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Atomic Radius
•Across a Period= DECREASES▫As you add more protons, the attractive
force of the nucleus increases, pulling electrons in more closely
•Down a Group=INCREASES▫As you add more energy levels, the size of
the electron cloud increases
Which of the elements would have the largest radius?
13-Aluminum
14-Silic
on
17-Chlorine
12- Magnesiu
m
16-Sulfu
r
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1. 13-Aluminum2. 14-Silicon3. 17-Chlorine4. 12- Magnesium 5. 16-Sulfur
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ionization Energy
•The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom.▫High I.E. – Harder to lose
electrons▫Low I.E. –Easier to lose
electrons
Ionization Energy
•Across a Period=INCREASES▫Electrons are closer to nucleus, therefore
harder to remove•Down a Group=DECREASES
▫Electrons are farther from the nucleus, therefore easier to remove
Which element would have the lowest ionization energy?
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1. 20- Calcium2. 56- Barium3. 4- Beryllium4. 38- Strontium5. 12-Magnesium
Electron Affinity•The energy released when a neutral atom
acquires an electron.•Elements that really want another
electron tend to release more energy (higher E.A.)
Across a period= INCREASESDown a group= DECREASES
Electronegativity•The ability of an atom to attract electrons•The most electronegative element is
fluorine
Across a Period= INCREASESDown a Group= DECREASES
Which of the elements would have the highest electronegativity?
13-Aluminum
14-Silic
on
17-Chlorine
12- Magnesiu
m
16-Sulfu
r
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1. 13-Aluminum2. 14-Silicon3. 17-Chlorine4. 12- Magnesium 5. 16-Sulfur
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Which of the following would have the larger radius?
17-Chlorine
17-Chlorine Io
...
0%0%
1. 17-Chlorine2. 17-Chlorine Ion
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Which of the following would have the larger radius?
11-Sodium
11-Sodium Io
n
0%0%
1. 11-Sodium2. 11-Sodium Ion
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Which of the following would have the smaller radius?
3-Lith
ium
3-Lith
ium Ion
0%0%
1. 3-Lithium2. 3-Lithium Ion
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
METALS vs NONMETALS• METALLIC CHARACTER• Lower I.E. (tend to lose e-)• Lower E.N. (don’t want e-)• High Luster (shiny!)• Good Conductors• Malleable and Ductile
• MOST METALLIC ELEMENT:
• NONMETALLIC CHARACTER
• High I.E. (don’t want to lose e-)
• High E.N. (tend to gain e-)• Dull (no luster)• Poor Conductors• Brittle as solids
• MOST NONMETALLIC ELEMENT:
Francium Fluorine
Which of the elements would be the least reactive metal?
13-Aluminum
14-Silic
on
17-Chlorine
12- Magnesiu
m
16-Sulfu
r
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1. 13-Aluminum2. 14-Silicon3. 17-Chlorine4. 12- Magnesium 5. 16-Sulfur
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Which of the elements would be the most reactive nonmetal?
13-Aluminum
14-Silic
on
17-Chlorine
12- Magnesiu
m
16-Sulfu
r
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1. 13-Aluminum2. 14-Silicon3. 17-Chlorine4. 12- Magnesium 5. 16-Sulfur
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
37-Rubidium would have all of the following characteristics except?
High
Conductivity
High
Malle
ability
High
Brittleness
Solid
at Room Tempera
ture
1 Valence El
ectron
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1.High Conductivity2.High Malleability3.High Brittleness4.Solid at Room Temperature5.1 Valence Electron
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
35-Bromine would have which one of the following characteristics?
High
Conductivity
High
Malle
ability
High
Brittleness
Solid
at Room Tempera
ture
7 Valence El
ectrons
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1.High Conductivity2.High Malleability3.High Brittleness4.Solid at Room Temperature5.7 Valence Electrons
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30