Visit Sci-Enza for a hands-on science experience!Contact: 012 420 3767. E-mail: sci-enza@up.ac.za. Website: www.scienza.up.ac.za

2011 International Year of ChemistryMarie Skłodowska CuriePolish-born French physicist and chemist. (7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934)

Marie Curie was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity and she discovered the elements polonium and radium. She was the first female professor at the University of Paris and the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize. In 1903 she, her husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel jointly received the Nobel prize in Physics. A hundred years ago, in 1911, Marie was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Curium (Cm), synthetic element 96, was named after Marie and Pierre Curie.

Dmitri Ivanovich MendeleevRussian chemist.(8 February 1834 – 2 February 1907) Mendeleev was one of the first to notice that elements showed regular repeating properties if they were listed according to their atomic mass. His ‘periodic table of elements’ is regarded as the backbone of modern chemistry. Mendelevium (Md), element 101, was named after him in 1955.

91.22451.2

[Kr] 4d2 5s2

1Ia

2IIa

13IIIa

15Va

17VlIa

14IVa

16VIa

18VlIIa

2

4.0026

1s2

He

Hel

ium

6C

Car

bon 10

NeNeo

n9

18.9984.1

[He] 2s2 2p5

F

Fluo

rine8

15.9993.5

[He] 2s2 2p4

O

Oxy

gen7

14.0073.1

[He] 2s2 2p3

N

Nitr

ogen3

6.9411.0

[He] 2s1

Li

Lith

ium 4

9.01221.5

[He] 2s2

Be

Ber

ylliu

m

3IIIb

7VIIb

5Vb

9VIIIb

4IVb

6VIb

11Ib

12IIb

8VIIIb

10VIIIb

16S32.066

2.4[Ne] 3s2 3p4

Sulfu

r14Si28.086

1.7[Ne] 3s2 3p2

Silic

on13Al26.982

1.5[Ne] 3s2 3p1

Alu

min

ium 15P

30.9742.1

[Ne] 3s2 3p3Phos

phor

us 18Ar

Arg

on

17

35.4532.8

[Ne] 3s2 3p5

Cl

Chl

orin

e11

22.9901.0

[Ne] 3s1

Na

Sodi

um

12Mg

19

39.0980.9

[Ar] 4s1

K 20

40.0781.0

[Ar] 4s2

Ca

Cal

cium

21

44.9561.2

[Ar] 3d1 4s2

Sc

Scan

dium

22

47.881.3

[Ar] 3d2 4s2

Ti

Tita

nium 23

50.9421.5

[Ar] 3d3 4s2

V

Vana

dium 24

51.9961.6

[Ar] 3d5 4s1

Cr

Chr

omiu

m 25

54.9381.6

[Ar] 3d5 4s2

Mn

Man

gane

se 26

55.8451.6

[Ar] 3d6 4s2

FeIron 27

58.9331.7

[Ar] 3d7 4s2

Co

Cob

alt 28

58.6931.8

[Ar] 3d8 4s2

NiNic

kel 29

63.5461.8

[Ar] 3d10 4s1

Cu

Cop

per 30

65.411.7

[Ar] 3d10 4s2

ZnZinc 35Br34Se

Sele

nium32Ge

72.642.0

[Ar] 3d104s2 4p2G

erm

aniu

m31Ga69.723

1.8[Ar] 3d104s2 4p1

Gal

lium 33As

Ars

enic 36Kr

Kry

pton

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

140.121.1

[Xe] 4f2 6s2

Ce

Cer

ium

140.911.1

[Xe] 4f3 6s2

Pr144.24

1.1[Xe] 4f4 6s2

Nd

Neo

dym

ium

146.921.1

[Xe] 4f5 6s2

Pm

Prom

ethi

um

150.361.1

[Xe] 4f6 6s2

Sm

Sam

ariu

m

151.961.0

[Xe] 4f7 6s2

Eu

Euro

pium

157.251.1

[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2

Gd

Gad

olin

ium

158.931.1

[Xe] 4f9 6s2

Tb

Terb

ium

162.501.1

[Xe] 4f10 6s2

Dy

Dys

pros

ium

164.931.1

[Xe] 4f11 6s2

Ho

Hol

miu

m

167.261.1

[Xe] 4f12 6s2

Er

Erbi

um

168.931.1

[Xe] 4f13 6s2

Tm

Thul

ium

173.041.1

[Xe] 4f14 6s2

Yb

Ytte

rbiu

m

174.971.1

[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2

Lu

Lute

tium

92

238.031.2

[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2

U 93

237.051.2

[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2

Np

Nep

tuni

um

94

244.081.2

[Rn] 5f6 7s2

Pu

Plut

oniu

m 95

244.061.2

[Rn] 5f7 7s2

Am

Am

eric

ium 96

247.071.2

[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2

Cm

Cur

ium 98

251.081.2

[Rn] 5f10 7s2

Cf

Cal

iforn

ium 100

257.101.2

[Rn] 5f12 7s2

Fm

Ferm

ium 102

259

[Rn] 5f14 7s2

No

Nob

eliu

m97

247.071.2

[Rn] 5f9 7s2

Bk

Ber

keliu

m 99

252.081.2

[Rn] 5f11 7s2

Es

Eins

tein

ium 101

258.101.2

[Rn] 5f13 7s2

Md

Men

dele

vium

103

262.11

[Rn] 5f14 6d1 7s2

Lr

Law

renc

ium91

231.041.1

[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2 7s1

Pa

Prot

actin

ium90

232.041.1

[Rn] 6d2 7s2

Thor

ium Th

1

1.00792.2 1s1

H

Hyd

roge

n

Sun and stars

Per

iods

Radiu

m

87

223.020.9

[Rn] 7s1

Fr 88

226.031.0

[Rn] 7s2

Ra 89

227.031.0

[Rn]6d17s2

Ac

Act

iniu

m 104

261.11Rf

105

262.11Db

106

266Sg

Rut

herf

ordi

um

Dub

nium

Seab

orgi

um

107

264Bh

Boh

rium 108

Hs

Has

sium

109

Mt

Mei

tner

ium 110

Ds

Dar

mst

adtiu

m 111

Rg

Roe

ntge

nium

112Cn

Cop

erni

cium

114Uuq

Unu

nqua

dium 116

Uuh

Unu

nhex

ium

Rad

ium 113

Uut

Unu

ntriu

m 115Uup

Unu

npen

tium 117

Uus

Unu

nsep

tium 118

UuoU

nuno

ctiu

m

277 268 271 272

55

132.910.9

[Xe] 6s1

Cs

Cae

sium

56

137.331.0

[Xe] 6s2

Ba

Bar

ium 57

138.911.1

[Xe] 5d1 6s1

La

Lant

hanu

m 72

178.491.2

[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2

Hf

Haf

nium

73

180.951.3

[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2

Ta

Tant

alum

74

183.841.4

[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2

W

Tung

sten 75

186.211.5

[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2

Re 76

190.231.5

[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2

Os

Osm

ium 77

192.221.6

[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2

Ir

Iridi

um

78

195.081.4

[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1

Plat

inum

79

196.971.4

[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1

AuGol

d 80

200.591.5

[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2

Hg

Mer

cury 86

222.02

[Xe] 4f145d106s26p6

Rn

Rad

on82Pb

Lead 207.20

1.6[Xe] 4f145d106s26p2

81Tl204.38

1.4[Xe] 4f145d106s26p1

Thal

lium 83Bi

208.981.7

[Xe]4f145d106s26p3

Bis

mut

h 84Po 85At2102.0

[Xe] 4f145d106s26p5 Polo

nium

Ast

atin

e

37Rb85.468

0.9[Kr] 5s1R

ubid

ium 38Sr

87.621.0

[Kr] 5s2

39Y88.906

1.1[Kr] 4d1 5s2

Yttr

ium 40 41Nb

92.9061.2

[Kr] 4d4 5s1

Nio

bium

42Mo95.94

1.3[Kr] 4d5 5s1

Mol

ybde

num 43Tc

98.9061.4

[Kr] 4d6 5s1

Tech

netiu

m 44Ru

Rut

heni

um

45Rh102.91

1.5[Kr] 4d8 5s1

Rho

dium

46Pd

106.421.4

[Kr] 4d10

47Ag107.87

1.4[Kr] 4d10 5s1

Silv

er 48Cd

112.411.5

[Kr] 4d10 5s2

54XeXeno

n50Sn118.71

1.7[Kr] 4d105s2 5p2

Tin

49In

Indi

um

51SbA

ntim

ony 52Te

127.62.0

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4

53IIodi

ne

Lithium battery

Salt Sparkler

Global navigation Cutting tools Pollution control Mirrors Food cans Ceramics Solar panels

Atomic clocks X-Ray diagnosis Telescope lense Pen points Labware Jewellery StreetlampLow temperature thermometers Car battery Fire sprinklers

Earthquake pre-diction

Laser atom traps

Beverage cansStone, sand

and soil Volcano Swimming pool Light bulbs

Luminous watches

Banana Shells & bones Strong steel Magnets Coins Electric wires Cellphone Poison CopiersPhotography

film Flashlights

Fran

cium

Emeralds

Springs or tools Stainless steel Steel structures

Pota

ssiu

m

Bicycles

Zirc

oniu

m Zr

Mag Lev trains

Radioactive medicine

Fireworks

Stro

ntiu

m

Mobilephones Rocket engines

Rhe

nium

Protein Toothpaste

Balloons

Radioactive Radioactive Radioactive Radioactive Radioactive Radioactive Radioactive Radioactive Radioactive Radioactive Radioactive Radioactive Radioactive Radioactive Radioactive

Brass instruments

Diamond

SODAMatches

39.948

[Ne] 3s2 3p6

74.9222.2

[Ar] 3d104s2 4p3

78.962.5

[Ar] 4d104s2 4p4

79.9042.7

[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5

83.8

[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6

131.29

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6

126.9042.2

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5

101.071.4

[Kr] 4d7 5s1

12.0112.5

[He] 2s2 2p2

Advertising signs

20.18

[He] 2s2 2p6

SALT

114.821.5

[Kr] 4d105s2 5p1

121.761.8

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3

DisinfectantTe

lluriu

mLiquid Crystal

displaysHigh Intensity

lamps

Bro

min

e

Periodic Table of Elements

Electric switches

Spark plugs

Pt

Palla

dium

208.981.8

[Xe] 4f145d106s26p4

Mag

nesi

um

24.3051.2

[Ne] 3s2

Lighter flintsTorchworkers;

eyeglassElectric motor

magnets Luminous dialsElectric motor

magnetsColour

televisions MRI diagnosisFluorescent

lampsSmart material

actuators Laser surgeryArtificial

gemstones Laser surgery DenturesPhotodynamic

medicine

Semiconductor electronics

5B10.811

2.0[He] 2s2 2p1

Bor

on

Headlight reflec-tor

IODINE

Cad

miu

m

Radioactive medicine

Groups

Laboratory glassware

Atomic number - number of protons

Atomic Symbol

Example of how or where it is used

5B10.811

2.0[He] 2s2 2p1

Bor

on

Laboratory glassware

Atomic mass

Electronegativity

Electron configuration

Name

Hydrogen

Alkali Metal Groups

Alkali Earth Groups

Transition metals

Metalloids

Nonmetals

Halogens

Noble gases

Superheavy Elements

Lanthanide Metals

Actinide Metals

Symbols in solid black: Solids at 25oC

Symbols in white with outline: Liquids at 25oCSymbols in white with outline: Gases at 25oC

Radioactive

BrSe

Kr

Gas lamp mantles

Radioactive waste Nuclear power

Radioactive waste

Nuclear weap-ons

Smoke detectors

Mineral analysers

Radioactive waste Pacemaker Radioactive Radioactive Radioactive Radioactive Radioactive

Paint

Flames

Ura

nium

Nuclear submarines Lamp filaments

Lasers

Lanthanide series

Actinide series

1

2

3

5

4

6

7

Hip implants

Pras

eody

miu

m

Anti-static brushes

Radioactive diagnosis

Surgical instruments