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Narcissism’s Impact on Performance Under Pressure
Michelle LanierChristian Tovar-Vargas Team
Wallace
Characteristics of Narcissism
• Grandiose sense of self-worth and self-
admiration (Campbell, 2007)
• Consider themselves superior and
have high confidence (Campbell, Goodie, &
Foster, 2004)
• Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Raskin & Terry, 1979)
• Narcissism is correlated with
• Approach Motivation
• Avoidance Motivation
Past Studies
• Narcissism and performance patterns under pressure
• Past studies have shown different results:
•Wallace, Carey & Hitti, 2011 – Narcissists overshoot
•Wallace, Ottoson, & Byrne, 2013 – Narcissists undershoot
Present Study Differences
•Penalty for overshooting
•Insight into participants strategy
•Risk/reward paradigm
Methods1. Line Bisection and Intro Survey
○ NPI and other personality measures
2. Non-Pressure Round○ Task Introduced○ Pre performance questions○ Task performed○ Post performance questions
3. Pressure Round○ Task Introduced○ Pre performance questions○ Task performed○ Line bisection and post performance questions
-5
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Participants
• N = 79 (46 Female)
• Ages 18-21
• 69 right-handed, 8 left-handed, 2 ambidextrous
• 11 Asian or Pacific Islander, 2 Black not of Hispanic origin, 18
Hispanic, 43 White, not of Hispanic origin, 5 Other
Manipulation Check• “I feel performance pressure”
• Rating on 5-point scale (1: Strongly Disagree, 3: Neither
Agree/Disagree, 5: Strongly Agree)
Main effect of condition was significant, F(1, 77) = 34.570, p> .001
Non pressure condi-tion
Pressure condition 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Low NPI ScoreHigh NPI Score
Ave
rage
Rati
ng
Narcissist’s Confidence
•“In general, I am good at performing under pressure” correlated
with NPI scores, r = . 264, p = .019
•“ I expect to perform better than (%) of past participants”
Non Pressure Condition
Pressure Condition
0204060
Low NPI ScoreHigh NPI Score
Perc
enta
ge
Main effect of condition was significant, F(1, 77) = 56.848, p > .000Main effect of NPI Score was significant, F(1, 77) = 8.376, p = .005
Narcissist's risk tendencies
•“What target zone do you plan to aim for?”
Main effect of condition was significant F(1, 77) = 25.927 p> .001
Non Pressure Condition
Pressure Condition
6.87
7.27.47.67.8
88.28.4
Low NPI Scores High NPI Scores
Mea
n Ta
rget
Zon
e
Overshooting Tendencies
Non Pressure Condition Pressure Condition0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
Low NPI ScoreHigh NPI Score
Prop
ortio
n of
Sho
ts o
vers
hot o
f tot
al
Average Performance
Non pressure Condi-tion
Pressure condition 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
Low NPI ScoreHigh NPI Score
Aver
age
Scor
e (o
ut o
f 10)
“I think I performed better than (%) of participants”
•After slider game/test
Non Pressure Condition
Pressure Condition
0
10
20
30
40
50
Low NPI Scores High NPI Scores
Perc
enta
ge R
ating
Interaction between condition and NPI Score F(1, 76) = 5.065, p = .027
Implications
• In general, pressure causes performance to suffer
• Narcissism linked with confidence
• Narcissists view themselves as better under pressure even
when they have nothing to base this on
• Narcissists tend to overshoot more