periodic table of elements

Metalsmalleable (bendable),

shiny, and good conductors of electricity

aluminumgoldcopper

iron lead

Nonmetalsbrittle (breaks easy), dull, and poor conductors of electricity

Metalloidssimilar properties to both metals

and nonmetals

Families or Groups have:similar properties and behaviors,

located in vertical columns,example-highlighted area

is a family or groupHLi

K

Na

RbCs

Rows or Periods:atomic number increases as move

right ending with a noble gas,every element has same number of core electrons, ex row 2 all have

2 electrons on 1st energy level

LiLi Be B C N O F Ne2

Element

• Element is matter made up only one kind of atom.

• Atoms are so small that it would take 1 million of them lined up in a row to equal the thickness of a human hair.

All atoms consist of:

• Nucleus is the positively charged, central part of the atom.

• Protons are the positively charged particles IN the nucleus.

• Neutrons are the uncharged particles in the nucleus.• Electrons are invisible, negatively charged particles.

Electrons are scattered in the mostly empty space around the nucleus call the Electron Cloud.

Identifying Characteristic of Elements

• Look up the element Chlorine on the Periodic Table of elements. The symbol is CL. The top number 17 is the element’s atomic number. It tells you the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of that element. So every atom of chlorine has 17 protons in its nucleus. What is the number of protons for the elements C ___, Ne __, Pb ___, and U ____.

Isotopes

• Although the number of protons changes form element to element, every atom of the same element has the same number of protons. However, the number of neutrons can vary for on element. For example Chlorine atoms have 18 neutrons in their nucleus while others have 20. They are called Isotopes – atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. For example two types of chlorine atoms are chlorine-35 and chlorine-37

Atomic Mass

• An atom’s mass number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons it contains.

• The atomic mass is the weighted average mass of the isotopes of an element. The atomic mass is the number found below the element symbol.

Electrons

• To find the number of electrons on the periodic table look at the atomic number. Atoms have the equal amounts of protons and electrons, therefore the atomic number is both the number of protons and electrons.

Neutrons

• To find the number of neutrons of an element on the Periodic Table you take the atomic mass and round it (if needed greater than >.5) and subtract the atomic number. For example look at Calcium on the Periodic Table. The atomic mass is 40.08 and the Atomic number is 20. So you would subtract 20 from 40.

40 (atomic mass rounded)

- 20 (atomic number)

20 neutrons

Noble Gases:inert -meaning they don’t

combine with other elements because their outer electron

level is filled;last family see highlighted

HeNeAr

KrXeRn

Valence: number of electrons

in outer shell (cloud level)12 3 4 5 6 7

8

Periodic Table Review Quiz

Directions:

Read the following questions. Answer the questions on your own paper in a complete sentence.

For Example:Hydrogen’s atomic number is 1. How many protons does it have?

Hydrogen has 1 proton.

Question # 11. Find the element Calcium (Family 2,

Period 4) on your periodic table. How many electrons does it have?

Answer:Calcium has _____________ electrons.

Question # 22. Sulfur has an atomic # of 16 and an

atomic mass of 32. How many protons does it have?

Answer:Sulfur has ____________ protons.

Question # 33. Find Potassium (Family 1, Period 4)

on your periodic table. How many neutrons does it have?

Answer:Potassium has __________ neutrons.

Question # 44. Based on the number of protons in the four

elements below, which of the following elements is a metal?

25 54

14 8

Answer:_________________ is a metal.

Question # 55. Based on the atomic number of the following

elements, which one is a Noble Gas?20 18

33 6Answer:_____________ is a Noble Gas.

Question # 66. Which drawing represents a BORON atom?

Drawing A Drawing B6 Protons 5 Protons

6 Neutrons 6 Neutrons

6 Electrons 5 Electrons

Answer:____________ represents a Boron atom.

Question # 77. This element contains 10 protons.

Which element is it?

Answer:______________ contains 10 protons.

Question # 88. Fluorine has an atomic number of

9. How many protons does it have?

Answer:Fluorine has __________ protons.

Question # 99. Based on these atomic numbers below, which

of the following is a nonmetal?24 47

17 19

Answer:____________ is a nonmetal.

Question # 1010.Based on the diagram below, which letter

represents neutrons?

DA

B C

Answer:____ represents neutrons.

Answers1. Calcium has 20 electrons.2. Sulfur has 16 protons.3. Potassium has 20 neutrons.4. Manganese (at. # = 25) is a metal.5. Argon (at. # = 18) is a noble gas.6. Boron is answer choice B.7. Neon contains 10 protons.8. Fluorine has 9 protons.9. Chlorine (at. # 17) is a nonmetal.10.Answer choice C represents

neutrons.