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PERCEPTIONS OF CARBON PRICING IN CANADAA SURVEY OF 2250 CANADIANS
FEB 2018
Online survey
Survey was conducted online with Canadians aged 18 and over. A random sample of panelists were invited to complete the survey from a set of partner panels based
on the Lucid exchange platform.
Sample Size
2,250 CanadiansMargin of error for a comparable probability-based
random sample of the same size is +/- 2.1%, 19 times out of 20.
Field dates February 9th to 15th, 2018
Statistical WeightingData was weighted according to census data to ensure
that the sample matched Canada's population according to age, gender, educational attainment, and region.
METHODOLOGY
KEY FINDINGS
LARGE MAJORITY WANT A TRANSITION TO A LOW CARBON ECONOMY, BUT WITH CARE TO MANAGE IMPACTS .
• This goal is broadly embraced, including in Alberta.
• The caution about the pace of ambition is clear, and not only in Alberta. Most people believe we should continue to develop oil and gas resources while transitioning.
• Most Canadians believe climate change is happening, is caused by human behaviour. While 75% say action on climate change should be a high priority, it trails a range of other economic and social issues in terms of perceived urgency.
• 60% want governments to take more action to combat climate change. Only 16% want less action, but this number has doubled in three years.
• Most Canadians prefer regulations and subsidies to carbon pricing, but also prefer carbon pricing to doing nothing at all.
FAMILIARITY WITH CARBON PRICING REMAINS LIMITED YET SUPPORT HAS GROWN SINCE 2015.
• Less than half feel familiar with carbon pricing. This hasn’t changed much in three years - the discussion is still largely an elite level discussion.
• People have vague, but directionally accurate ideas of the purpose of a carbon price. Most people are supportive or open to the idea of a carbon price, support is up 7 points over 3 years.
• Majorities in Quebec, Ontario and BC do not know that there is a carbon price in their province.
• Majorities in those provinces planning to have a carbon price do not know that this is the plan.
PERCEIVED IMPACT OF CARBON PRICING
• 47% think it might only cause the cost of living to go up without changing energy use. But when probed on a series of possible specific reactions large majorities think behaviour would occur.
• Few perceive negative impacts from carbon pricing in those provinces where it is in place. But conviction that it has had really positive effects is also limited.
• In many cases the plurality say they have seen no real impact.
• Carbon pricing can gain more votes than it can lose. 37% prefer to vote for a candidate who promises to price carbon compared to 26% who prefer a candidate opposed to a price on carbon. 37% said it would have no impact on their vote.
VIEWS ON CLIMATE CHANGE
MOST WANT CLIMATE ACTION, BUT IT IS NOT A DOMINANT ISSUE COMPARED TO OTHER PRIORITIES.
• Most Canadians believe climate change is happening and is caused by human behaviour.
• While 75% say action on climate change should be a high priority, it trails a range of other economic and social issues in terms of perceived urgency.
IS THE EARTH WARMING?
28%
33%
27%
6% 5%
Conclusive evidence Solid evidence Some but not conclusiveevidence
Little evidence No evidence
In your view, is there conclusive evidence, solid evidence, some but not conclusive evidence, little evidence, or no evidence that the average temperature on earth has been getting warmer over the past few decades, or not?
11% NO61% YES
IS THE EARTH WARMING?
In your view, is there conclusive evidence, solid evidence, some but not conclusive evidence, little evidence, or no evidence that the average temperature on earth has been getting warmer over the past few decades, or not?
28%
27%
30%
35%
25%
28%
28%
32%
23%
24%
25%
33%
37%
33%
35%
31%
30%
33%
35%
33%
37%
29%
29%
32%
37%
31%
27%
25%
29%
22%
30%
26%
29%
23%
33%
35%
29%
21%
26%
6%
7%
6%
7%
6%
7%
6%
5%
11%
6%
6%
6%
3%
5%
6%
5%
7%
7%
4%
4%
3%
5%
7%
8%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Conclusive evidence Solid evidenceSome but not conclusive evidence Little evidenceNo evidence
SEX
28%
49%
27%
16%
39%
16%
27%
47%
41%
24%
27%
35%
33%
27%
35%
19%
36%
29%
36%
23%
35%
32%
33%
34%
27%
18%
28%
28%
20%
37%
20%
26%
15%
32%
27%
21%
6%
2%
6%
16%
3%
10%
11%
2%
4%
6%
8%
5%
5%
4%
4%
20%
2%
9%
7%
2%
5%
6%
5%
5%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
GLOBAL WARMING TRACKING
In your view, is there conclusive evidence, solid evidence, some but not conclusive evidence, little evidence, or no evidence that the average temperature on earth has been getting warmer over the past few decades, or not?
29%
28%
36%
33%
26%
27%
6%
6%
3%
5%
Sept 2015
>
Feb 2018
Conclusive evidence Solid evidence Some but no conclusive evidence Little evidence No evidence
65%
61%
WHY IS THE EARTH WARMING?
70%30%
Because of human andindustrial activity such asburning fossil fuels
Because of natural patterns in the earth’s environment
If the earth is warming, do you believe that cause is mostly…?
WHY IS THE EARTH WARMING?
If the earth is warming, do you believe that cause is mostly…?
70%
66%
74%
78%
67%
70%
68%
72%
54%
64%
68%
82%
73%
30%
34%
26%
22%
33%
30%
32%
28%
46%
36%
32%
18%
27%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Because of human and industrial activity such as burning fossil fuelsBecause of natural patterns in the earth’s environment
SEX
70%
79%
72%
41%
80%
42%
74%
76%
89%
71%
68%
72%
30%
21%
28%
59%
20%
58%
26%
24%
11%
29%
32%
28%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
WHY IS THE EARTH WARMING? 2015 VS. 2018
Some governments have discussed or implemented a price or a charge on carbon as a way of reducing emissions. Would you say you are …?
71%
29%
70%
30%
Because of human activity such as burningfossil fuels
Because of natural patterns in the earth'senvironment
Sept 2015 Jan 2018
75%PUBLIC POLICY PRIORITIES
Below is a list of possible public policy priorities. How much of a priority do you feel each one should be?
46%
37%
27%
35%
31%
32%
22%
24%
28%
22%
26%
21%
20%
21%
31%
30%
37%
30%
30%
28%
32%
32%
26%
28%
23%
26%
24%
26%
18%
23%
26%
25%
26%
27%
32%
28%
26%
30%
28%
29%
30%
27%
5%
8%
8%
8%
10%
12%
12%
14%
15%
16%
16%
18%
19%
18%
0%
1%
1%
1%
2%
2%
1%
2%
5%
4%
7%
6%
5%
9%
Improving health care
Controlling government spending, deficits and debts
Helping stimulate the creation of good quality jobs
Keeping the cost of living from rising
Reducing poverty and income inequality
Ensuring housing is affordable
Expanding trading opportunities for Canadian goods and services
Attracting investment into Canada
Cutting taxes
Improving the state of the environment
Combating terrorism
Shifting our economy to a clean energy economy
Ensuring childcare is affordable
Taking action to solve climate change
A top priority A very high priority A high priority A moderate priority A low priority
50%
ENVIRONMENT/CLIMATE POLICY PRIORITIES
Below is a list of possible public policy priorities. How much of a priority do you feel each one should be?
22%
21%
21%
28%
26%
26%
30%
29%
27%
16%
18%
18%
4%
6%
9%
Improving the state of the environment
Shifting our economy to a clean energyeconomy
Taking action to solve climate change
A top priority A very high priority A high priority A moderate priority A low priority
50%
80%
76%
73%
% who say it’s at least a “high priority”
PUBLIC POLICY PRIORITIES: IMPROVING THE STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Below is a list of possible public policy priorities. How much of a priority do you feel each one should be?
22%
19%
25%
34%
20%
20%
17%
18%
14%
19%
22%
27%
28%
28%
28%
29%
29%
27%
30%
28%
32%
27%
24%
28%
29%
29%
30%
32%
27%
26%
30%
29%
32%
32%
30%
31%
27%
32%
27%
16%
17%
16%
8%
19%
17%
20%
16%
23%
20%
19%
10%
12%
4%
4%
3%
3%
4%
4%
3%
2%
6%
6%
4%
2%
4%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
A top priority A very high priority A high priorityA moderate priority A low priority
SEX
22%
42%
20%
12%
25%
11%
23%
38%
9%
22%
22%
22%
28%
22%
30%
17%
33%
21%
27%
31%
42%
29%
29%
27%
30%
24%
30%
33%
25%
32%
29%
23%
40%
30%
28%
31%
16%
9%
17%
23%
14%
27%
17%
8%
6%
17%
17%
16%
4%
3%
3%
15%
2%
9%
4%
1%
4%
3%
4%
4%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
PUBLIC POLICY PRIORITIES: TAKING ACTION TO SOLVE CLIMATE CHANGE
Below is a list of possible public policy priorities. How much of a priority do you feel each one should be?
21%
19%
23%
29%
20%
18%
19%
16%
13%
19%
22%
25%
28%
26%
25%
27%
25%
27%
26%
25%
32%
22%
19%
24%
30%
25%
27%
28%
26%
24%
26%
27%
29%
30%
25%
25%
24%
31%
26%
18%
18%
18%
15%
18%
19%
18%
17%
24%
23%
19%
12%
15%
9%
11%
7%
6%
9%
9%
10%
5%
16%
13%
11%
3%
6%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
A top priority A very high priority A high priorityA moderate priority A low priority
SEX
21%
40%
19%
12%
24%
10%
23%
41%
4%
20%
23%
20%
26%
21%
28%
13%
31%
17%
20%
28%
42%
29%
24%
26%
27%
21%
28%
22%
25%
25%
33%
10%
36%
28%
25%
28%
18%
13%
18%
16%
16%
27%
18%
10%
9%
15%
20%
18%
9%
5%
6%
36%
4%
22%
7%
11%
9%
9%
9%
8%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
PUBLIC POLICY PRIORITIES: SHIFTING OUR ECONOMY TO A CLEAN ENERGY ECONOMY
Below is a list of possible public policy priorities. How much of a priority do you feel each one should be?
21%
19%
23%
32%
19%
19%
17%
22%
13%
15%
20%
26%
26%
26%
26%
27%
24%
28%
28%
25%
28%
22%
23%
25%
32%
22%
29%
29%
29%
23%
31%
30%
31%
31%
28%
30%
28%
29%
31%
18%
19%
17%
16%
17%
16%
21%
14%
27%
24%
19%
12%
16%
6%
8%
5%
6%
5%
7%
6%
5%
9%
7%
9%
2%
4%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
A top priority A very high priority A high priorityA moderate priority A low priority
SEX
21%
35%
20%
16%
22%
11%
19%
45%
6%
23%
21%
18%
26%
30%
27%
18%
31%
16%
24%
22%
65%
26%
28%
25%
29%
22%
31%
19%
29%
25%
34%
27%
4%
29%
26%
32%
18%
8%
18%
25%
14%
31%
20%
5%
16%
17%
19%
16%
6%
4%
5%
21%
4%
17%
3%
1%
9%
4%
6%
9%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
SEGMENTATION ON VIEWS TOWARDS CLIMATE CHANGE
CLIMATE CHANGE SEGMENTS• In an effort to simplify analysis, we conducted a segmentation analysis that modeled
responses to four questions:• Level of priority for governments to take action on climate change• Evidence that climate change is happening• Whether climate change is man-made or natural• The ranking of “doing nothing” to deal with climate change.
• The statistical analysis produced 3 groups with members more similar to each other.• 42% are what we term “Climate Believers”. They believe there is conclusive evidence that
climate change is happening, think its man-made, and are more likely to think government action on the problem should be a top or very high priority.
• 47% are what we term “Climate Leaners”. They believe there is clear evidence that climate change is happening but only two-thirds believes its caused by man-made actions. Despite aligning closely with Believers on the existence and cause of climate change, they are less likely to prioritize government action. They are more concerned about other issues.
• 11% are what we term “Climate Laggards”. They do not believe there is clear evidence that climate change is happening, most think it’s naturally caused, and most want government to do nothing to solve it.
SEGMENTSBELIEVERS LEANERS LAGGARDS
42% 47% 11%Taking action to solve climate change
Top/Very High Priority 83% 24% 7%
Would like to see governments put more emphasis on climate action 88% 47% 6%
Rank Carbon Pricing in Top 2 of ways to reduce emissions 47% 39% 21%
Carbon pricing is a very good/good idea 66% 34% 15%
Very/Pretty Familiar with Carbon Pricing 49% 34% 46%
Possible to price emissions without hurting economy (Certain/Very Likely/Likely) 74% 59% 28%
Conclusive or solid evidence climate change is happening 100% 41% 10%
Regional QC (+5), AB (-4), SK/MB (-1) Even regional distribution AB (+10), SK/MB (+3), QC (-12)
Gender Male 46% | Female 54% Male 50% | Female 50% Male 59% | Female 41%
Age Highest concentration of under 30 Equal age distribution Only 14% are under 30
Current Federal Vote LPC 46% | CPC 17% | NDP 20% LPC 31% | CPC 37% | NDP 21% LPC 13% | CPC 63% | NDP 14%
Past Federal Vote LPC 54% | CPC 19% | NDP 18% LPC 36% | CPC 37% | NDP 21% LPC 19% | CPC 62% | NDP 15%
PRIORITY: TAKING ACTION ON CLIMTE CHANGE
Below is a list of possible public policy priorities. How much of a priority do you feel each one should be?
47%
16%
8%
28%
11%
2%
18%
36%
14%
4%
36%
21%
2%
1%
55%
Believers
Leaners
Laggards
A top priority A very high priority A high priority A moderate priority A low priority
50%
92%
63%
24%
% who say it’s at least a “high priority”
EVIDENCE THE EARTH IS WARMING
In your view, is there conclusive evidence, solid evidence, some but not conclusive evidence, little evidence, or no evidence that the average temperature on earth has been getting warmer over the past few decades, or not?
78%
6%
22%
45%
8%
48%
41%
6%
29% 17%
Believers
Leaners
Laggards
Conclusive evidence Solid evidence Some but not conclusive evidence Little evidence No evidence
50%
CAUSE OF CLIMATE CHANGE
If the earth is warming, do you believe that cause is mostly
97%
53%
17%
3%
47%
83%
Believers
Leaners
Laggards
Because of human and industrial activity such as burning fossil fuels Because of natural patterns in the earth’s environment
50%
GOVERNMENTS SHOULD “DO NOTHING” TO REDUCE EMISSIONS
Do nothing to encourage emissions reductions :Rank the following choices for how you would prefer governments use policy to reduce emissions?
45%
4%
5%
20%
9%
20%
11%
87%
74%
25%
Believers
Leaners
Laggards
1 2 3 4
50%
CLIMATE CHANGE POPULATION SEGMENTSDISTRIBUTION BY GROUP
Below is a list of possible public policy priorities. How much of a priority do you feel each one should be?
42%
39%
44%
49%
36%
40%
42%
44%
29%
34%
39%
51%
48%
47%
48%
47%
42%
50%
49%
46%
49%
49%
49%
48%
43%
43%
11%
14%
9%
9%
13%
11%
12%
7%
22%
16%
13%
5%
8%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Believers Leaners Laggards
SEX
42%
56%
40%
24%
54%
22%
40%
56%
57%
40%
41%
44%
47%
39%
51%
49%
40%
53%
51%
37%
38%
48%
48%
45%
11%
6%
9%
27%
5%
25%
9%
7%
5%
12%
12%
10%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
GOVERNMENT ACTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
BY A FACTOR OF 4:1 PEOPLE PREFER MORE GOVERNMENT ACTION TO LESS GOVERNMENT ACTION ON CLIMATE.
• 60% want governments to take more action to combat climate change. Only 16% want less action, but this number has doubled in three years.
• The plurality of Alberta voters (46%) want more action.Conservatives are evenly split.
GOVERNMENT EMPHASIS ON EMISSION REDUCTIONS
60%
16%
24%
More emphasis
Less emphasis
Do nothing different from whatis currently being done
Generally speaking, how would you like to see governments in Canada emphasize policies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
GOVERNMENT EMPHASIS ON EMISSION REDUCTIONSSINCE 2015
Generally speaking, how would you like to see governments in Canada emphasize policies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
69%
56%
60%
23%
31%
24%
8%
13%
16%
Sept 2015
March 2016
February 2018
More emphasis Do nothing different from what is currently being done Less emphasis
Enthusiasm for more action to reduce emissions has not waned much since before the 2015 Federal Election and is up slightly since March 2016.
GOVERNMENT EMPHASIS ON EMISSION REDUCTIONSBY FAMILIARITY WITH CARBON PRICING
Generally speaking, how would you like to see governments in Canada emphasize policies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
60%
61%
55%
21%
13%
11%
18%
26%
33%
Familiar
Heard about it, don'tunderstand
Unaware
More emphasis Do nothing different from what is currently being done Less emphasis
GOVERNMENT EMPHASIS ON EMISSION REDUCTIONS
Generally speaking, how would you like to see governments in Canada emphasize policies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
60%
54%
65%
71%
53%
57%
60%
65%
46%
56%
57%
66%
69%
24%
27%
22%
19%
27%
26%
24%
23%
27%
25%
26%
22%
21%
16%
20%
12%
10%
20%
17%
16%
12%
27%
19%
17%
13%
10%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
More emphasis Do nothing different from what is currently being done Less emphasis
SEX
60%
73%
60%
37%
70%
33%
59%
67%
74%
61%
57%
61%
24%
13%
26%
25%
22%
31%
33%
18%
15%
25%
24%
24%
16%
14%
14%
38%
8%
36%
7%
15%
11%
14%
19%
15%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
GENERALLY PEOPLE GRAVITATE TOWARDS REGULATION AND SUBSIDY OVER TAXATION AS A CLIMATE SOLUTION.
• Carbon pricing ranks third among these alternative policy approaches.
• But by far the least popular idea is “do nothing.”
RANKING EMISSION REDUCTION POLICIES
Rank the following choices for how you would prefer governments use policy to reduce emissions.
44%
35%
13%
7%
31%
35%
27%
7%
19%
24%
45%
11%
5%
6%
14%
74%
Rules and regulations that require emissions reductions in specific waysor in specific sectors
Subsidies to encourage the adoption of low-carbon technologies
Carbon pricing uses the market to shift behaviour and the broadereconomy
Do nothing to encourage emissions reductions
First Second Third Fourth
75%
70%
58%
53%
RANKED IN TOP 2
RANKING EMISSION REDUCTION POLICIESRULES AND REGULATIONS
Rank the following choices for how you would prefer governments use policy to reduce emissions.
44%
42%
46%
43%
38%
49%
46%
52%
40%
47%
42%
41%
55%
31%
31%
31%
34%
31%
28%
31%
31%
33%
30%
31%
32%
27%
19%
20%
19%
19%
22%
17%
19%
15%
20%
17%
20%
23%
12%
5%
7%
4%
4%
8%
6%
3%
1%
7%
5%
7%
3%
5%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
1 2 3 4
SEX
44%
46%
45%
36%
46%
43%
54%
34%
46%
44%
48%
39%
31%
28%
31%
37%
30%
33%
27%
43%
31%
31%
30%
32%
19%
19%
19%
21%
19%
19%
14%
21%
23%
19%
17%
23%
5%
6%
5%
6%
3%
6%
5%
1%
0%
6%
4%
6%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
RANKING EMISSION REDUCTION POLICIES: LOW-CARBON TECHNOLOGY SUBSIDIES
Rank the following choices for how you would prefer governments use policy to reduce emissions.
35%
32%
37%
37%
36%
32%
33%
31%
38%
31%
36%
35%
28%
35%
34%
37%
31%
32%
37%
40%
34%
38%
41%
35%
32%
39%
24%
26%
22%
23%
23%
26%
24%
27%
16%
21%
25%
26%
26%
6%
7%
4%
9%
8%
5%
2%
7%
8%
6%
4%
7%
6%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
1 2 3 4
SEX
35%
31%
36%
26%
35%
34%
26%
35%
41%
38%
32%
34%
35%
40%
35%
31%
38%
38%
38%
35%
36%
33%
37%
35%
24%
24%
24%
26%
24%
20%
31%
22%
23%
24%
24%
25%
6%
5%
5%
17%
3%
7%
4%
8%
0%
5%
6%
6%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
RANKING EMISSION REDUCTION POLICIES: CARBON PRICING
Rank the following choices for how you would prefer governments use policy to reduce emissions.
13%
16%
11%
14%
15%
11%
14%
11%
9%
11%
12%
20%
10%
27%
28%
26%
25%
28%
30%
24%
27%
20%
21%
28%
29%
29%
45%
41%
49%
46%
40%
47%
47%
50%
50%
49%
42%
42%
50%
14%
15%
13%
15%
16%
12%
14%
12%
20%
18%
18%
7%
10%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
1 2 3 4
SEX
13%
17%
13%
10%
15%
7%
14%
25%
13%
11%
11%
19%
27%
27%
28%
20%
27%
21%
30%
17%
33%
28%
27%
25%
45%
47%
45%
40%
50%
44%
48%
46%
48%
47%
47%
41%
14%
9%
13%
29%
8%
28%
9%
11%
5%
14%
15%
14%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
RANKING EMISSION REDUCTION POLICIESDO NOTHING
Rank the following choices for how you would prefer governments use policy to reduce emissions.
7%
9%
6%
7%
11%
7%
5%
5%
12%
9%
9%
4%
6%
7%
8%
6%
10%
9%
5%
5%
8%
9%
8%
6%
6%
4%
11%
13%
10%
11%
14%
11%
9%
7%
15%
12%
13%
9%
11%
74%
70%
78%
72%
66%
77%
80%
80%
64%
70%
71%
81%
79%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
1 2 3 4
SEX
7%
5%
6%
27%
4%
15%
6%
5%
0%
7%
8%
8%
7%
5%
6%
12%
4%
8%
5%
5%
0%
8%
5%
8%
11%
11%
11%
13%
7%
16%
7%
11%
5%
10%
13%
11%
74%
79%
76%
48%
85%
60%
81%
79%
95%
75%
74%
73%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
MORAL IMPERATIVE IS THE #1 RANKED REASON TO ACT, BUT ECONOMIC ARGUMENTS ALSO MATTER.
• 36% say they are most motivated by the moral imperative, led by women and NDP voters.
• However 64% said one of three economic arguments was most compelling (opportunities in transition, staying competitive with clean growth trend, cost of weather disasters)
REASON TO ACT
Rank the following reasons to do more to combat climate change from most important to least important to you.
36%
24%
20%
20%
22%
29%
29%
19%
21%
29%
27%
23%
20%
17%
24%
38%
We have a moral responsibility to pass on a planet that is safe and healthto the next generation
Fighting climate change by shifting to more efficient energy use andclean technologies will bring new economic opportunities for Canadians.
The strongest economies in the future will be those that transition to using more renewable energy, and Canada shouldn’t fall behind
Weather disasters (floods, hurricanes, wildfires) have become a financialdisaster we must do more to try to avoid
First Second Third Fourth
58%
53%
49%
39%
RANKED IN TOP 2
REASONS TO ACT: MORAL RESPONSIBILITY
Rank the following reasons to do more to combat climate change from most important to least important to you.
36%
32%
40%
39%
32%
39%
35%
34%
38%
38%
34%
38%
39%
22%
23%
21%
24%
21%
21%
23%
21%
20%
23%
26%
17%
20%
21%
23%
19%
20%
26%
19%
19%
25%
21%
20%
21%
20%
20%
20%
22%
19%
18%
21%
20%
22%
20%
20%
19%
19%
24%
20%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
1 2 3 4
SEX
36%
40%
35%
40%
35%
31%
45%
37%
22%
40%
37%
31%
22%
26%
22%
20%
21%
23%
21%
14%
31%
23%
21%
22%
21%
20%
21%
22%
20%
26%
11%
24%
27%
19%
21%
24%
20%
14%
22%
18%
24%
19%
24%
25%
14%
17%
21%
23%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
REASONS TO ACT: SHIFTING TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CLEAN TECH
Rank the following reasons to do more to combat climate change from most important to least important to you.
24%
25%
23%
23%
23%
24%
25%
24%
19%
28%
25%
23%
24%
29%
31%
27%
24%
30%
32%
30%
32%
32%
30%
28%
27%
29%
29%
27%
32%
33%
25%
29%
32%
30%
30%
25%
26%
35%
30%
17%
17%
17%
21%
21%
16%
13%
14%
19%
17%
20%
15%
17%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
1 2 3 4
SEX
24%
21%
25%
20%
27%
23%
20%
38%
9%
21%
25%
25%
29%
29%
29%
30%
31%
25%
34%
21%
30%
29%
29%
29%
29%
31%
29%
30%
26%
31%
34%
19%
42%
30%
29%
30%
17%
19%
17%
18%
15%
20%
12%
22%
19%
19%
16%
16%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
REASONS TO ACT:TRANSITION TO MORE RENEWABLES OR FALL BEHIND ECONOMICALLY
Rank the following reasons to do more to combat climate change from most important to least important to you.
20%
22%
18%
19%
24%
19%
18%
22%
23%
19%
21%
16%
20%
29%
29%
30%
30%
28%
29%
30%
30%
29%
28%
27%
34%
25%
27%
26%
27%
24%
27%
29%
27%
25%
23%
32%
28%
25%
29%
24%
23%
24%
26%
22%
23%
25%
24%
25%
22%
24%
24%
26%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
1 2 3 4
SEX
20%
17%
20%
23%
19%
25%
16%
13%
27%
17%
20%
22%
29%
27%
29%
30%
28%
28%
29%
44%
29%
27%
31%
29%
27%
30%
27%
22%
29%
26%
29%
30%
11%
30%
26%
24%
24%
26%
24%
25%
23%
21%
25%
13%
33%
25%
22%
24%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
REASONS TO ACT: WEATHER DISASTERS ARE COSTLY
Rank the following reasons to do more to combat climate change from most important to least important to you.
20%
21%
19%
19%
20%
18%
21%
20%
19%
14%
20%
22%
17%
19%
17%
22%
21%
22%
19%
17%
17%
19%
20%
18%
21%
25%
23%
24%
21%
24%
21%
23%
22%
20%
26%
23%
24%
20%
20%
38%
38%
39%
35%
37%
40%
39%
42%
36%
43%
37%
37%
37%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
1 2 3 4
SEX
20%
22%
20%
16%
19%
20%
19%
12%
35%
21%
17%
22%
19%
19%
20%
19%
20%
23%
16%
22%
10%
21%
18%
20%
23%
19%
23%
25%
24%
17%
25%
26%
21%
20%
25%
22%
38%
40%
38%
39%
38%
39%
39%
40%
34%
38%
40%
36%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
TRANSITIONING TO A LOW CARBON ECONOMY
LARGE MAJORITY WANT A TRANSITION TO A LOW CARBON ECONOMY, BUT WITH CARE TO MANAGE IMPACTS .
• This goal is broadly embraced, including in Alberta.
• The caution about the pace of ambition is clear, and not only in Alberta. Most people believe we should continue to develop oil and gas resources while transitioning.
IS A TRANSITION TO A LOW CARBON ECONOMY A GOOD OR BAD GOAL?
84%
16%
Good goal
Bad goal
In general, do you think a transition to a low-carbon economy (which uses less energy and more renewable forms of energy) is generally a good goal for Canada, a bad goal?
82%
18%
Good goal
Bad goal
How about for your province?
IS A TRANSITION TO A LOW CARBON ECONOMY A GOOD OR BAD GOAL?BY CLIMATE SEGMENTATION
In general, do you think a transition to a low-carbon economy (which uses less energy and more renewable forms of energy) is generally a good goal for Canada, a bad goal?
93%
87%
57%
7%
13%
43%
Believers
Leaners
Laggards
Good goal Bad goal
IS A TRANSITION TO A LOW CARBON ECONOMY A GOOD OR BAD GOAL FOR CANADA?
In general, do you think a transition to a low-carbon economy (which uses less energy and more renewable forms of energy) is generally a good goal for Canada, a bad goal?
84%
80%
87%
83%
82%
84%
85%
92%
78%
83%
81%
86%
88%
16%
20%
13%
17%
18%
16%
15%
8%
22%
17%
19%
14%
12%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Good goal Bad goal
SEX
84%
83%
86%
63%
92%
70%
86%
95%
88%
84%
84%
83%
16%
17%
14%
37%
8%
30%
14%
5%
12%
16%
16%
17%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
GOOD/BAD GOAL FOR YOUR PROVINCE?
How about for your province?
82%
78%
85%
81%
79%
84%
83%
91%
68%
80%
79%
87%
83%
18%
22%
15%
19%
21%
16%
17%
9%
32%
20%
21%
13%
17%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Good goal Bad goal
SEX
82%
86%
84%
58%
90%
64%
84%
95%
84%
82%
81%
83%
18%
14%
16%
42%
10%
36%
16%
5%
16%
18%
19%
17%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
IS A LOW-CARBON ECONOMY ACHIEVABLE?
73%
27%
Achievable
Unachievable
Do you think a transition to a low-carbon economy is generally achievable or unachievable for Canada?
IS A LOW-CARBON ECONOMY ACHIEVABLE?
Do you think a transition to a low-carbon economy is generally achievable or unachievable for Canada?
73%
70%
76%
76%
72%
74%
70%
75%
61%
70%
74%
75%
79%
27%
30%
24%
24%
28%
26%
30%
25%
39%
30%
26%
25%
21%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Achievable Unachievable
SEX
73%
83%
74%
47%
83%
56%
74%
79%
80%
72%
71%
77%
27%
17%
26%
53%
17%
44%
26%
21%
20%
28%
29%
23%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
AGGRESSIVE OR MANAGED TRANSITION?
75%
25%
It is important to manage this transition inways that are careful to not to drive up thecost of living too much or cost too manyjobs even if that means we take longer toreduce emissions
The climate problem is so severe that weneed to act aggressively even if the impactson jobs and the cost of living are greater
Some say that it is important to manage this transition in ways that are careful to not to drive up the cost of living too much or cost too many jobs even if that means we take longer to reduce emissions. Others say that the climate problem is so severe that we need to act aggressively even if the impacts on jobs and the cost of living are greater. Which is closer to your view?
AGGRESSIVE OR MANAGED TRANSITION?BY CLIMATE SEGMENTATION
Some say that it is important to manage this transition in ways that are careful to not to drive up the cost of living too much or cost too many jobs even if that means we take longer to reduce emissions. Others say that the climate problem is so severe that we need to act aggressively even if the impacts on jobs and the cost of living are greater. Which is closer to your view?
61%
82%
87%
39%
18%
13%
Believers
Leaners
Laggards
It is important to manage this transition in ways that are careful to not to drive up the cost of living too much or cost toomany jobs even if that means we take longer to reduce emissions
The climate problem is so severe that we need to act aggressively even if the impacts on jobs and the cost of living aregreater
AGGRESSIVE OR MANAGED TRANSITION?
Some say that it is important to manage this transition in ways that are careful to not to drive up the cost of living too much or cost too many jobs even if that means we take longer to reduce emissions. Others say that the climate problem is so severe that we need to act aggressively even if the impacts on jobs and the cost of living are greater. Which is closer to your view?
75%
74%
76%
65%
73%
77%
82%
71%
81%
82%
79%
67%
76%
25%
26%
24%
35%
27%
23%
18%
29%
19%
18%
21%
33%
24%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
It is important to manage this transition
The climate problem is so severe that we need to act aggressively
SEX
75%
62%
77%
77%
74%
89%
75%
68%
76%
73%
79%
74%
25%
38%
23%
23%
26%
11%
25%
32%
24%
27%
21%
26%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
DEVELOP OR STOP RESOURCE ECONOMY?
60%
40%
Canada should continue to develop itsoil and gas resources and get them tomarkets while we are using carbonpricing and other measures to transitionto a lower carbon future
We need to take measures to greatlyslow or stop development andtransmission of oil and gas in Canada, inorder to meet our emissions reductionstargets
Some say that Canada should continue to develop its oil and gas resources and get them to markets while we are using carbon pricing and other measures to transition to a lower carbon future. Others say that we need to take measures to greatly slow or stop development and transmission of oil and gas in Canada, in order to meet our emissions reductions targets. Which view is closer to yours?
DEVELOP OR STOP RESOURCE ECONOMY?
Some say that Canada should continue to develop its oil and gas resources and get them to markets while we are using carbon pricing and other measures to transition to a lower carbon future. Others say that we need to take measures to greatly slow or stop development and transmission of oil and gas in Canada, in order to meet our emissions reductions targets. Which view is closer to yours?
60%
62%
58%
44%
56%
66%
68%
55%
80%
66%
62%
47%
59%
40%
38%
42%
56%
44%
34%
32%
45%
20%
34%
38%
53%
41%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Canada should continue to develop its oil and gas resources
We need to take measures to greatly slow or stop development
SEX
60%
42%
60%
77%
61%
80%
55%
25%
45%
59%
60%
61%
40%
58%
40%
23%
39%
20%
45%
75%
55%
41%
40%
39%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
CARBON PRICING
FAMILIARITY WITH CARBON PRICING REMAINS LIMITED YET SUPPORT IS GROWING.
• Less than half feel familiar with carbon pricing. This hasn’t changed much in three years - the discussion is still largely an elite level discussion.
• People have vague, but directionally accurate ideas of the purpose of a carbon price. Most people are supportive or open to the idea of a carbon price, support is up 7 points over 3 years.
FAMILIARITY WITH CARBON PRICING
10%
32%
40%
12%
6%
Very familiar Pretty familiar Heard about it but don’t really understand it
Know almost nothing about it Never heard of it
Some governments have discussed or implemented a price or a charge on carbon as a way of reducing emissions. Would you say you are …?
18% UNFAMILIAR42% FAMILIAR
FAMILIARITY WITH CARBON PRICING TRACKING
Some governments have discussed or implemented a price or a charge on carbon as a way of reducing emissions. Would you say you are …?
8%
6%
10%
28%
29%
32%
41%
44%
40%
14%
16%
12%
9%
5%
6%
Sept 2015
March 2016
Feb 2018
Very familiar Pretty familiar Heard about it but don’treally understand it
Know almost nothing about it Never heard of it
36% 23%
35% 21%
42% 18%
FAMILIAR UNAWARE
FAMILIARITY WITH CARBON PRICING
Some governments have discussed or implemented a price or a charge on carbon as a way of reducing emissions. Would you say you are …?
10%
13%
7%
13%
11%
9%
8%
12%
22%
10%
8%
6%
9%
32%
36%
27%
29%
27%
31%
38%
32%
40%
31%
31%
29%
28%
40%
38%
42%
33%
40%
42%
42%
41%
30%
45%
43%
36%
45%
12%
8%
16%
14%
15%
13%
8%
9%
6%
10%
10%
22%
13%
6%
5%
8%
11%
7%
4%
4%
5%
3%
4%
7%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Very familiar Pretty familiarHeard about it but don’t really understand it Know almost nothing about itNever heard of it
SEX
10%
12%
9%
22%
10%
17%
9%
8%
10%
7%
11%
12%
32%
33%
31%
37%
38%
40%
30%
36%
23%
24%
33%
38%
40%
40%
41%
29%
39%
34%
41%
38%
51%
45%
38%
37%
12%
10%
13%
7%
9%
5%
12%
13%
16%
13%
13%
10%
6%
6%
6%
5%
4%
3%
7%
5%
0%
11%
5%
4%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
KNOWLEDGE OF PROVINCIAL POLICY
32%
21%
6%
41%
My province already has a carbonprice in place
My provincial government isplanning on doing so
My provincial government is notplanning on doing so
Unsure what the situation is in myprovince
To the best of your knowledge has the provincial government in your province put a carbon price in place already, is planning ondoing so, or is not planning on doing so?
A plurality of Canadians don’t know what approach their province is taking on carbon pricing.
KNOWLEDGE OF PROVINCIAL PRICING POLICY
To the best of your knowledge has the provincial government in your province put a carbon price in place already, is planning ondoing so, or is not planning on doing so?
32%
45%
78%
30%
20%
8%
16%
11%
9%
3%
4%
21%
19%
8%
26%
18%
33%
26%
21%
33%
33%
13%
6%
1%
2%
5%
6%
9%
5%
11%
6%
10%
55%
41%
35%
12%
40%
56%
49%
53%
56%
52%
54%
28%
All
BC
AB
ON
QC
MB
NB
NS
PE
NL
SK
My province already has a carbon price in place My provincial government is planning on doing soMy provincial government is not planning on doing so Unsure what the situation is in my province
PROVINCES W/ PRICING
PROVINCES PLANNING ON IMPLEMENTING A PRICE
PROVINCES NOT PLANNING ON IMPLEMENTING A PRICE
KNOWLEDGE OF PROVINCIAL PRICING POLICY
To the best of your knowledge has the provincial government in your province put a carbon price in place already, is planning ondoing so, or is not planning on doing so?
32%
36%
29%
24%
28%
33%
40%
45%
78%
6%
30%
20%
10%
21%
22%
19%
26%
21%
20%
18%
19%
8%
24%
26%
18%
25%
6%
7%
6%
5%
8%
7%
4%
1%
2%
31%
5%
6%
9%
41%
35%
46%
45%
43%
39%
37%
35%
12%
39%
40%
56%
55%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATLMy province already has a carbon price in placeMy provincial government is planning on doing soMy provincial government is not planning on doing soUnsure what the situation is in my province
SEX
32%
28%
31%
48%
33%
46%
32%
36%
38%
30%
33%
34%
21%
24%
20%
21%
23%
24%
18%
10%
8%
18%
18%
27%
6%
5%
6%
8%
4%
6%
8%
6%
7%
6%
7%
6%
41%
43%
42%
23%
40%
24%
42%
48%
47%
46%
42%
33%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
KNOWLEDGE OF HOME PROVINCE CARBON PRICING SYSTEM
27%
11% 12%
51%
Carbon tax Carbon levy (tax + industrial standard) Cap-and-trade system I’m not entirely sure
Your province currently has a carbon pricing system in place Please select what system your province is using to reduce carbon emissions? n = 1306
KNOWLEDGE OF HOME PROVINCE CARBON PRICING SYSTEM
Your province currently has a carbon pricing system in place Please select what system your province is using to reduce carbon emissions?
27%
28%
25%
30%
21%
28%
28%
35%
59%
19%
17%
11%
13%
8%
10%
16%
12%
5%
14%
14%
8%
11%
12%
15%
9%
9%
13%
10%
14%
2%
4%
18%
10%
51%
44%
58%
51%
50%
50%
53%
49%
23%
54%
62%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Carbon tax Carbon levy (tax + industrial standard)
Cap-and-trade system I’m not entirely sure
SEX
27%
25%
26%
33%
25%
38%
31%
28%
27%
26%
27%
26%
11%
10%
10%
15%
10%
11%
7%
8%
7%
9%
10%
13%
12%
6%
12%
17%
14%
16%
5%
7%
18%
7%
13%
15%
51%
59%
52%
35%
51%
35%
56%
57%
48%
57%
50%
46%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
n = 1306
CARBON TAX VERSUS CAP-AND-TRADE
10%
29%
61%
I have a very good understanding of thedifference
I have a pretty good understanding ofthe difference
I don’t really know the difference between the two
There are a few ways to put a price on carbon emissions One is called a cap-and-trade system while the other is called a carbontax. Which of the following best describes how well you understand the difference between a carbon tax or a cap-and-trade system?
CARBON TAX VERSUS CAP-AND-TRADE
There are a few ways to put a price on carbon emissions One is called a cap-and-trade system while the other is called a carbontax. Which of the following best describes how well you understand the difference between a carbon tax or a cap-and-trade system?
10%
13%
8%
16%
13%
9%
5%
9%
12%
7%
11%
11%
7%
29%
36%
21%
26%
30%
29%
29%
24%
25%
25%
28%
37%
22%
61%
51%
71%
57%
57%
62%
66%
67%
63%
68%
61%
52%
71%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
I have a very good understanding of the differenceI have a pretty good understanding of the differenceI don’t really know the difference between the two
SEX
10%
11%
10%
17%
9%
12%
6%
7%
21%
9%
8%
15%
29%
24%
29%
32%
31%
36%
25%
39%
34%
21%
32%
33%
61%
64%
61%
51%
61%
52%
69%
55%
44%
70%
60%
51%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
THE OBJECTIVES OF CARBON PRICING
KNOWLEDGE OF CARBON PRICING OBJECTIVES IS MIXED.
• Canadians are not entirely clear on the objectives of carbon pricing. Half ranking “changing behavior” in the top two objectives while about one in three think it’s meant to raise revenue or punish polluters.
• Most don’t think carbon taxes are worse than other taxes.
WHAT ARE THE OBJECTIVES OF CARBON PRICING?
What do you think the most important objectives for carbon pricing policy are?
26%
20%
20%
23%
11%
28%
26%
19%
9%
18%
21%
25%
17%
11%
26%
16%
19%
23%
16%
26%
9%
10%
21%
41%
19%
Change the behaviour of businesses and individuals
Create incentives to reduce GHG emissions
Penalize polluters
Generate revenue for government
Spark low-carbon innovation
First Second Third Fourth Fifth
RANKED IN TOP 2
54%
45%
38%
34%
28%
CARBON TAX VERSUS OTHER TAXES
18%
60%
21%
Better
Not really different
Worse
Compared with other taxes that governments might use to collect revenue and achieve policy outcomes (like personal and business income taxes and sales taxes), do you consider a carbon tax to be better, worse, or not really different to how you feel about other taxes?
CARBON TAX VERSUS OTHER TAXES
Compared with other taxes that governments might use to collect revenue and achieve policy outcomes (like personal and business income taxes and sales taxes), do you consider a carbon tax to be better, worse, or not really different to how you feel about other taxes?
18%
21%
16%
28%
16%
17%
15%
20%
12%
12%
16%
27%
18%
60%
57%
64%
52%
65%
62%
60%
64%
52%
55%
61%
62%
59%
21%
22%
20%
21%
19%
21%
24%
16%
36%
32%
23%
11%
23%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Better Not really different Worse
SEX
18%
33%
17%
9%
26%
8%
20%
36%
27%
14%
18%
24%
60%
51%
63%
43%
59%
53%
62%
41%
64%
65%
57%
59%
21%
15%
19%
48%
15%
39%
19%
23%
10%
21%
25%
17%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
CHANGE BEHAVIOUR VS. RAISE REVENUE
For each of the following taxes, do you think its primary purpose is to change behaviour or to raise revenue?
58%
53%
41%
30%
27%
25%
42%
47%
59%
70%
73%
75%
Carbon tax
Taxes on things like alcohol or tobacco
Gas tax
Sales taxes
Personal Income tax
Business Income tax
Change behaviour Raise revenue
CHANGE BEHAVIOUR VS. RAISE REVENUE: CARBON TAX
For each of the following taxes, do you think its primary purpose is to change behaviour or to raise revenue?
58%
58%
57%
66%
56%
56%
55%
62%
52%
56%
57%
58%
62%
42%
42%
43%
34%
44%
44%
45%
38%
48%
44%
43%
42%
38%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Change behaviour Raise revenue
SEX
58%
63%
57%
52%
63%
46%
66%
62%
48%
56%
57%
60%
42%
37%
43%
48%
37%
54%
34%
38%
52%
44%
43%
40%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
POSITION ON CARBON PRICING
MOST THINK CARBON PRICING IS AN ACCEPTABLE IDEA TO DEAL WITH CLIMATE CHANGE
• 46% think carbon pricing is a good idea, up 6 points since 2015. Another 33% feel it’s an acceptable idea.
• Those more familiar with carbon pricing are more polarized on support for carbon pricing.
POSITION ON CARBON PRICING
18%
28%
33%
13%
9%
Very good Good Acceptable Poor Very poor
For economists, the main idea of a carbon price is this: if it costs people and businesses money to generate carbon emissions, they will find ways to save money and reduce emissions. In general, do you think it is a… idea?
22% NEGATIVE78% POSITIVE
POSITION ON CARBON PRICING
For economists, the main idea of a carbon price is this: if it costs people and businesses money to generate carbon emissions, they will find ways to save money and reduce emissions. In general, do you think it is a… idea?
14%
13%
18%
26%
26%
28%
35%
37%
33%
15%
15%
13%
9%
9%
9%
Sept 2015
March 2016
Feb 2018
Very good Good Acceptable Poor Very poor
40% 24%
39% 24%
46% 21%
GOOD IDEA POOR IDEA
POSITION ON CARBON PRICINGBY FAMILIARITY
For economists, the main idea of a carbon price is this: if it costs people and businesses money to generate carbon emissions, they will find ways to save money and reduce emissions. In general, do you think it is a… idea?
24%
14%
13%
30%
28%
20%
20%
39%
49%
13%
13%
3%
14%
6%
5%
Familiar
Heard, but don'tunderstand
Unaware
Very good Good Acceptable Poor Very poor
54% 27%
42% 19%
33% 8%
GOOD IDEA POOR IDEA
POSITION ON CARBON PRICINGBY CLIMATE SEGMENTATION
For economists, the main idea of a carbon price is this: if it costs people and businesses money to generate carbon emissions, they will find ways to save money and reduce emissions. In general, do you think it is a… idea?
32%
8%
5%
34%
26%
10%
24%
40%
31%
6%
18%
16%
3%
7%
39%
Believers
Leaners
Laggards
Very good Good Acceptable Poor Very poor
66% 9%
34% 25%
15% 55%
GOOD IDEA POOR IDEA
POSITION ON CARBON PRICINGBY VIEW ON WHAT CARBON TAX IS MEANT TO DO
For economists, the main idea of a carbon price is this: if it costs people and businesses money to generate carbon emissions, they will find ways to save money and reduce emissions. In general, do you think it is a… idea?
20%
15%
30%
24%
34%
30%
10%
18%
6%
13%
Changebehaviour
Raiserevenue
Very good Good Acceptable Poor Very poor
50% 16%
39% 31%
GOOD IDEA POOR IDEA
POSITION ON CARBON PRICING
For economists, the main idea of a carbon price is this: if it costs people and businesses money to generate carbon emissions, they will find ways to save money and reduce emissions. In general, do you think it is a… idea?
18%
17%
19%
21%
16%
17%
18%
15%
14%
17%
16%
25%
20%
28%
30%
25%
28%
25%
31%
27%
30%
24%
20%
27%
31%
28%
33%
28%
37%
36%
38%
30%
28%
37%
27%
32%
32%
33%
32%
13%
13%
13%
9%
12%
13%
16%
11%
19%
17%
13%
9%
12%
9%
12%
6%
6%
9%
9%
12%
8%
16%
15%
11%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Very good Good Acceptable Poor Very poor
SEX
18%
33%
16%
12%
22%
9%
18%
34%
28%
16%
18%
20%
28%
28%
28%
19%
36%
18%
29%
34%
32%
24%
30%
29%
33%
25%
35%
21%
27%
24%
34%
20%
26%
37%
27%
35%
13%
7%
13%
17%
11%
24%
12%
8%
6%
14%
15%
10%
9%
6%
7%
31%
5%
24%
7%
4%
8%
10%
11%
6%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
DOES CARBON PRICING WORK AS INTENDED?
CONFIDENCE THAT CARBON PRICING WILL WORK AS INTENDED IS MIXED.
• 47% think it might only cause the cost of living to go up without changing energy use. But when probed on a series of possible specific reactions large majorities think behaviour would occur.
• 62% think it’s possible to do carbon pricing in a way that will not harm the economy, and 57% think by pricing carbon, Canada will end up with a stronger economy compared to places that don’t. 43% say our economy could end up weaker than other places.
EFFECTS OF CARBON PRICE ON ENERGY USE
53%
47%
If it is more expensive to emit carbon,businesses and consumers will findways to avoid paying more throughusing energy differently and usingmore renewable energy
It will simply increase the cost of doing business and living, and that energy use won’t change
Do you believe that if it is more expensive to emit carbon, businesses and consumers will find ways to avoid paying more through using energy differently and using more renewable energy, or do you feel that it will simply increase the cost of doing business?
EFFECTS OF CARBON PRICE ON ENERGY USEBY CLIMATE SEGMENTATION
Do you believe that if it is more expensive to emit carbon, businesses and consumers will find ways to avoid paying more through using energy differently and using more renewable energy, or do you feel that it will simply increase the cost of doing business?
65%
51%
36%
35%
49%
64%
Believers
Leaners
Laggards
If it is more expensive to emit carbon, businesses and consumers will find ways to avoidpaying more through using energy differently and using more renewable energyIt will simply increase the cost of doing business and living, and that energy use won’t change
EFFECTS OF CARBON PRICE ON ENERGY USEBY POSITION ON CARBON PRICING
Do you believe that if it is more expensive to emit carbon, businesses and consumers will find ways to avoid paying more through using energy differently and using more renewable energy, or do you feel that it will simply increase the cost of doing business?
74%
52%
13%
26%
48%
87%
Good idea
Acceptable idea
Poor idea
If it is more expensive to emit carbon, businesses and consumers will find ways to avoidpaying more through using energy differently and using more renewable energyIt will simply increase the cost of doing business and living, and that energy use won’t change
EFFECTS OF CARBON PRICE ON ENERGY USE
Do you believe that if it is more expensive to emit carbon, businesses and consumers will find ways to avoid paying more through using energy differently and using more renewable energy, or do you feel that it will simply increase the cost of doing business?
53%
52%
54%
59%
50%
54%
51%
54%
36%
39%
54%
63%
54%
47%
48%
46%
41%
50%
46%
49%
46%
64%
61%
46%
37%
46%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Businesses and consumers will find ways to avoid paying more through using energy differently
Energy use won't change
SEX
53%
61%
54%
31%
64%
35%
50%
68%
62%
49%
52%
60%
47%
39%
46%
69%
36%
65%
50%
32%
38%
51%
48%
40%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
EFFECTS OF MAKING CARBON MORE EXPENSIVE
How likely do you think it is that by making it more expensive to create carbon pollution that…?
20%
17%
16%
15%
15%
15%
29%
30%
29%
28%
26%
28%
36%
34%
35%
37%
39%
38%
11%
13%
15%
14%
14%
14%
2%
3%
4%
4%
4%
5%
Those who design and build buildings will find ways to create moreenergy efficient buildings
A market for energy efficient products will grow more quickly
Energy technology breakthroughs will be developed more quickly
People will think harder about how to save money by reducing theirenergy use or using more renewable energy
Transportation systems and vehicle manufacturers will find ways tohelp reduce pollution
Companies will work at improving their processes to save money andreduce emissions
Certainly Very likely Likely Unlikely Very unlikely Certainly not
POSSIBILITY OF DOING NO ECONOMIC HARM
9%
16%
37%
23%
9%7%
Certainly Very likely Likely Unlikely Very unlikely Certainly not
Do you think it is possible to price carbon emissions in such a way that emissions come down, without harming the economy?
38% Harm to Economy62% No Harm to Economy
POSSIBILITY OF DOING NO ECONOMIC HARM
Do you think it is possible to price carbon emissions in such a way that emissions come down, without harming the economy?
9%
9%
15%
16%
38%
37%
23%
23%
9%
9%
6%
7%
Sept 2015
>
Feb 2018
Certainly Very Likely Likely Unlikely Very unlikely Certainly not
NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE SINCE 2015
POSSIBILITY OF DOING NO ECONOMIC HARM
Do you think it is possible to price carbon emissions in such a way that emissions come down, without harming the economy?
9%
9%
8%
12%
6%
7%
10%
9%
7%
8%
7%
12%
11%
16%
17%
15%
18%
15%
17%
15%
16%
15%
12%
15%
19%
16%
37%
34%
39%
38%
41%
36%
32%
39%
27%
32%
37%
41%
38%
23%
21%
25%
20%
24%
25%
25%
23%
27%
29%
24%
19%
25%
9%
11%
6%
8%
7%
8%
10%
8%
12%
9%
10%
7%
8%
6%
5%
6%
6%
9%
4%
12%
9%
8%
3%
6%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Certainly Very likely Likely Unlikely Very unlikely Certainly not
SEX
9%
15%
8%
6%
9%
4%
10%
16%
23%
9%
8%
9%
16%
22%
16%
12%
20%
13%
13%
15%
14%
14%
16%
19%
37%
31%
39%
23%
40%
27%
38%
41%
26%
38%
34%
40%
23%
20%
24%
21%
23%
24%
23%
21%
27%
23%
26%
21%
9%
6%
8%
13%
6%
15%
11%
4%
6%
9%
9%
7%
7%
7%
5%
25%
3%
17%
5%
3%
5%
7%
8%
4%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
IMPACT ON CANADIAN ECONOMY
57%
43%A stronger economy
A weaker economy
Do you think by pricing carbon emissions Canada will end up with a stronger economy compared to countries that don’t embrace this policy, or a weaker economy?
IMPACT ON CANADIAN ECONOMY
Do you think by pricing carbon emissions Canada will end up with a stronger economy compared to countries that don’t embrace this policy, or a weaker economy?
57%
54%
60%
61%
54%
58%
57%
67%
44%
50%
53%
67%
61%
43%
46%
40%
39%
46%
42%
43%
33%
56%
50%
47%
33%
39%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
A stronger economy A weaker economy
SEX
57%
69%
58%
33%
67%
36%
60%
61%
79%
60%
51%
63%
43%
31%
42%
67%
33%
64%
40%
39%
21%
40%
49%
37%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
IMPACT OF CARBON PRICINGTHOSE LIVING IN A PROVINCE WITH A CARBON PRICE IN PLACE VERSUS THOSE LIVING IN ONE WITHOUT A PRICE.
PERCEIVED IMPACT OF CARBON PRICING IN PROVINCES
• Few perceive negative impacts from carbon pricing in those provinces where it is in place. But conviction that it has had really positive effects is also limited.
• In many cases the plurality say they have seen no real impact.
IMPACT ON HOME PROVINCETHOSE IN PROVINCE WITH A PRICE
In your province there is currently a system to price carbon emissions. In your view, has this policy in your province had a positive, a negative or no real effect on each of the following?
41%
37%
33%
25%
25%
23%
14%
49%
52%
56%
55%
54%
59%
43%
10%
11%
11%
20%
21%
19%
43%
The amount of innovation to find ways to change energy anduse lower carbon energy
The amount of effort businesses put into reducing emissions
The amount of effort consumers put into reducing emissions
The competitiveness of your provincial economy
The overall performance of the provincial economy
The number of jobs created
Your cost of living
A positive No real effect A negative
n = 1306
IMPACT ON HOME PROVINCEBY TYPE OF PRICE AND LENGTH POLICY IN PLACE
n = 1306In your province there is currently a system to price carbon emissions. In your view, has this policy in your province had a positive, a negative or no real effect on each of the following?
25%
15%
41%
35%
23%
12%
29%
29%
32%
12%
33%
33%
54%
45%
48%
53%
54%
38%
60%
53%
58%
45%
59%
61%
21%
40%
11%
12%
23%
50%
11%
9%
10%
43%
7%
5%
Overall performance of the provincial economy
Your cost of living
Effort businesses put into reducing emissions
Effort consumers put into reducing emissions
Overall performance of the provincial economy
Your cost of living
Effort businesses put into reducing emissions
Effort consumers put into reducing emissions
Overall performance of the provincial economy
Your cost of living
Effort businesses put into reducing emissions
Effort consumers put into reducing emissions
Positive No impact Negative
PROVINCES WITH CAP & TRADE (ONTARIO & QUEBEC)
PROVINCES WITH TAX OR LEVY (BC & ALBERTA)
PROVINCE WITH A CARBON PRICE FOR LONGER TIME (BC ONLY)
+4
-25
+30
+23
-
-38
+18
+20
+22
-31
+26
+28
NET IMPACT
IMPACT ON OTHER PROVINCESTHOSE IN PROVINCE WITHOUT A PRICE
There is currently a carbon price in place in 4 provinces (including Alberta, Quebec, Ontario and BC) but not yet in yours If your provincial government introduced a carbon price, do you believe this would have a positive, no real effect, or negative effect on…?
53%
48%
41%
30%
30%
29%
15%
38%
41%
48%
45%
41%
44%
29%
10%
11%
10%
25%
28%
27%
55%
The amount of innovation to find ways to change energy anduse lower carbon energy
The amount of effort businesses put into reducing emissions
The amount of effort consumers put into reducing emissions
The number of jobs created
The overall performance of the provincial economy
The competitiveness of your provincial economy
Your cost of living
A positive No real effect A negative
n = 941
THE POLITICS OF CARBON PRICINGDOES IT IMPACT VOTES?
CARBON PRICING CAN GAIN MORE VOTES THAN IT CAN LOSE
• 37% prefer to vote for a candidate who promises to price carbon compared to 26% who prefer a candidate opposed to a price on carbon.
• 37% said it would have no impact on their vote.
THE POLITICAL POWER OF CARBON PRICING
7%
30%
37%
18%
8%
Only vote for a candidatewho believes in putting a
price on carbon
Prefer to vote for acandidate that supports
putting a price on carbon
The issue would have noimpact on my vote
Prefer to vote for acandidate that is opposed
to putting a price oncarbon
Only vote for a candidatewho is opposed to putting
a price on carbon
When it comes to how these questions affect how you will vote in the future, which of the following best describes you?
CARBON PRICE PUSHES FOR 26%
CARBON PRICE PULLS FOR 37%
THE POLITICAL POWER OF CARBON PRICINGBY CLIMATE SEGMENTATION
When it comes to how these questions affect how you will vote in the future, which of the following best describes you?
12%
4%
2%
43%
25%
6%
33%
40%
36%
11%
24%
19%
2%
7%
37%
Believers
Leaners
Laggards
Only vote for price Prefer to vote for price No impact
Prefer to vote against price Only vote against price
55% 13%
29% 31%
8% 56%
PULL VOTES PUSHES VOTES
THE POLITICAL POWER OF CARBON PRICING
When it comes to how these questions affect how you will vote in the future, which of the following best describes you?
7%
8%
7%
16%
4%
6%
5%
8%
6%
7%
7%
9%
4%
30%
32%
29%
35%
31%
30%
27%
35%
22%
21%
28%
37%
33%
37%
30%
43%
30%
38%
37%
39%
38%
27%
37%
36%
39%
42%
18%
19%
16%
15%
19%
19%
17%
15%
28%
23%
19%
11%
15%
8%
12%
5%
4%
8%
8%
12%
4%
16%
12%
10%
3%
6%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Only vote for a pro carbon pricing candidate Prefer to vote for a pro carbon pricing candidate
No impact Prefer to vote for an anti carbon pricing candidate
Only vote for an anti carbon pricing candidate
SEX
7%
15%
6%
9%
10%
2%
5%
17%
16%
9%
4%
9%
30%
36%
31%
14%
41%
18%
28%
32%
34%
21%
30%
40%
37%
30%
38%
25%
30%
28%
44%
29%
38%
46%
36%
27%
18%
15%
18%
18%
14%
30%
14%
15%
7%
16%
20%
17%
8%
4%
6%
34%
4%
23%
8%
6%
5%
9%
9%
7%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
REVENUE RECYLING PREFERENCES
REVENUE RECYCLING
• If revenue is used to fund health or education, cut taxes, provide incentives to consumers to change behavior, or to invest in R&D, a majority of Canadians would be more supportive of carbon pricing.
• Among those who think it’s a poor idea to price carbon, a corresponding tax cut would make 6 in 10 more supportive of it.
CARBON PRICING REVENUE RECECYLING
Governments can do different things with the revenue generated from putting a price on carbon emissions For each of the following, please indicate if the idea makes you more supportive, no impact, or more opposed?
60%
57%
57%
56%
53%
45%
37%
31%
31%
36%
36%
38%
42%
41%
9%
12%
7%
7%
9%
13%
22%
Use the money to help fund improvements in health care or education
Giving the money back to citizens in the form of a dividend or cuttingtaxes by an amount equal to the amount raised by the carbon price
Providing financial incentives to make it less costly for consumers tochange their energy habits
Investing the money in research and development and clean technologies
Investing the money raised in infrastructure like public transit, railnetworks, the electricity grid, roads and bridges
Providing financial support to ease the transition and support the jobs insectors that are the largest emitters of greenhouse gases
Using the money to pay down government debt
More supportive No impact More opposed
CARBON PRICING REVENUE RECECYLINGAMONG THOSE WHO SAY CARBON PRICE IS AN ACCEPTABLE IDEA
Governments can do different things with the revenue generated from putting a price on carbon emissions For each of the following, please indicate if the idea makes you more supportive, no impact, or more opposed?
57%
52%
51%
50%
47%
38%
38%
36%
39%
43%
44%
44%
49%
44%
7%
8%
6%
7%
9%
13%
18%
Use the money to help fund improvements in health care or education
Giving the money back to citizens in the form of a dividend or cuttingtaxes by an amount equal to the amount raised by the carbon price
Providing financial incentives to make it less costly for consumers tochange their energy habits
Investing the money in research and development and clean technologies
Investing the money raised in infrastructure like public transit, railnetworks, the electricity grid, roads and bridges
Providing financial support to ease the transition and support the jobs insectors that are the largest emitters of greenhouse gases
Using the money to pay down government debt
More supportive No impact More opposed
CARBON PRICING REVENUE RECECYLINGAMONG THOSE WHO SAY CARBON PRICE IS A POOR IDEA
Governments can do different things with the revenue generated from putting a price on carbon emissions For each of the following, please indicate if the idea makes you more supportive, no impact, or more opposed?
63%
49%
46%
39%
38%
32%
30%
22%
36%
40%
48%
48%
39%
50%
15%
14%
14%
13%
14%
28%
21%
Giving the money back to citizens in the form of a dividend or cuttingtaxes by an amount equal to the amount raised by the carbon price
Use the money to help fund improvements in health care or education
Providing financial incentives to make it less costly for consumers tochange their energy habits
Investing the money in research and development and clean technologies
Investing the money raised in infrastructure like public transit, railnetworks, the electricity grid, roads and bridges
Using the money to pay down government debt
Providing financial support to ease the transition and support the jobs insectors that are the largest emitters of greenhouse gases
More supportive No impact More opposed
CARBON PRICING REVENUE RECECYLINGAMONG THOSE WHO SAY CARBON PRICE WON’T IMPACT THEIR VOTE
Governments can do different things with the revenue generated from putting a price on carbon emissions For each of the following, please indicate if the idea makes you more supportive, no impact, or more opposed?
62%
57%
53%
52%
51%
40%
36%
33%
37%
43%
44%
44%
50%
47%
5%
6%
4%
4%
6%
10%
17%
Use the money to help fund improvements in health care or education
Giving the money back to citizens in the form of a dividend or cuttingtaxes by an amount equal to the amount raised by the carbon price
Providing financial incentives to make it less costly for consumers tochange their energy habits
Investing the money in research and development and clean technologies
Investing the money raised in infrastructure like public transit, railnetworks, the electricity grid, roads and bridges
Providing financial support to ease the transition and support the jobs insectors that are the largest emitters of greenhouse gases
Using the money to pay down government debt
More supportive No impact More opposed
Rank your top three preferred ways of using the money generated by carbon pricing.
27%
19%
11%
11%
16%
7%
10%
16%
19%
17%
16%
13%
12%
7%
13%
17%
17%
18%
13%
14%
8%
44%
46%
55%
55%
58%
68%
75%
Giving the money back to citizens in the form of a dividend or cuttingtaxes by an amount equal to the amount raised by the carbon price
Use the money to help fund improvements in health care or education
Providing financial incentives to make it less costly for consumers tochange their energy habits
Investing the money raised in infrastructure like public transit, railnetworks, the electricity grid, roads and bridges
Investing the money in research and development and cleantechnologies
Providing financial support to ease the transition and support the jobsin sectors that are the largest emitters of greenhouse gases
Using the money to pay down government debt
First Second Third Not Ranked
CARBON PRICING REVENUE RECYCLING RANKING
FEDERAL CARBON PRICING POLICY
FEDERAL CARBON PRICING POLICY
• Almost half of Canadians have not heard about the federal government’s approach to carbon pricing. Only 9% are very familiar with it.
• Among those in a province without a provincial carbon price, a majority support or could accept the federal government implementing a carbon tax on their province (65%) while 35% are opposed. Opposition was highest in SK.
FAMILIARITY WITH FEDERAL CARBON PRICING POLICY
9%
43%
48% Very familiar
Somewhat familiar
Have not heard about this before
The Federal Government has said that it will implement a carbon tax in provinces that do not have their own carbon pricing policy at the end of this year, in order to set a minimum standard to reduce emissions across the country How familiar are you with this plan?
FAMILIARITY WITH FEDERAL CARBON PRICING POLICY
The Federal Government has said that it will implement a carbon tax in provinces that do not have their own carbon pricing policy at the end of this year, in order to set a minimum standard to reduce emissions across the country How familiar are you with this plan?
9%
12%
6%
14%
10%
6%
7%
9%
12%
11%
7%
9%
10%
43%
46%
40%
43%
42%
42%
45%
48%
57%
50%
45%
28%
46%
48%
42%
54%
42%
48%
52%
49%
43%
32%
38%
48%
63%
45%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Very familiar Somewhat familiar Have not heard about this before
SEX
9%
9%
7%
22%
8%
14%
4%
10%
10%
8%
7%
12%
43%
45%
43%
42%
49%
50%
42%
40%
28%
38%
45%
47%
48%
46%
50%
36%
43%
36%
53%
49%
62%
55%
48%
41%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
POSITION ON FEDERALLY IMPOSED CARBON TAXPROVINCES WITHOUT A CARBON PRICE CURRENTLY
9%
17%
39%
18% 17%
Strongly support Support Can accept Oppose Strongly oppose
Do you support or oppose the federal government implementing a carbon tax if your province does not put one in place?
35% NEGATIVE65% POSITIVE
n = 941
POSITION ON FEDERALLY IMPOSED CARBON TAXPROVINCES WITHOUT A CARBON PRICE CURRENTLY
Do you support or oppose the federal government implementing a carbon tax if your province does not put one in place?
9%
10%
8%
15%
8%
6%
8%
8%
10%
17%
18%
17%
23%
19%
11%
17%
15%
19%
39%
36%
42%
40%
45%
41%
32%
35%
43%
18%
16%
19%
14%
13%
21%
21%
21%
15%
17%
20%
14%
8%
15%
20%
23%
22%
13%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
SK/MB
ATL
Strongly support Support Can accept Oppose Strongly oppose
SEX
9%
20%
7%
8%
10%
3%
13%
9%
7%
8%
13%
17%
22%
17%
11%
26%
4%
12%
15%
13%
18%
22%
39%
33%
42%
19%
38%
27%
44%
49%
39%
40%
38%
18%
15%
18%
17%
16%
24%
18%
15%
21%
16%
15%
17%
10%
16%
46%
10%
42%
12%
13%
20%
18%
11%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
n = 941
FEDERAL AND PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE REDUCING EMISSIONS
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT RATING
2%
14%
49%
24%
10%
Excellent job Good job Acceptable job Poor job Terrible job
When it comes to handling the challenge of how to reduce carbon emissions, how well do you think the federal government is doing?
34% NEGATIVE66% POSITIVE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT RATING
When it comes to handling the challenge of how to reduce carbon emissions, how well do you think the federal government is doing?
5%
14%
16%
13%
15%
17%
16%
10%
14%
12%
12%
15%
15%
12%
49%
45%
54%
51%
49%
50%
48%
57%
42%
45%
46%
54%
54%
24%
24%
25%
23%
22%
24%
28%
19%
28%
27%
27%
21%
23%
10%
13%
7%
6%
9%
9%
14%
7%
16%
14%
11%
7%
9%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Excellent job Good job Acceptable job Poor job Terrible job
SEX
10%
14%
19%
14%
14%
22%
8%
9%
6%
13%
12%
18%
49%
37%
53%
32%
53%
37%
56%
43%
42%
48%
47%
54%
24%
28%
24%
19%
17%
29%
26%
37%
27%
27%
26%
19%
10%
12%
7%
32%
5%
24%
9%
15%
22%
10%
13%
7%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT RATING
3%
15%
45%
25%
12%
Excellent job Good job Acceptable job Poor job Terrible job
How about how your provincial government is doing?
37% NEGATIVE63% POSITIVE
PROVINCE RATING
How about how your provincial government is doing?
7%
7%
15%
16%
14%
13%
16%
17%
13%
19%
16%
15%
12%
18%
8%
45%
41%
50%
51%
46%
41%
45%
53%
31%
43%
43%
53%
44%
25%
25%
25%
18%
24%
27%
30%
20%
28%
26%
28%
20%
35%
12%
15%
8%
11%
12%
12%
12%
5%
21%
9%
15%
6%
12%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Excellent job Good job Acceptable job Poor job Terrible job
SEX
10%
15%
15%
15%
14%
20%
10%
13%
5%
15%
14%
13%
18%
45%
34%
49%
28%
48%
29%
52%
46%
52%
46%
42%
48%
25%
34%
25%
20%
22%
32%
25%
29%
17%
27%
28%
20%
12%
12%
9%
34%
8%
27%
9%
20%
6%
10%
15%
10%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
APPENDIXADDITIONAL CROSSTABS
CHANGE BEHAVIOUR VS. RAISE REVENUE: PERSONAL INCOME TAX
For each of the following taxes, do you think its primary purpose is to change behaviour or to raise revenue?
27%
26%
29%
34%
32%
28%
19%
27%
25%
27%
30%
26%
27%
73%
74%
71%
66%
68%
72%
81%
73%
75%
73%
70%
74%
73%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Change behaviour Raise revenue
SEX
27%
25%
27%
32%
22%
22%
29%
24%
16%
33%
25%
25%
73%
75%
73%
68%
78%
78%
71%
76%
84%
67%
75%
75%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
CHANGE BEHAVIOUR VS. RAISE REVENUE: BUSINESS INCOME TAX
For each of the following taxes, do you think its primary purpose is to change behaviour or to raise revenue?
25%
23%
26%
34%
29%
22%
16%
19%
23%
25%
28%
24%
23%
75%
77%
74%
66%
71%
78%
84%
81%
77%
75%
72%
76%
77%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Change behaviour Raise revenue
SEX
25%
25%
24%
25%
19%
18%
27%
27%
11%
32%
21%
21%
75%
75%
76%
75%
81%
82%
73%
73%
89%
68%
79%
79%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
CHANGE BEHAVIOUR VS. RAISE REVENUE: SALES TAX
For each of the following taxes, do you think its primary purpose is to change behaviour or to raise revenue?
30%
29%
30%
41%
34%
28%
19%
30%
26%
28%
31%
31%
26%
70%
71%
70%
59%
66%
72%
81%
70%
74%
72%
69%
69%
74%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Change behaviour Raise revenue
SEX
30%
24%
30%
33%
26%
21%
32%
19%
16%
36%
26%
28%
70%
76%
70%
67%
74%
79%
68%
81%
84%
64%
74%
72%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
CHANGE BEHAVIOUR VS. RAISE REVENUE: GAS TAX
For each of the following taxes, do you think its primary purpose is to change behaviour or to raise revenue?
41%
41%
41%
51%
45%
39%
31%
44%
37%
38%
42%
41%
35%
59%
59%
59%
49%
55%
61%
69%
56%
63%
62%
58%
59%
65%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Change behaviour Raise revenue
SEX
41%
47%
40%
38%
40%
31%
43%
38%
42%
46%
38%
38%
59%
53%
60%
62%
60%
69%
57%
62%
58%
54%
62%
62%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
CHANGE BEHAVIOUR VS. RAISE REVENUE: TAXES ON THINGS LIKE ALCOHOL OR TOBACCO
For each of the following taxes, do you think its primary purpose is to change behaviour or to raise revenue?
53%
51%
56%
60%
56%
54%
46%
54%
57%
53%
52%
54%
52%
47%
49%
44%
40%
44%
46%
54%
46%
43%
47%
48%
46%
48%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Change behaviour Raise revenue
SEX
53%
59%
53%
53%
57%
46%
55%
60%
53%
51%
54%
55%
47%
41%
47%
47%
43%
54%
45%
40%
47%
49%
46%
45%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
RANKING CARBON PRICING POLICY OBJECTIVES: CHANGE THE BEHAVIOUR OF BUSINESSES AND INDIVIDUALS
What do you think the most important objectives for carbon pricing policy are?
26%
26%
25%
28%
26%
24%
27%
26%
24%
29%
25%
25%
30%
28%
27%
29%
29%
24%
31%
29%
24%
27%
28%
28%
31%
27%
21%
20%
22%
16%
24%
21%
22%
21%
21%
21%
20%
22%
22%
16%
17%
15%
18%
15%
17%
14%
19%
17%
14%
17%
13%
14%
9%
10%
9%
10%
12%
8%
8%
9%
12%
8%
9%
9%
7%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
1 2 3 4 5
SEX
26%
31%
27%
10%
30%
17%
31%
32%
32%
25%
23%
32%
28%
21%
29%
28%
27%
31%
24%
28%
18%
28%
28%
28%
21%
25%
19%
34%
19%
24%
24%
15%
37%
23%
23%
17%
16%
16%
16%
14%
16%
15%
15%
21%
13%
16%
17%
13%
9%
6%
9%
14%
7%
12%
7%
5%
0%
8%
10%
10%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
RANKING CARBON PRICING POLICY OBJECTIVES: CREATE INCENTIVES TO REDUCE GHG EMISSIONS
What do you think the most important objectives for carbon pricing policy are?
20%
17%
23%
21%
18%
20%
22%
20%
17%
18%
18%
25%
19%
26%
26%
26%
27%
25%
24%
26%
26%
22%
27%
26%
26%
28%
25%
27%
23%
21%
24%
28%
26%
25%
27%
25%
24%
26%
25%
19%
20%
18%
20%
21%
19%
17%
18%
24%
21%
20%
16%
17%
10%
10%
10%
11%
12%
9%
8%
10%
10%
8%
12%
7%
11%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
1 2 3 4 5
SEX
20%
17%
21%
19%
23%
15%
21%
23%
8%
18%
19%
24%
26%
34%
25%
19%
29%
21%
24%
36%
44%
27%
25%
25%
25%
25%
26%
20%
24%
26%
25%
29%
27%
24%
25%
25%
19%
19%
18%
28%
16%
23%
22%
9%
18%
20%
20%
17%
10%
5%
10%
15%
8%
15%
8%
3%
3%
11%
11%
9%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
RANKING CARBON PRICING POLICY OBJECTIVES: SPARK LOW CARBON INNOVATION
What do you think the most important objectives for carbon pricing policy are?
11%
11%
11%
11%
10%
13%
10%
11%
9%
8%
12%
10%
11%
18%
18%
17%
19%
19%
16%
18%
16%
21%
17%
18%
17%
19%
26%
23%
29%
27%
21%
25%
32%
27%
26%
28%
23%
30%
28%
26%
27%
25%
23%
29%
26%
26%
27%
25%
26%
26%
27%
26%
19%
20%
17%
20%
21%
20%
14%
19%
20%
20%
20%
15%
17%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
1 2 3 4 5
SEX
11%
11%
11%
9%
12%
6%
10%
12%
22%
10%
11%
12%
18%
20%
18%
13%
19%
15%
20%
18%
16%
17%
18%
19%
26%
27%
27%
22%
32%
23%
25%
24%
9%
29%
25%
25%
26%
24%
26%
31%
22%
29%
24%
29%
33%
27%
27%
25%
19%
18%
18%
25%
15%
26%
20%
17%
21%
18%
20%
19%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
RANKING CARBON PRICING POLICY OBJECTIVES: PENALIZE POLLUTERS
What do you think the most important objectives for carbon pricing policy are?
20%
20%
20%
23%
20%
20%
17%
19%
12%
17%
19%
26%
21%
19%
20%
19%
17%
20%
20%
20%
23%
21%
20%
19%
18%
19%
17%
17%
16%
19%
18%
17%
13%
13%
17%
17%
20%
13%
13%
23%
21%
25%
24%
21%
20%
26%
22%
20%
24%
22%
25%
26%
21%
22%
20%
17%
20%
23%
23%
22%
29%
22%
20%
18%
21%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
1 2 3 4 5
SEX
20%
20%
20%
23%
18%
16%
18%
9%
21%
24%
21%
14%
19%
17%
19%
24%
16%
25%
24%
18%
21%
18%
21%
19%
17%
16%
17%
9%
17%
17%
10%
24%
22%
15%
18%
18%
23%
23%
23%
19%
28%
22%
22%
20%
7%
23%
19%
28%
21%
24%
21%
24%
22%
20%
26%
29%
28%
20%
22%
22%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
CARBON PRICING POLICY OBJECTIVES: GENERATE REVENUE FOR GOVERNMENT
What do you think the most important objectives for carbon pricing policy are?
23%
26%
20%
17%
26%
23%
25%
23%
38%
28%
25%
13%
19%
9%
9%
9%
9%
12%
9%
7%
10%
9%
8%
10%
9%
7%
11%
13%
9%
17%
13%
10%
7%
13%
10%
9%
12%
8%
12%
16%
15%
17%
15%
14%
18%
16%
14%
14%
15%
15%
19%
16%
41%
37%
44%
42%
35%
40%
46%
40%
29%
41%
38%
51%
45%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
1 2 3 4 5
SEX
23%
21%
22%
39%
17%
46%
20%
24%
17%
23%
27%
19%
9%
8%
8%
17%
9%
7%
8%
1%
0%
11%
8%
9%
11%
6%
11%
14%
8%
9%
16%
8%
5%
9%
10%
14%
16%
17%
17%
8%
18%
11%
16%
21%
30%
14%
17%
17%
41%
47%
42%
22%
48%
27%
40%
45%
48%
43%
38%
41%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
EFFECTS OF CARBON TAX: ENERGY TECH BREAKTHROUGHS DEVELOP MORE QUICKLY
How likely do you think it is that by making it more expensive to create carbon pollution that…?
16%
16%
16%
20%
15%
13%
18%
17%
11%
11%
15%
21%
18%
29%
31%
26%
22%
26%
31%
34%
29%
26%
24%
28%
31%
32%
35%
33%
37%
37%
37%
38%
30%
33%
39%
38%
35%
35%
34%
15%
14%
16%
14%
18%
13%
14%
17%
18%
19%
16%
10%
12%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Certainly Very likely Likely Unlikely Very unlikely Certainly not
SEX
16%
25%
15%
13%
22%
10%
12%
28%
13%
17%
15%
17%
29%
26%
29%
27%
35%
26%
29%
41%
35%
25%
28%
33%
35%
36%
36%
26%
33%
28%
34%
22%
30%
38%
34%
33%
15%
8%
16%
17%
9%
23%
19%
6%
13%
15%
17%
12%
9%
8%
10%
9%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
EFFECTS OF CARBON TAX: PEOPLE WILL THINK HARDER ABOUT HOW TO REDUCE ENERGY
How likely do you think it is that by making it more expensive to create carbon pollution that…?
15%
13%
17%
22%
13%
15%
12%
12%
14%
15%
13%
18%
22%
28%
27%
28%
23%
25%
30%
31%
29%
20%
22%
27%
33%
31%
37%
38%
37%
35%
39%
37%
38%
42%
36%
38%
37%
37%
32%
14%
14%
14%
14%
16%
12%
14%
13%
20%
18%
15%
10%
12%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Certainly Very likely Likely Unlikely Very unlikely Certainly not
SEX
15%
22%
14%
15%
17%
9%
10%
24%
5%
16%
14%
15%
28%
25%
29%
17%
34%
19%
31%
37%
26%
25%
27%
32%
37%
35%
38%
37%
33%
39%
39%
33%
33%
39%
39%
33%
14%
11%
14%
16%
13%
18%
17%
3%
21%
13%
15%
14%
6%
10%
16%
8%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
EFFECTS OF CARBON TAX: COMPANIES WILL IMPROVE PROCESS TO SAVE MONEY
How likely do you think it is that by making it more expensive to create carbon pollution that…?
15%
13%
16%
17%
11%
15%
15%
13%
10%
14%
15%
17%
16%
28%
29%
26%
24%
27%
28%
31%
28%
25%
22%
25%
34%
29%
38%
38%
38%
36%
38%
42%
35%
41%
44%
41%
36%
35%
35%
14%
13%
14%
15%
18%
11%
13%
13%
16%
18%
14%
11%
16%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Certainly Very likely Likely Unlikely Very unlikely Certainly not
SEX
15%
18%
14%
11%
18%
8%
11%
19%
23%
14%
14%
15%
28%
27%
28%
25%
30%
26%
28%
31%
23%
26%
25%
32%
38%
38%
38%
32%
37%
35%
43%
40%
23%
38%
40%
33%
14%
9%
14%
18%
11%
19%
11%
2%
16%
15%
12%
15%
7%
8%
16%
8%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
EFFECTS OF CARBON TAX: MARKET FOR EFFICIENT PRODUCTS WILL GROW MORE QUICKLY
How likely do you think it is that by making it more expensive to create carbon pollution that…?
17%
18%
17%
19%
14%
16%
19%
17%
13%
14%
17%
18%
23%
30%
31%
29%
28%
30%
32%
31%
34%
29%
24%
29%
33%
31%
34%
33%
35%
33%
38%
34%
33%
35%
33%
40%
35%
34%
31%
13%
12%
14%
12%
15%
14%
11%
11%
19%
16%
13%
12%
11%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Certainly Very likely Likely Unlikely Very unlikely Certainly not
SEX
17%
20%
17%
19%
23%
12%
16%
26%
10%
16%
18%
18%
30%
35%
30%
22%
40%
24%
27%
30%
28%
30%
28%
33%
34%
28%
36%
30%
28%
32%
39%
38%
31%
37%
33%
34%
13%
12%
14%
12%
8%
20%
13%
5%
17%
13%
15%
11%
7%
6%
10%
11%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
EFFECTS OF CARBON TAX: TRANSPORTATION / VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS WILL REDUCE POLLUTION
How likely do you think it is that by making it more expensive to create carbon pollution that…?
15%
15%
14%
15%
11%
15%
18%
13%
12%
12%
13%
20%
18%
26%
26%
27%
22%
25%
28%
29%
26%
25%
27%
25%
28%
28%
39%
39%
39%
40%
39%
39%
38%
47%
39%
39%
38%
37%
35%
14%
12%
15%
15%
18%
12%
10%
11%
16%
16%
17%
9%
14%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Certainly Very likely Likely Unlikely Very unlikely Certainly not
SEX
15%
17%
15%
13%
17%
9%
11%
22%
27%
16%
12%
16%
26%
25%
27%
21%
32%
24%
27%
40%
20%
25%
28%
26%
39%
39%
40%
32%
36%
38%
41%
26%
26%
39%
39%
39%
14%
12%
14%
17%
12%
17%
15%
4%
11%
14%
14%
12%
4%
6%
16%
12%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION
EFFECTS OF CARBON TAX: MORE ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS
How likely do you think it is that by making it more expensive to create carbon pollution that…?
20%
18%
22%
22%
15%
22%
21%
23%
18%
16%
19%
21%
25%
29%
29%
28%
21%
28%
29%
35%
29%
30%
26%
28%
31%
31%
36%
38%
35%
38%
37%
37%
32%
36%
34%
41%
38%
35%
30%
11%
10%
12%
13%
15%
9%
9%
10%
15%
11%
11%
11%
12%
All
Male
Female
18 - 29
30 - 44
45 - 59
60 and over
BC
AB
SK/MB
ON
QC
ATL
Certainly Very likely Likely Unlikely Very unlikely Certainly not
SEX
20%
25%
19%
19%
24%
13%
17%
34%
9%
23%
18%
19%
29%
33%
29%
28%
33%
29%
27%
31%
31%
25%
31%
31%
36%
31%
37%
32%
34%
36%
42%
21%
30%
36%
36%
37%
11%
7%
12%
11%
7%
12%
10%
12%
20%
12%
12%
9%
2%
6%
10%
7%
All
Left
Centre
Right
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
NDP
Green Party
Bloc Quebecois
HS or less
College
University
AGE
REGION
POL SPECTRUM
VOTE 2015
EDUCATION