Period 71890-1945

The Transformation of Politics in America

Madeline ReichertAPUSH ReviewMrs. Koehler 3rd Period

7.1 Governmental, political and social organizations struggled to address the effect of large scale industrialization, economic uncertainty, and related social changes such as urbanization and mass migration

7.2 A revolution in communications and transportation technology helped to create a new mass culture and spread “modern” values and ideas, even as cultural conflicts between groups increased under the pressure of migration, world wars and economic distress.

7.3 Global Conflicts over resources, territories and ideologies renewed debates over the nation’s values and its role in the world, while simultaneously propelling the United states into a dominant international military, political, cultural and economic position.

Key Concepts

● The Progressive Era○ Progressive Movement

● Foreign Policy and World War I○ World War I Aftermath

● The Jazz Age and the Great Depression

● Modern Culture○ Backlash against

Modern Culture

Key Eras & Events:

● The Great Depression○ Herbert Hoover○ Reasons/Causes of the

Depression● The New Deal + Roosevelt

○ First New Deal○ Second New Deal

● World War II○ Foreign Policy

Background Information:●The Populists’ successes in local and national elections brought others to seek change through political action. (These would be incorporated into the Progressive mindsets)●Progressive’s came to dominate in the first two decades of the twentieth-century

o Progressives were urban, middle class reformers who wanted to increase the role of government in reform while maintaining a capitalist economy

●The Progressive Era is a turning point in American history because it marks the ever-increasing involvement of the federal government in our daily lives

The Progressive Movement

● Some reasons that the Progressive movement prospered over the Populist movement, was that the Progressive movement did not intensify regional and class differences, its issues started with more economic and political clout, and progressives were more urban, middle class.

● The roots of Progressivism were in the association and organizations. Most were educated and middle class.

● Many faced corruption during this era, and muckrakers exposed this corruption. o Big business corruption, political corruption

● Progressives achieved great success on the local and national levels. o Nineteenth Amendment, NAACP, etc.

The Progressive Movement

● In response to the still-sizable opposition to U.S. involvement in the war, Congress passed the Espionage Act and Sedition Act in 1917 and 1918

● Americans also feared a communist takeover after the Russian Revolution in 1917. o Palmer Raids

● Committee on Public Information (CPI) --> gov’t helped created a frenzied atmosphere through wartime propaganda o Presented more opportunities for women as well

● American participation in the war tipped the balance in the Allies’ favor, and two years after America's’ entry, the Germans were ready to negotiate a peace treaty.

Foreign Policy and World War I

● Wilson’s 14 pointso Wilson’s plan for world peace delivered to Congress that called for

free trade, reduction of arms supplies, and the promotion of self-determinations

● 14 Points led to the creation of the League of nations ( a mechanism for international cooperations much like the United Nations)

● Treaty of Versaille--> Germany was forced to cede German and colonial territories to the Allies, to disarm, to pay huge reparations, and to admit total fault for the war, despite other nations’ roles in starting it. o The United States was not a signatory of the Treaty of Versailles, nor

did it ever join the League of Nations

Foreign Policy and World War I

● Causes of the Great Depression: triggered by the stock market crash, farming over production, uncontrolled credit buying, etc.

● After World War I the American economy dipped but then started to grow rapidly.

● By 1922 america was hitting new peaks of prosperityo The invention of electrical motor started an economic boom

Computers, electric motors for driving, households,and the workplace

● With the new prosperity, other industries arose to serve the growing middle class in its search for the rappings of affluence

The Great Depression

● The New Deal was a bunch of major reforms that Roosevelt implementedo “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself-nameless, unreasoning,

unjustified fear.” -Roosevelt ● Roosevelt also sought to reestablish Americans attitude through its

banking systemo Emergency Banking Relief Bill & Banking Act of 1933

● Roosevelt sought to provide relief for the rural pooro “Alphabet Agencies”

● Many of Roosevelt’s policies were established during his Hundred Days (First and Second)

New Deal

* Foreign Policy: Aimed primarily at promoting and maintain peace, it can be describes as “independent internationalism” rather than “isolationism”● Remember the Good Neighbor Policy toward Latin America●The US achieved its foreign policy objectives mainly through economic coercion and support of pro-American leaders● It became increasingly difficult to describe U.S. foreign policy as isolationist by the 1940s. In 1942 Roosevelt put out the Lend-Lease Act which permitted the United States to “lend” armaments to England who didn’t have money for the tools of war●There was also Japanese aggression that led the US to cut off trade to Japan--> Pearl Harbor--> U.S. enters the war

World War II

● Complicated military strategy and the outcome of key battles played a big part in World War II

● The first meeting of the “big three” (Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin) took place in Tehran (November, 1943)o Planned D-Day, the Normandy invasion and agreed to divided Germany

into occupation zones after the war● The Allies eventually won the war, and the Americans accelerated victory in

the East through dropping atomic bombs● World War II affected almost every aspect of daily left at home and abroad.

It created new opportunities and tensions within societyo Rosie the Riveter was a popular image to symbolize the women who

worked in war-related jobs during the war.

World War II