Periodic Table PropertiesMetals vs. Nonmetals

Electron Configurations Valence Electrons

Metals vs. Nonmetals

AppearanceConductivity

of heat & electricity

State of Matter Other

Metals shiny good tend to be solids

malleable (can be hammered)

ductile (can be drawn into

a wire)

Nonmetals dull poorgases,

solids, and a liquid

brittle

Valence Electrons

• Valence electrons are responsible for an element’s chemical properties.

• Valence electrons - electrons in the outermost energy levels (highest energy levels) that are gained, lost, or shared to form chemical bonds.

Mg 1s22s22p63s2

ValenceElectrons(electrons in the highest energy level)

12Draw this

diagram!

Valence Electrons• Must always be in the s and p orbitals

which means there is a maximum of 8 valence electrons for any element.

• Valence shell - the region of space occupied by the valence electrons

• Core electrons - electrons interior to the valence electrons (lower energy levels)

Determine Valence Electrons

Ti: Br: Ba: S: Pb:

Valence ElectronsElectron Configuration

We will do these in class. Just write this part out!

How many valence electrons do all transition metals have?

Family Valence Electrons

1A 1

2A 2

3A 3

4A 4

5A 5

6A 6

7A 7

8A 8

The 1A-8A naming system indicates the numberof valence electrons in a family!

Transition metals have 2 valence electrons from the s sublevel.

They never make it to the p sublevel of their period.

Dot StructuresValence e- can be represented with dots around the chemical symbol.

Think north, south, east, west. Fill in each direction before doubling up!

F CB7 valence e- 3 valence e- 4 valence e-

Practice Dot StructuresMg

S

Ar

Li

He

We will do these in class. Just write this part out!

Octet Rule• Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share

electrons to have a stable octet and have the same electron configuration as the nearest noble gas!

• Usually that equals 8 valence electrons (unless near helium then it equals 2 valence electrons).

Ionic Charge

• Metals tend to lose electrons and become positively charged to form an octet

• The charged metal is a “cation”

Ionic Charge

• Nonmetals tend to gain electrons and become negatively charged to have a stable octet

• The charged nonmetal is an “anion”

Ionic Charge TrendFamily Ionic Charge Trend

alkali metals +1

alkaline earth metals +2

boron family +3

carbon family (nonmetals) -4

nitrogen family (nonmetals) -3

oxygen family (nonmetals) -2

halogens -1

noble gases no charge