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Perceptual Weighting Strategies in Normal Hearing
and Hearing Impaired Children and Adults
Andrea Pittman, Ph.D.
Patricia Stelmachowicz, Ph.D.
Dawna Lewis, M.A.
Brenda Hoover, M.A.
Boys Town National Research Hospital
Funded by a grant from NIH
How do hearing-impaired children learn to perceive speech?
• Hearing impaired: receive reduced speech signal
Hearing-Impaired Children
Hearing
Hearing-Impaired Adults
Normal-Hearing Children
Normal-Hearing Adults
Experience
• Children: less experience perceiving speech
How do hearing-impaired children learn to perceive speech?
Subjects
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000
Frequency (Hz)
He
arin
g L
eve
l (d
B H
L)
Normal Hearing10 Adults (mean = 28 yrs, 20-44)
20 Children (mean = 6:8 yrs, 5-7)
Hearing Impaired10 Adults (mean = 59 yrs, 49-66)
10 Children (mean = 7:8 yrs, 5-10)
Subjects
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000
Frequency (Hz)
He
arin
g L
eve
l (d
B H
L)
Normal Hearing10 Adults (mean = 28 yrs, 20-44)
20 Children (mean = 6:8 yrs, 5-7)
Hearing Impaired10 Adults (mean = 59 yrs, 49-66)
10 Children (mean = 7:8 yrs, 5-10)
StimuliSack Sock
Shack Shock
4 words – CVC– 2 vowels – 2 fricatives
StimuliSack Sock
Shack Shock
2 conditions – w/ transition– w/o transition
StimuliSack Sock
Shack Shock
2 conditions – w/ transition– w/o transition
Stimuli
w/o transition
w/ transition 2 conditions – w/ transition– w/o transition
Stimuli 2 segments
– fricative – vowel
Sack Sock
Shack Shock
Stimuli 2 segments
– fricative – vowel
Sack Sock
Shack Shock
Stimuli
-20
0
20
40
60
80
500 2000 8000
vowel
fricative
Frequency (Hz)
Lev
el (
dB
SP
L)
5 levels– 5 to 12 dB steps– 20 to 48 dB range
Stimuli
-20
0
20
40
60
80
500 2000 8000
vowel
fricative
Frequency (Hz)
Lev
el (
dB
SP
L)
5 levels– 5 to 12 dB steps– 20 to 48 dB range
Stimuli
-20
0
20
40
60
80
500 2000 8000
Frequency (Hz)
Lev
el (
dB
SP
L)
5 levels– 5 to 12 dB steps– 20 to 48 dB range
Stimuli
-20
0
20
40
60
80
500 2000 8000
Frequency (Hz)
Lev
el (
dB
SP
L)
5 levels– 5 to 12 dB steps– 20 to 48 dB range
Stimuli
-20
0
20
40
60
80
500 2000 8000
Frequency (Hz)
Lev
el (
dB
SP
L)
5 levels– 5 to 12 dB steps– 20 to 48 dB range
Stimuli
-20
0
20
40
60
80
500 2000 8000
Frequency (Hz)
Lev
el (
dB
SP
L)
5 levels– 5 to 12 dB steps– 20 to 48 dB range
Stimuli
-20
0
20
40
60
80
500 2000 8000
Frequency (Hz)
Lev
el (
dB
SP
L)
5 levels– 5 to 12 dB steps– 20 to 48 dB range
Stimuli
-20
0
20
40
60
80
500 2000 8000
Frequency (Hz)
Lev
el (
dB
SP
L)
5 levels– 5 to 12 dB steps– 20 to 48 dB range
Stimuli
-20
0
20
40
60
80
500 2000 8000
Frequency (Hz)
Lev
el (
dB
SP
L)
5 levels– 5 to 12 dB steps– 20 to 48 dB range
Stimuli
-20
0
20
40
60
80
500 2000 8000
vowel
fricative
Frequency (Hz)
Lev
el (
dB
SP
L)
5 levels– 5 to 12 dB steps– 20 to 48 dB range
-20
0
20
40
60
80
500 2000 8000
Frequency (Hz)
Leve
l (dB
SP
L)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
Short-Term Audibility
Short-Term Audibility
-20
0
20
40
60
80
500 2000 8000
Frequency (Hz)
Leve
l (dB
SP
L)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
Short-Term Audibility
Short-Term Audibility
-20
0
20
40
60
80
500 2000 8000
Frequency (Hz)
Leve
l (dB
SP
L)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
Short-Term Audibility
Short-Term Audibility
-20
0
20
40
60
80
500 2000 8000
Frequency (Hz)
Leve
l (dB
SP
L)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
Short-Term Audibility
Short-Term Audibility
-20
0
20
40
60
80
500 2000 8000
Frequency (Hz)
Leve
l (dB
SP
L)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
Short-Term Audibility
Short-Term Audibility
-20
0
20
40
60
80
500 2000 8000
Frequency (Hz)
Leve
l (dB
SP
L)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
Short-Term Audibility
Short-Term Audibility
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Short-Term Audibility
Per
form
ance
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Short-Term Audibility
Per
form
ance
Results
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Normal-Hearing Adults
Short-Term Audibility
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
w/ transition
w/o transition
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Normal-Hearing Adults
Short-Term Audibility
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
w/ transition
w/o transition
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Hearing-Impaired Children
Short-Term Audibility
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Hearing-Impaired Adults
Short-Term Audibility
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Normal-Hearing Children
Short-Term Audibility
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
w/ transition
w/o transition
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Normal-Hearing Adults
Short-Term Audibility
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Hearing-Impaired Children
Short-Term Audibility
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Hearing-Impaired Adults
Short-Term Audibility
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
w/ transition
w/o transition
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Normal-Hearing Adults
Short-Term Audibility
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Normal-Hearing Children
Short-Term Audibility
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
Conclusions• Experience
- Overall performance and use of the transition increased with age
• Hearing - HI adults showed significantly poorer
performance when the transition was removed Suggests that the transition was more important to perception in this group than in NH listeners
- HI children showed no difference in performance for words with and without a transition
