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Periods of British Lit. Celtic > 50BCPreliterate, pagan Roman50BC – 450ADCaesar, infrastructure, Latin Anglo-Saxon450 – 1066Angle-land, kingdoms, Latin, Old Eng. Medieval1066 – 1485Normans, French, Middle English Renaissance1485 – 1660Rebirth, humanist, intellectual - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Periods of British LitCeltic > 50BC Preliterate, paganRoman 50BC – 450AD Caesar, infrastructure, LatinAnglo-Saxon 450 – 1066 Angle-land, kingdoms, Latin, Old Eng.Medieval 1066 – 1485 Normans, French, Middle EnglishRenaissance 1485 – 1660 Rebirth, humanist, intellectual
Elizabethan 1558 – 1603 Spencer, Marlowe, Sydney, Shakes, BaconJacobean 1603 – 1649 Kings James/Charles, Donne, CavaliersPuritan 1649 – 1660 No fun, Cromwell dictator, Milton, Bunyan
Restoration 1660 – 1702 Fire, plague, first novels18th Century 1702 – 1798 Enlightenment/Reason, non-fictionRomantic 1798 – 1832 Anti-Enlightenment, Lyrical BalladsVictorian 1832 – 1914 First Reform Law, Scott’s death20th Century 1914 > Anything goes, Modernism, wars
Anglo Saxon (450-1066)Beowulf:
British epic about what makes a good warrior, king, Anglo-Saxon values, good and evil
Historical Beowulf ~500 AD, told ~800, written ~1000 in Old English/Anglo-Saxon
All translations from same source document
Bede: 673-735 History of the English Church and People (Caedmon of Whitby)
Alfred: d.899 King committed to writing in vernacular versus Latin
Medieval (1066-1485)Chretien d’Troyes: late 12th century, Arthurian Romances (Yvain), French
Lion in Winter: modern play about Henry II and his family in 1185, eve of crusades
Chaucer: d.1400, Canterbury Tales, Middle English, frame story was to contain 120 tales (Prologue, Knight’s, Pardoner’s, Reeve’s, Wife of Bath’s)
Malory: d.1471, Morte d’Arthur, collected stories of Arthurian legend, PROSE!, sets forth English stance on chivalry, national character
Renaissance (1485-1660)
Henry VII – VIII, Edward, MaryColumbus, CabotThomas More (Man for All Seasons, Utopia)Luther, Reformation, Church of EnglandSonnets introduced
Elizabethan (1558-1603)
Jacobean (1603-1649) reigns of James I and Charles I
Puritan (1649-1660) English civil war resulted in Cromwell as a military dictator)
Elizabethan (1558-1603)
Spenser – Fairie Queen
Marlowe – Playwright, Faust
Sydney – Sonneteer, Defense of Poesy, Astrophel and Stella
Shakespeare
Francis Bacon – Novum Organum, Of Studies
Jacobean (1603-1648)John Donne
Early period: conceits, love poems, To a FleaMiddle period: to his wife, compass conceitLate period: metaphysical, Death Be Not Proud, No Man Is an Island, Ask Not for Whom the Bell Rings
Herbert – Metaphysical poet
Andrew Marvell – between metaphysical poets and cavaliers
Tribe of Ben (Jonson)Cavalier poets: Suckling, Lovelace, Vaughan
Puritans (1648-1660)
John Milton: goes blind, VERY IMPORTANTParadise Lost: English Epic
John BunyanPilgrim’s Progress: Vanity Fair
Restoration/18th Century
• Not a lot of fiction, poetry or drama
• Age of science: i.e., Newton
• Technology: Watt (steam engine) > coal
• Age of political science: Locke, Hobbs
• Age of history: Gibbon
• Biography, dictionary, magazines, philosophy
• Age of wit, satire, descriptions of real things, ideas
Restoration/18th Century
John Dryden: Critic : An Essay of Dramatic Poesy (re: Shakespeare)Poet: Mac Flecknoe: Scathing lampoon of contemporary poet; Song for St. Cecelia’s Day
Samuel Pepys: Diarist of 17th Century London, in code
Daniel Defoe: Pen for hireJournal of the Plague YearsRobinson CrusoeMoll Flanders
Restoration/18th Century
Jonathan Swift: greatest satiristGulliver’s Travels: 4 journeys (Lilliputians, Giants, Scientists, Horses)
Modest Proposal (to eat Irish babies)
Addison & Steele: first magazines
Alexander Pope: everything in heroic coupletsRape of the Lock (mock epic)
Epigrams (hope springs eternal, a little learning is a dangerous thing, to err is human, to forgive divine, fools rush in where angels fear to tread)
Restoration/18th Century
• Samuel Johnson: first dictionary, critic, lexicographer, wit
• James Boswell: first great biographer
• Thomas Grey: poet (Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard)
Restoration/18th Century
Transitional Figures
• Robert Burns: National poet of Scotland – To a Mouse– Auld Lang Syne– Sweet Afton
• William Blake: Poet, printer, artist, print-maker– Poems of Innocence and Experience– Dante’s Divine Comedy– Milton’s Paradise Lost
Romantic Period (1798-1832)
• Begins with Lyrical Ballads
• Gothic novels pre-date
• Reaction against rationality of Enlightenment
• Passion, nature, supernatural, radicalism, REVOLUTION
• Ends with First Reform Bill, death of Scott, ascendency of Victoria
Romantic Poets
First Generation
• William Wordsworth: Lyrical Ballads!– Tintern Abbey– I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
• Samuel Coleridge: Lyrical Ballads– Rime of the Ancient Mariner– Kubla Khan
Romantic PoetsSecond Generation
• Lord Byron– After Swimming from Sestos to Abydos, She
Walks in Beauty, Childe Harold, Don Juan
• Percy Shelley: politically radical, communes, free love, married Mary, died young and mysteriously– Ozymandias, Ode to the West Wind, England in
1819
• John Keats: died very young, very promising– On first Looking into Chapman’s Homer, Bright
Star, The Eve of St. Agnes, Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on a Grecian Urn
Romantic Novelists• Walter Scott: started out as a poet, felt he could
not be more successful than Byron. Practically invents historical fiction– Ivanhoe– Waverly– Rob Roy
• Jane Austen: Comedic novels about class issues/marriage– Pride and Prejudice– Sense and Sensibility– Persuasion– Northanger Abby– Mansfield Park
• Mary Shelley: Frankenstein
Victorian Poets• Alfred, Lord Tennyson: poet laureate
after Wordsworth– Lady of Shalott, Idylls of the King, Ulysses,
Charge of the Light Brigade, In Memoriam
• Robert Browning: dramatic monologues (My Last Duchess)
• Matthew Arnold: also a critic (Dover Beach)
• Thomas Hardy: also a novelist (The Man He Killed, Are You Digging on My Grave?)
• Elizabeth Barrett Browning: Sonnets from the Portuguese
Victorian Novelists• Charles Dickens: serialized novels, extremely popular
(Great Expectations, Christmas Carol, Tale of Two Cities, Oliver Twist)
• William Thackeray: Rival to Dickens (Vanity Fair)• Charlotte Bronte: Wuthering Heights• Emily Bronte: Jane Eyre• Robert Louis Stevenson: Treasure Island, Kidnapped,
Dr. Jeckel and Mr. Hyde• Thomas Hardy: (Three Strangers) Tess of the
D’Urbervilles, Return of the Native, Far from the Madding Crowd
• George Eliot: (Woman) Mill on the Floss, Silas Marner• Rudyard Kipling: Kim, Just So Stories, Jungle Book• W.H. Hudson: How Green Were My Valleys• Joseph Conrad: (The Lagoon) Heart of Darkness, Lord
Jim
Victorian (Other)
• Gilbert and Sullivan: operettas (Pirates of Penzance, HMS Pinafore)
• Lewis Carroll: children’s trippy fantasy/logic fiction (Alice in Wonderland, Through the Looking Glass, The Jabberwocky)
• Oscar Wilde: playwright (Importance of Being Ernest), novelist (Portrait of Dorian Grey), short stories (The Canterville Ghost)
20th Century• George Bernard Shaw: deep comedic plays
(Pygmalion, Man and Superman, Major Barbara)
• George Orwell: dystopian social criticism (1984, Animal Farm)
• Virginia Woolf: Bloomsbury Group: Mrs. Daloway
• E.M. Forster: Passage to India, Room with a View
• James Joyce: Dubliners, Portrait of the Artist as A young Man, Ulysses, Finnegan’s Wake
• Saki: short stories (The Interlopers, Schartz-Metterklume Method)