PERIODIC TABLE

BELL WORKNAME #_______DATE_______ ____________ BLOCK #___

1. A test of a hypothesis under conditions established by a scientist is called a_____. SOL 6.1

2. A ___ is a guide used to identify things based on similarities in characteristic. SOL 6.1

3. Explaining or interpreting the things you observe based on reasoning from what you already know is called ___. 6.1

4. What type of measurement would be done using a triple beam balance?6.1

5. Categorical data and ____ data can be displayed on graphs? 6.1 A. population B. numerical C. climate

TABLE OF CONTENTS – CONTINUED ON SAME PAGE Unit 2

26 displaying data 27 SOL 6.4

28 Brain Pop Questions 29 MATTER

30 Elements 31 METAL & NONMETAL

32 Periodic table 33 PARTS OF AN ATOM

34 Electron configuration 35 Bohr’s Model

36 Molecules and changes 37 chemical formula

38 Bonds 39 Ionic vs. covalent bond

40 VESPR Model 41 Elem. In Earth

42 Elem. In atmosphere 43 Elem. In ocean

44 Elem. In body 45 Elem. In nature

SOL 6.4 The student will investigate and understand that all matter is made up of atoms. Key concepts include:

a) atoms consist of particles, including electrons, protons, and neutrons;

b) atoms of a particular element are alike but are different from atoms of other elements;

c) elements may be represented by chemical symbols;

d) two or more atoms interact to form new substances, which are held together by electrical forces (bonds);

e) compounds may be represented by chemical formulas;

f) chemical equations can be used to model chemical changes; and

g) a limited number of elements comprise the largest portion of the solid Earth, living matter, the oceans, and the atmosphere.

SOL 6.4 : MATTER AND ATOMS 27

28 BRAIN BOP PERIODIC TABLE

1. What is the smallest unit of an element that has properties of that element?• atoms

2. What is in an atom’s nucleus?• Protons and neutrons

3. What determines an atom’s properties?• Number of protons, electrons, and neutrons

4. How are elements listed on the periodic table?• Atomic number or number of protons

5. How many electron shells can be on atoms in period 2?• 2 shells

6. Which grouping on the periodic table has the largest number of elements in it?• Transition metals

MATTER 29

1. Matter Is anything that has mass and takes up space

2. Elements cannot be chemically broken down into other substances, they are the smallest unit an atom

3. Physical Properties appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility(ability to be dissolved) , polarity

(Positive or Negative charge)4. Mixture two or more different substances which are

mixed, but are not combined chemically. You can normally still see

each of the original items.  Ex. Sand and water, trail mix5. Compound is a substance formed when two or

more chemical elements are chemically bonded together.

1. Atomic Number represents the number of protons each atom of the

element contains. It defines the element, other parts can change in

number and still keep the same name.

2. Atomic Mass represents the average atomic mass of the element. It is equal to the number of

protons. It is also equal to the number of neutrons.

3. Atomic Symbol an abbreviation for the element’s name using 1-3 letters. It always begins with an

upper case letter

30 ELEMENTS ON THE PERIODIC TABLE

METALS & NON-METALS: 31• Metals include the areas shaded light green and include the

families 1A & 2A.  They share many characteristics.• luster (shine),good conductors of heat and electricity,

typically solid at room temperature, most are malleable and ductile

• Non-metals are shaded light red in most periodic tables and form a diagonal from C-6 to Rn-86 and include all the elements of that corner including H. They share some of these characteristics: do not possess luster, poor conductors of heat and electricity, neither malleable or ductile, many are gasses at room temperature, can be solid, semisolid, gas, or liquid

(Br).  One is the hardest material on Earth

• Semimetals are shaded light purple in most periodic tables form a diagonal

• or metalloids from B-5 to At-85 and include all the elements Ge-32 and Sb- 51.   They share some of these characteristics.

• have some properties of metals and some of non-metals

32 LABEL THE PERIODIC TABLE

PARTS OF AN ATOM 33a)Positive electrical charge

b)Found in nucleus of an atom

c)Atomic Number1)Is the same as the number of protons in an atom2)Number of PROTONS determines what kind of atom it is

a) Negative electrical charge

b) Smaller than neutrons and protons

c) Is found in the electron cloud3)Surrounds the nucleus – in the shells and valence orbital4)They are most of the atom’s volume

d)No electrical charge

e)Is found in the nucleus of an atom

f)M.A.N.: Mass - Atomic number = Number of Neutrons

Found in the middle of an atom and contains protons and neutrons. It is MOST of the atom’s MASS.

1.Protons

2.Electrons

3.Neutrons

4.Nucleus

34 ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

1. number of protons in an atom is equal to the number of electrons in the atom if it is neutral.  The periodic table allows you to predict the bonding of an atom by allowing you to see the number of electrons in the valence orbital. 

2. valence orbital is the highest, outermost orbital of the atom and is the only one involved in the bonding of the atom. 

3. Here are some hints for predicting valence electrons:• Elements of the same group (column) have the same valence

electrons or configuration• These are the representative elements or main group

elements

BOHR’S MODEL OF CARBON 35

CLASSWORK: USE NOTEBOOK PAGE 32DRAW BOHR’S MODELS FOR THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS AND TURN IN FOR A GRADE:

1)Aluminum2)Silicon3)Oxygen4)Iron

11.A ___ ___ is a visual representation of something that maintains relative values of size and number. SOL 6.1

12. Which type of bias depends on where and how you grew up? 6.1

13.This type of element has some characteristic of metals and non-metals, it is a ____ . SOL 6.4

14. ___ are found in the nucleus of an atom and has a positive charge. SOL 6.4

15. The ___ orbital is the outer most ring/shell of electrons on an atom. SOL 6.4

BELL WORKNAME #_______DATE_______ ____________ BLOCK #___

36 MOLECULE & TYPES OF CHANGES

a) consisting of two or more like atoms in an element OR it can be two or more different atoms in a compound.

b) Acts as ONE1) Examples:

i. O 2 = two Oxygen atoms

ii. O 3 = Ozone = three Oxygen atoms

iii. H 2 O = Water = two hydrogen's and one oxygen

rearranges molecules but doesn't affect their internal structures. Some examples of physical change are: whipping egg whites, magnetizing a compass needle, boiling water, dissolving sugar in water (sugar molecules are dispersed, but the individual sugar molecules are unchanged.), dicing potatoes

is any change that results in the formation of new chemical substances. At the molecular level, chemical change involves making or breaking of bonds between atoms. These changes are chemical: iron rusting (iron oxide forms), gasoline burning, eggs cooking, bread rising, milk souring, sun tanning

1. Molecules

2. Physical change

3. Chemical change

CHEMICAL FORMULA 37

Tells the number and kinds of atoms that comprise a molecule

1. Chemical Formula

tells how many atoms of am element atom in a molecule or formula, when there is NO subscript there is ONLY ONE atom. It is the small number by the Element’s symbol. Water Sodium Chloride Calcium

Carbonate

2

Hydro

gens

1 O

xygen

1 S

odiu

m

1 C

hlo

rine

1 C

alc

ium

1 C

arb

on

3 O

xygen

38 BONDSthe outermost electrons that are available to be lost, gained, or shared to form a chemical bond

Wants to be full of electrons to be stable

mutual electrical attraction (force) between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that bind the atoms together

1. Valence electrons

2. Valence Shell

3. Chemical Bonds

A type of bond in which a METAL and a NONMETAL transfer electrons

Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

A type of bond in which 2 or more NONMETAL atoms SHARE electrons

ELEMENTS SHADED RED WILL 39 SHARE ELECTRONS WHEN BONDED

Ionic bond = Metal + NonmetalCovalent bond = Nonmetal + Nonmetal

Refer to Periodic Table on Notebook page 32

CLASSWORK: ON LOOSE LEAF PAPER TO TURN IN. USE NOTEBOOK PAGE 32.

• Draw the Bohr’s Models then write out the formulas for each:

1. .

2. .

3. .

4. .

CLASSWORK• Draw the Bohr’s Models

then write out the formulas for each:

1. .

H2

2. .

O2

3. C H 4

4. . H2O

1.What is the atomic mass of Oxygen? (SOL 6.4)2.How many electron does one atom of Sodium (Na)

have? (SOL 6.4)3.What is the atomic number of Argon (Ar)? (SOL 6.4)4.What is the atomic mass of Carbon? (SOL 6.4)5.A ___ ___ tells what is seen without trying to explain

why it is that way. 6.1

BELL WORK: USE NOTEBOOK PAGE 32NAME #_______DATE_______ ____________ BLOCK #___

• "Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) is a model used to predict the shape of individual molecules based upon the extent of electron-pair electrostatic repulsion."

40 VSEPR MODEL SHAPES

1.The periodic table organizes elements according to ____ ____.

2.What make the atoms of one element different from the other atoms of another element?

Use page 32 in you notebook to answer the following:3.How many protons are in one atom of Germanium

(Ge)?4.What is the rounded atomic mass of Zinc (Zn)?5.What is the atomic number for Neon (Ne)?

BELL WORKNAME #_______MARCH 10, 2015_______ ____________ BLOCK #___

1.Anything that has mass and takes up space is__.2.What are elements that are chemically combined

called?3.True or False: elements cannot be broken down

chemically into other substances.4.Slicing a banana is what kind of change?5.True or False: Mixtures can never be separated into

the original substances.

6.How many atoms are in NH3?

7.What is in the valence shell of an atom?

BELL WORKNAME #_______MARCH 11, 2015_______ ____________ BLOCK #___

PHET CHEMISTRY GAMES

• http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/balancing-chemical-equations/latest/balancing-chemical-equations_en.html

CLASSWORK

•Read textbook 132-139•On your paper: •Draw and fill in the models on page 135•Write & Answer questions page 135•Complete the equations on page 137

1. A Dichotomous key is used for:

a. classify items b. measure items c. test items

2. What is an explanation based on observations and background knowledge?

a. experiment b. prediction c. inference

3. Which graph consists of plot point joined together?

a. pie graph b. line graph c. bar graph

BELL WORKNAME #_______MARCH 12, 2015_______ ____________ BLOCK #___

ELEMENTS IN THE EARTH’S CRUST 41ELEMENTS IN EARTHS CRUST

Oxygen 46.1%

Silicon 28.2%

Aluminum 8.23%

Iron 5.63%

Calcium 4.15%

Sodium 2.36%

Magnesium 2.33%

Titanium 0.565%

Hydrogen 0.14%

42 ELEMENTS IN THE ATMOSPHERE

Elements in the Atmosphere

Nitrogen 78%

Oxygen 21%

Argon 0.9%

Carbon Dioxide, Neon, Methane, Helium, Krypton, Hydrogen, Xenon 0.1%

43 ELEMENTS IN

OCEAN WATER

Elements in Ocean WaterOxygen 85.84%

Hydrogen 10.82%

Chlorine 1.94%

Sodium 1.08%

Magnesium 0.1292%

Sulfur 0.091%

Calcium 0.04%

Potassium 0.04%

Bromine 0.0067%

Carbon 0.0028%

High levels: Oxygen and Hydrogen = water H20

Chlorine and sodium = salt NaCl

ELEMENTS 44

IN THE HUMAN

BODY

Elements in the Body

Oxygen 65%

Carbon 18%

Hydrogen 10%

Nitrogen 3%

Calcium 1.5%

Phosphorus 1%

Sulphur 0.25%

Magnesium 0.05%

Sodium 0.15%

Fluorine, Chlorine, Maganese, Iron, Cobalt, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Iodine 1.5%

45 COMMON ELEMENTS IN NATURE

• Fill in the worksheet using your notes from today.

• Write in the names of the elements

• Check off what parts of nature they are found in.

1.What is an example of a physical change?2.What is an example of a chemical change?3.A bowl of milk and cereal is an example of a

(compound or a mixture)?4.What is in the nucleus of an atom?5.How many atoms are in the following compound?

CH4

BELL WORKNAME #_______MARCH 13, 2015_______ ____________ BLOCK #___

• Review for test

1.A substance that cannot be broken down into a smaller substance in an. . .

2.What makes an atom of one element different from the atoms of another element?

3.What is a the core of an atom?4.Draw and label the parts of a helium atom.

BELL WORKNAME #_______MARCH 16, 2015_______ ____________ BLOCK #___

• Test day