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period 8 1
Chenezza Graham- A+ Networking
Your Logo Here
-Flash Memory, Thumb Drive-Flash Card, Compact Flash
-Smart Media, Secure digital-Memory Stick
-XD
-Flash Memory, Thumb Drive-Flash Card, Compact Flash
-Smart Media, Secure digital-Memory Stick
-XD
c
period 8 2
Flash Memory
Invented by Dr.Fujio Masuoka, working for Toshiba in 1984
Flash memory : Does not need power to maintain the
information stored in the chip. Offers fast read and better kinetic
shock resistance than that of a hard disk.
Enormously durable, Can withstand intense pressure Can handle extreme changes in
temperature and immersion in water.
period 8 3
Flash Memory
How it works:
Flash programming occurs when electrons are placed on the floating gate. The charge is stored on the floating gate, with the oxide layer allowing the cell to be electrically erased through the source.
It is a solid state storage device, meaning that it is electronic, instead of mechanical
period 8 4
Examples of Flash Memory
Your computer's BIOS chip
Compact Flash (most often found in digital cameras)
Smart Media (most often found in digital cameras)
Memory Stick (most often found in digital cameras)
PCMCIA Type I and Type II memory cards (used as solid-state disks in laptops)
Memory cards for video game consoles
period 8 5
Thumb Drive
As known as USB drive,worked on since 1998 by IBM, it was first sold by Trek in early 2000.
IT IS: A solution for replacing the less stable
floppy disks The size of a human thumb it, is
portable memory storage. It is re-written and holds its memory without the use of a power supply , unlike RAM.
It can plug the drive into a computer and will not have to restart it .
period 8 6
Thumb Drive
Problem: Security threat, as they are
easily concealed proprietary information can
be copied to them Software for hacking
information can be uploaded from them, all undetected
period 8 7
Solution:
System administrators can also upload anti-virus software to an infected computer from a thumb drive
Their write speeds and read speeds only really come into play when users are running large applications from them.
Most thumb drives also have millions of re-write cycles and will store data for ten years before they need replacing
period 8 8
Flash Card First specified and produced by Scan
Disk in 1994. It is: A small module that contains flash
memory Larger than other flash formats, they
have become very popular for storage in digital cameras.
Appearing to the camera as a hard disk, Compact Flash uses the PC Card/ATA interface, but with 50 pins instead of 68
period 8 9
Compact Flash Continued Weigh a half ounce and are
the size of a matchbook. Ideal for a range of current
and next-generation, small-form factor consumer applications.
The physical format is now used for a variety of devices.
period 8 10
Capacities and compatibility As of 2007, Compact Flash cards
are generally available in capacities from about 512 MB to about 64 GB, with perhaps the most popular choices in Europe and North America being between 512 MB and 8 GB. Lower capacity cards, below 512 MB, are becoming rare in stores as higher capacity cards are readily
period 8 11
Smart Media
Launched in the summer of 1995 to compete with Mini Card, Compact Flash, and PC card formats.
Consists of a single NAND flash chip embedded in a thin plastic card (though some higher capacity cards contain multiple, linked chips).
It was one of the smallest and the thinnest (0.76 mm) of the early memory cards, and managed to maintain a favorable cost ratio as compared to the others.
period 8 12
Specifications
Weight: 2 g Size: 45.0 × 37.0 × 0.76 mm Capacities: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128
MB Uses 16-M bit, 32-M bit, and 64-M
bit Toshiba TC58-compatible NAND-type flash memory chips
Flat electrode terminal with 22 pins — (32M & 64M compatible)
8-bit I?/O Interface (16-bit in some cases)
period 8 13
Continued
Data transfer rate: 2MB/s 1,000,000 read/write cycles Ten year storage time without
power Metallic write-protect sticker Compatible with PCMIA with an
adapter Compatible with Compact Flash
Type II with an adapter Compatible 3.5" Floppy drive using
Flash Path adapter
period 8 14
Secure Digital
A tiny memory card used to make storage portable among various devices
Examples: Car navigation systems Cellular phones E-Books PDAs Smart phones, digital cameras,
music players, camcorders, and personal computers
period 8 15
Secure Digital Continued It uses flash memory to provide
nonvolatile storage, which means that a power source is not required to retain stored data, as stated previously
SD cards are more rugged than traditional storage media. They have an operating shock rating of 2,000 Gs, compared to a 100-200 G rating for the mechanical drive of the typical portable computing device. SD cards use metal connector contacts, instead of the traditional pins-and-plugs, so they aren't as prone to damage during handling.
period 8 16
More SD Information Secure Digital cards are used as
storage in these devices: Digital camera for storing pictures Cell phone for storing images, sound
clips and other media files Nintendo's Wii console for storing
multimedia and game save files. Global Positioning System receivers, for
storing map and waypoint data, digital photos and audio.
PS3 for storing multimedia and game save files.
period 8 17
Memory Stick
Used as storage media for a portable device, in a form that can easily be removed for access by a personal computer
With a Memory Stick-capable reader, a user can copy the pictures taken with the Sony digital camera onto the computer.
period 8 18
Memory Stick Continued Compared to other IC (integrated
circuit) media, Memory Stick digital data storage is smaller in size than compact flash and smart media. It is highly reliable with a 10-pin connector, and an Erasure Prevention Switch that when set on "Lock" virtually eliminates the risk of accidentally erasing or recording over stored data. The Memory Stick format is designed to be expanded in the future to incorporate digital copyright protection.
period 8 19
Memory Stick Uses
Digital cameras, Digital music players, PDA’s, cellular phones, The PSP, In other devices, and the
Sony VAIO line of personal computers also include Memory Stick slots.
period 8 20
XD
A type of flash memory card, used mainly in digital cards. XD originally stood for extreme Digital
The cards were developed by Olympus and Fujifilm and introduced into the market in July 2002.
period 8 21
Disadvantages
XD cards are much slower than their main competitor, Secure Digital (SD
Although XD cards are physically smaller than Secure Digital (SD) cards, they are larger than its reduced-size variants, mini SD and micro SD cards.
XD cards are generally more expensive than cards of other formats.
period 8 22
Advantages
XD cards are fast in comparison with older formats such as Smart Media (SM), Multi Media Card (MMC), and Memory Stick (MS).
XD cards have a small form-factor in comparison with other formats (although both Micro SD and Memory Stick M2 are smaller).
XD cards have a low power consumption.
period 8 23
Card Reader
Used for communication with a smart card or a flash memory card
Allows to use Palm-powered handheld’s as an ordinary USB or Blue tooth card reader for quick and easy file exchange. It has the unique ability to export the card in the background mode allowing you e.g. to transfer MP3s simultaneously with web browsing.
period 8 24
Card Reader
Some have a flash upgradeable firmware. The card reader supplies the integrated circuit on the smart card with electricity. Communication is done via protocols and you can read and write to a fixed address on the card.
period 8 25
Card Reader Protocol T=0, Asynchronous half-duplex
byte-level transmission protocol. T=1, Asynchronous half-duplex
block-level transmission protocol. T=2, Reserved for future full-
duplex operations. T=3, Reserved for future full-
duplex operations. T=CL, APDU transmission via non
contact interface ISO14443.
period 8 26
Availability
All of these items can be bought at computer appliance stores and over the internet