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Perennial Source of Water!?“Wastewater”!

Treatment, Recovery & Reuse

by

P. SenthilnathanEnviroGem, Inc., Canada

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Re-Use

Recover

Recycle

Reduce

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Typical Contaminants in Wastewater

Organic Compounds - generally measured as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Suspended Solids

Oil & Grease

Nitrogen (ammonia, organic nitrogen, etc.)

Phosphorus

Inorganic Compounds (metals, salts, etc.)

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Progression

Lagoons

Sand Beds -- Trickling Filter

Septic Tanks

Activated Sludge System

Rotating Biological Contactor

Advanced Biological Systems

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Example of an Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant

Screen

AnaerobicTreatment(optional)

Anoxic/AerobicReactor

Clarifier

Chlorination &Dechlorination

Return Sludge

Waste Sludge

Waste Sludge fordisposal/landapplication

Off Gas toFlare / Boiler

Air

Treated Water fordisposal / reuse

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TreatedWater

Aeration Basin

WasteWater Settling Tank

ExcessBiomass

Typical Biological Wastewater Treatment(Suspended Growth System)

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WastewaterFeed

TreatedWater

TricklingFilter

Typical Biological Wastewater Treatment(Attached Growth System)

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Rotating Biological Contactor

WastewaterFeed

TreatedWater

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Anaerobic Anoxic Aerobic Anoxic Aerobic

WasteWater

TreatedWater toSettling

Tank

Advanced Wastewater Treatment(Biological Nutrient Removal)

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“No higher quality water, unless there is a surplus of it, should be used for a purpose that can tolerate a lower grade”

UN Economic & Social Council, 1958-Policy

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Types of Reuse

Direct Reuse

Indirect Reuse

Inadvertent Reuse

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Areas for Water Reuse

Landscape application

Scenic Waters/Fountains

Irrigation

Municipal

Agricultural

Ground-Water Recharge

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Areas for Water Reuse

Industrial• Cooling Towers

• Boiler

• Floor Wash

• Fire Fighting

• Stack gas scrubbers

• Toilet/urinal flushing

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General Guidelines for water reuse with critical quality requirement

WHO

US EPA

California

Florida

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Case Studies

Orange County, CA – Water Factory 21

West Basin, California

Commercial Buildings

Theme Parks

Industries

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Typical Water Reuse - CA

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Effluent Water Quality for Alternative Levels of Usage

6.5 to 9pH

2.22.2251000Fecal Coliform, cfu/100 mL

115-Turbidity – NTU

500150015001500TDS – mg/L

111010Total P – mg/L

5.65.65.65.6NO3-N – mg/L

151030TSS – mg/L

5101030BOD – mg/L

Indus-trial

LakesOpen Surface

Irriga-tion