dome is 214’‐3” above the floor, painted with scenes from St. Paul’s lifeDome is a complex structure – hemispherical outer cupola with a shallow interior dome – with an intermediate brick cone & strengthened by a double iron chainDominant feature of the London skyline

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St. Paul’s Cathedral, Wren 1675‐1710

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St. Paul’s Cathedral, Wren 1675‐1710

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St. Paul’s Cathedral, Wren 1675‐

171032 butress walls radiate from the drumTwo baroque steeples that flank the west façade are 212’ highThe west façade has a two‐tiered portico of coupled columns

St. Paul’s Cathedral, Wren 1675‐1710

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The Pantheon, Paris 1757‐80 SoufflotBold structure: thin interior columns supporting domeHuge columns in the portico are widely spacedExterior Colonnaded drum supporting domeDome is a version of Wren’s St. Paul’s

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The Pantheon, Paris 1757‐80 SoufflotFaçade based on that of the Pantheon in Rome

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