Performance Analysis of 2.3 GHz Microstrip Square …ijrmst.org/download/vol1-no2/yogesh-kumar-gupta.pdfPerformance Analysis of 2.3 GHz Microstrip Square Antenna Using ADS Yogesh Kumar

International Journal of Research in Management, Science & Technology (E-ISSN: 2321-3264) Vol. 1; No. 2, December 2013

Available at www.ijrmst.org

2321-3264/Copyright©2013, IJRMST, December 2013 116

Performance Analysis of 2.3 GHz

Microstrip Square Antenna Using ADS

Yogesh Kumar Gupta1, R. L. Yadava

2, R. K. Yadav

3

Research Scholar, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan1, India

Galgotia College of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida2, India

JRE Group of Institution, Greater Noida3,

India

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This paper describes the design and

analysis of a microstrip square patch antenna to be

operated at 2.31 GHz. The proposed antenna is

designed using electromagnetism simulation

software ADS-2008. Simulated result shows that

7.384 dB gain can be achieved at frequency 2.31

GHz. Also, the return loss is -17.068 dB and VSWR

is 1.328 at design frequency. The impedance

bandwidth is found to be 41 MHz. The current

distribution, 3D radiation pattern, 2D cut out

radiation pattern in phi- plane has also been

estimated. The antenna can be successfully used to

capture electromagnetic energy from the RF

signals that have been radiated by communication

and WI-FI system around 2.4GHz.

Keywords–Microstrip antenna, return loss

bandwidth and Wi-Fi Systems.

I. INTRODUCTION

A conventional microstrip antennas consist of a pair

of parallel conducting layers separating a dielectric

medium, referred as substrate. In this configuration,

the upper conducting layer or “patch” is the source

of radiation where electromagnetic energy fringes

off the edges of the patch and into the substrate. The

lower conducting layer acts as a perfectly reflecting

ground plane, bouncing energy back through the

substrate and into free space. Physically, the patch is

a thin conductor that is an appreciable fraction of a

wavelength in extent. However, conventional shapes

are normally used to simplify analysis and

performance prediction. The radiating elements and

the feed lines are usually photo etched on the

dielectric substrate. A single patch antenna however

does not sufficient to increase the power level. So an

antenna is essential for increasing the power label.

[1]. The rapid progress in wireless communications

requires the development of lightweight, low profile,

flush-mounted and single-feed antennas [2]. Also, it

is highly desirable to integrate several RF modules

for different frequency into one piece of equipment.

Hence, multi-band antennas that can be used

simultaneously in different standards have been in

the focus points of many research projects [3-4].

A large number of microstrip patches to be used in

wireless applications have been developed [5-6].

Various shapes such as square, rectangle, ring, disc,

triangle, elliptic, etc. have been introduced

[7-9].Various types of polarization techniques can be

used to get the desired frequency range [10]. In

comparison to patch elements, the antennas with slot

configurations demonstrate enhanced characteristics,

including wider bandwidth, less conductor loss and

better isolation [11]. Particularly, the multi-slot

structure is a versatile approach for multi-band and

broadband design. Design is tested and the results

are simulated by using commercial software ADS

and find out the optimum place to get the best

performance on the return loss. In this the

momentum simulation method in ADS2008 has been

used for designing of antenna. Momentum is best on

the numerical discretization techniques is called the

method of moments. This technique is used to solve

the Maxwell’s electromagnetic equation for planer

structure in a multi-layered dielectric. The

bandwidth of the patch is defined as the frequency

range over which it is matched with that of the

feed line within specified limits. In other words,

the frequency range over which the antenna will

perform satisfactorily. This means the channels

have larger usable frequency range and thus results

in increased transmission. The bandwidth of an

antenna is usually defined by the acceptable

standing wave ratio (SWR) value over the

concerned frequency range. Out o f various

s hapes ; rectangle, ring, disc, triangle, elliptic, the

square is one most commonly used patch antenna,

which have many advantages than other patch

antennas.

Therefore in this paper the design and analysis of a

microstrip square patch antenna to be operated at




2.31 GHz describes. The proposed antenna is

designed using electromagnetism simulation

software ADS-2008. The details of the study have

been given in the following sections.

II. ANTENNA DESIGN

The selection of substrate depends on the type of

circuit, operating frequency of operation and the amount of dissipation from the circuit. The

properties of substrate materials should be high

dielectric constant, low dissipation factor, high purity high resistivity, high stability, surface

smoothness and thermal conductivity. However the

dielectric material used in the design of the microstrip patch antenna is RT-Duroid with

εr = 2.33.

The microstrip line feeding is given to the point where input resistance is approximately 50 ohms.

The main advantage of this type of feeding scheme is

that the feed can be placed at any desired location inside the patch in order to match with its input

impedance. This feed method is easy to fabricate and

has low spurious radiation.The size of the antenna is depend on the dielectric constant. The bandwidth is

directly proportional to the substrate thickness or

height and directly proportional to the εr the conductor and dielectric loss is more important for

thinner substrate and conductor loss increase with

the frequency due to skin effect. The proposed

antenna has been designed using the following expressions [13]

Where

and

Where,

c- Velocity of light

-resonant frequency

-extension of length

-height of patch

εe-

εr- dielectric constant

-width of patch antenna

III. DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS

The proposed square patch antenna has been designed using following specifications:

Name of Substrate metal = RT-Duroid

Dielectric substrate εr = 2.33

Velocity of light = 3x108 m/s

Loss tangent = 0.0018

Operating frequency (f) =2.31 GHz

Conductivity = 5.8 x 107

(copper)

Height of substrate (h) = 3.9 mm

Dimensions of square patch are 39.8 mm and

dimension of feed point which has two shapes one is

rectangular shape of size 32.4 mm and 2.5 mm and

another square at feed has the size of 5 mm. The

geometry of square patch antenna is shown in Figure

1(a).

Figure1 (a) Basic geometry of the square patch

antenna




Figure 1 (b) Current distribution of microstrip square

patch antenna using ADS

Figure 1 (a) shows the basic design of a square patch

antenna, while Figure 1(b) shows the current

distribution on the patch obtained using ADS.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

In order to present the design procedure for

achieving impedance matching, the antenna was

designed using a RT duriod substrate resonating at

2.3 GHz and corresponding results are shown in

Figure 2 (a-c).

Figure 2(a) shows the variation of return loss vs

frequency for the range 2.0-2.8 GHz. It is found

that resonance is at fr = 2.3 GHz and seen that the

value decreases from 2.0 to 2.4 GHz, while sudenly

increasesing at fr = 2.3 GHz, and then again

decreasesing till 2.8 GHz. And corresponding phase

variation is shown in Figure 2 (b).

Figure 2 (a) S-parameter of the proposed antenna

Figure 2 (b) Variation of Phase with frequency

Figure 2(c) Variation of VSWR with frequency

In addition, the variation of VSWR with frequency,

which support the variation return loss with

frequency is shown in Figure 2 (c).

In general a microstrip patch antenna radiates normal

to its patch surface. However, the radiation

pattern of the proposed antenna shows that it is

Omni-directional as well as linearly polarized.

Figure 3 (a-g) shows the different radiation patterns

like 3D radiation, 2D radiation (E-Theta and E-Phi),

and circular, axial ratio in 3D and polar forms vs.

rotation angle. Axial ratio with respect to angles

is shown in Figures 3 (d-g).




Figure 3 (a) 3D radiation pattern of microstrip patch

antenna

Figure 3 (b) E-Phi 3D plot of radiation pattern of

the antenna

Figure 3 (c) E Theta 3D plot of radiation pattern of

the antenna

Figure 3 (d) Circular axial ratio of the antenna

Figure 3 (e) Circular Axial Ratio (polar) of the

antenna

Figure 3 (f) Linear axial ratio of the antenna




Figure 3 (g) Linear axial ratio (polar) of the antenna

Table 1. Simulated result of single microstrip square

patch antenna

V. CONCLUSION

The microstrip patch antenna is simulated using

Momentum Simulation method of ADS-2008. The

return loss of the microstrip patch antenna found to

be -17.068 dB at resonance frequency 2.31 GHz. The

gain of single microstrip antenna is 7.36066 dB and

the directivity of and single microstrip antenna is

7.38418 dB. The aim of this paper is to design single

microstrip antenna and to study the 3D radiation

pattern, current distribution and 2D cut out radiation

pattern and also study the return loss and VSWR of

microstrip antenna. The impedance bandwidth is

found to be 41 MHz. The proposed antenna can be

successfully used to capture electromagnetic energy

from the RF signals that have been radiated by

communication and WI-FI system around 2.4 GHz.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors express their appreciation to Dr. B.

K. Kanaujia, Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication, Ambedkar Institute of Technology, New Delhi for his

support.

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Documents

Performance Analysis of 2.3 GHz Microstrip Square …ijrmst.org/download/vol1-no2/yogesh-kumar-gupta.pdfPerformance Analysis of 2.3 GHz Microstrip Square Antenna Using ADS Yogesh Kumar