HillsdaleStopwatch2019Version

Peoplev.Freeman

1.Battery2.PossessionofMethamphetamine

FeaturingaPretrialArgumentontheFourthAmendment

2Peoplev.Freeman

Acknowledgments

DevelopedBy:RyanScibetta,HeadDeveloperMeganEvans,HeadEditor

WrittenBy:*MeganEvans,Pretrial

LeahScibetta,ChrisBorjaManuelBernal,HaydenWest

CharlieTacktig,MaryanneSheldonLeahScibetta,HavenMabukuJosephBazarsky,RileyFreemanSabrinaKlindworth,LinStarkAllisonRulli,PeytonShubaSeanTjoa,ParkerEisenhowerLeahScibetta,Exhibit1

SabrinaKlindworth,Exhibit2aSabrinaKlindworth,Exhibit2bSabrinaKlindworth,Exhibit2c

MeganEvans,Exhibit3RachelSang,CoverArt

SpecialThanks:ManuelBernal,MiddleSchoolOutreach

MattSpringman,TeacherCoachGabeGross,AttorneyCoach

MirissaMcMurray,AttorneyCoachJeffFeinberg,AttorneyCoachBernardShek,AttorneyCoachBrendaAdams,AttorneyCoach

HillsdaleHighSchool

The2019MockTrialCaseofPeoplev.FreemanisdedicatedtoOliviaGingoldandGraceBower.TheseamazingwomentaughtRyanScibettaandMeganEvanstolovemocktrialandlawitselfintheirfirstyear.Bothwerewinnersoftheawardfor“BestPretrialerinSanMateoCounty,”

andbotharestillhighlyadmiredinHillsdaleMockTrialtoday

*Note:CharlieTacktigandPeytonShubaarenotincludedinthisversionofthecasepacket.

3Peoplev.Freeman

TABLEOFCONTENTSStatementofCharges…………………………………………………………………………………………...

4

PhysicalEvidence………………………………………………………………………...................................

4

Stipulations…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4

PretrialFactsandArguments……………………………………………………………………………...

5

LegalAuthorities……………………………………………………………………….....................................

6

CaseLaw………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7

WitnessStatements……………………………………………………………………………………………..

11

Exhibits...……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

27

Timing...……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

31

RulesofEvidence……………………………………………………………………………………………… 31

4Peoplev.Freeman

STATEMENTOFCHARGESTheprosecutionchargesFreemanwithtwocounts:Count1—Battery(PenalCode§242)Count2—PossessionofaControlledSubstance(CaliforniaHealthandSafetyCode11377(a))PHYSICALEVIDENCEOnlythefollowingphysicalevidencemaybeintroducedattrial.Theprosecutionisresponsibleforbringingthefollowing:Exhibit1:MapofdowntownSantaBellaExhibit2a:PhotographofRileyFreeman’scloset;dooropenwithblackbaginsideExhibit2b:Close-upphotoofblackbaginsideFreeman’sclosetExhibit2c:Close-upphotoofblackbaginsideFreeman’scloset;topopen;contentsvisibleSTIPULATIONS:

1. ChrisBorjaandRileyFreemanareofsimilarsizeandbuild,regardlessofthewitnessesportrayingthem.Noargumentsaboutthephysicaltraitsofeitherwitnessispermitted.

2. ItisundisputedthatthepersonwhoassaultedBorjabrokeseveralribswithonepunch.

3. Ittakesabout15minutestowalkfromthelibrarytoParker’sapartmentatanormalpace.

4. TheofficerhadsufficientprobablecausetoarrestFreemanforassault.5. LinStark’sandHaydenWest’sknowledgeislimitedtothiscasepacket.6. CameronAwbrey(male)wasconvictedonhumantraffickingin2017.Awbreyis

currentlyinprison.

5Peoplev.Freeman

PRETRIALFACTSANDARGUMENTSThecaseofPeoplev.FreemanfeaturesapretrialargumentontheFourthAmendment.Thepretrialargumentisaclosedlibrary,meaningthatanyreferencetoinformationoutsideofthefactsandlegalauthoritiesprovidedinthiscasepacketisprohibited.TheFourthAmendmentprotectsindividualsfromgovernmentintrusionintotheirprivacywithoutdueprocessoflaw.ThepretrialissueinthiscaseiswhetherFreeman’sFourthAmendmentrightswereviolated.TheargumentwillturnonwhetherornotFreemanhadareasonableexpectationofprivacyintheplacesandthingssearched,whethertheofficer’sactionsconstitutedasearchundertheFourthAmendment,andwhetherornotthesearchwaslegal.Thebasicfactsrelevanttothepre-trialmotionarethese:Beforethesearchinquestion,OfficerHaydenWestdeterminedthatthedefendantRileyFreemanhadbatteredChrisBorja.WesthadcollectedevidencethathebelievedshowedthatFreemanwasundertheinfluenceofdrugsatthetimeoftheattack.WestarrestedRileyFreemanforbattery.Afterthearrest,WestsearchedthebedroomwhereFreemanhadbeenstaying—aguestroominWest’sownhouse.Freemanhadnotbeenpayingrentorperforminganyservicesinlieuofrent.OfficerWestdidnotobtainasearchwarrant.OfficerWestfoundalegalamountofdriedmarijuanainplainsight.OfficerWestalsodiscoveredfourbagswithatotalof8.3poundsofmethamphetamineinabaginthecloset(seeExhibits2A,2B,and2C).Asaresult,WestchargedFreemanwithPossessionofaControlledSubstance.ThequestionforthecourtiswhetherthesearchoftheguestroomwhereRileyFreemanwasstaying,aswellasthesearchoftheclosetandthebagtherein,waslegal.Ifthecourtfindsthatthesearchwasunlawful,thesecondcount—PossessionofaControlledSubstanceunderCaliforniaHealthandSafetyCode11377(a)—willbedismissed.Moreover,Exhibits2A,2B,and2C,aswellasanyreferencetothesearchorthefruitsofthesearchwillbeexcluded.TheDefensewillbringamotiontosuppresstheevidenceobtainedduringthesearchoftheguestroomwhereFreemanhadbeenstayingandarguethatWest’ssearchofFreeman’sroom,closet,andbagviolatedFreeman’sFourthAmendmentrighttobefreefromunreasonablesearchesandseizuresundertheFourthAmendment,andthatitalsoviolatedFreeman’srightsunderArticle1,Section13oftheCaliforniaConstitution.TheProsecutionwillarguethatthesearchwaslawfulunderboththeFourthAmendmentandArticle1,Section13oftheCaliforniaConstitution

6Peoplev.Freeman

LEGALAUTHORITIESU.S.Constitution,FourthAmendmentTherightofthepeopletobesecureintheirpersons,houses,papers,andeffects,againstunreasonablesearchesandseizures,shallnotbeviolated,andnoWarrantsshallissue,butuponprobablecause,supportedbyOathoraffirmation,andparticularlydescribingtheplacetobesearched,andthepersonsorthingstobeseized.CaliforniaConstitution,ArticleI,Section13Therightofthepeopletobesecureintheirpersons,houses,papers,andeffectsagainstunreasonableseizuresandsearchesmaynotbeviolated;andawarrantmaynotissueexceptonprobablecause,supportedbyoathoraffirmation,particularlydescribingtheplacetobesearchedandthepersonsandthingstobeseized.CaliforniaPenalCode§242Abatteryisanywillfulandunlawfuluseofforceorviolenceuponthepersonofanother.CALCRIM960.SimpleBattery(Pen.Code,§242)ThedefendantischargedinCount1withbatteryinviolationofPenalCode§242.Toprovethatthedefendantisguiltyofthiscrime,thePeoplemustprovethat:ThedefendantwillfullyandunlawfullytouchedChrisBorjainaharmfuloroffensivemanner.Theslightesttouchingcanbeenoughtocommitabatteryifitisdoneinarudeorangryway.Makingcontactwithanotherperson,includingthroughhisorherclothing,isenough.Thetouchingdoesnothavetocausepainorinjuryofanykind.

CaliforniaHealth&SafetyCode§11350(a)Exceptasotherwiseprovidedinthisdivision,everypersonwhopossessesanycontrolledsubstancespecifiedin…section11054[whichincludesmethamphetamine]…unlessuponthewrittenprescriptionofaphysician,dentist,podiatrist,orveterinarianlicensedtopracticeinthisstate,shallbepunishedbyimprisonmentinacountyjailfornotmorethanoneyear[.]

7Peoplev.Freeman

CALCRIM2304.SimplePossessionofControlledSubstance(Health&Saf.Code,§§11350,11377)ThedefendantischargedinCountTwowithpossessingmethamphetamine,acontrolledsubstanceinviolationofCaliforniaHealth&SafetyCode11055.Toprovethatthedefendantisguiltyofthiscrime,thePeoplemustprovethat:

1. Thedefendantunlawfullypossessedacontrolledsubstance;2. Thedefendantknewofitspresence;3. Thedefendantknewofthesubstance’snatureorcharacterasacontrolled

substance;4. Thecontrolledsubstancewasinausableamount.

Ausableamountisaquantitythatisenoughtobeusedbysomeoneasacontrolledsubstance.Uselesstraces[ordebris]arenotusableamounts.Ontheotherhand,ausableamountdoesnothavetobeenough,ineitheramountorstrength,toaffecttheuser.

CASELAW

Katzv.UnitedStates,389U.S.347(1967)1 Facts:DefendantPetitionerwasconvictedoftransmittingwageringinformationby2

telephoneacrossstatelines.Evidenceofdefendant’sconversations,overheardbyFBI3 agentswhohadattachedanelectroniclisteningandrecordingdevicetotheoutsideofthe4 closedtelephoneboothfromwhichthecallsweremade,wasintroducedatthetrial.The5 FBIdidnotreceiveawarranttogatherinformationaboutdefendant’scalls.Attrial,6 DefendantsoughttohavethatevidenceexcludedundertheFourthAmendment.7

Issue:Werethecontentsofdefendant’stelephoneboothconversationsprotectedunder8 theFourthAmendment’sprotectionsagainstunreasonablesearches.9 Holding:Forevidenceofthecontentsofdefendant’sphonecallstobeprotectedunderthe10 FourthAmendment,hemusthavebothasubjectiveandobjectivereasonableexpectation11 ofprivacy.Tomeetthefirstpartofthetest,thepersonfromwhomtheinformationwas12 obtainedmustdemonstratethatthey,infact,hadanactual,subjectiveexpectationthatthe13 evidenceobtainedwouldnotbeavailabletothepublic.Inotherwords,theymustbeable14 toshowthattheykepttheevidenceinamannerdesignedtoensureitsprivacy.Thesecond15 partofthetestisobjective:wouldsocietyatlargedeemaperson'sexpectationofprivacy16 tobereasonable?Ifitisplainthatapersondidnotkeeptheevidenceatissueinaprivate17 place,thennosearchisrequiredtouncovertheevidence.Forexample,thereisgenerally18

8Peoplev.Freeman

nosearchwhenpoliceofficerslookthroughgarbagebecauseareasonablepersonwould1 notexpectthatitemsplacedinthegarbagewouldnecessarilyremainprivate.InKatz,the2 Courtheldthat"TheGovernment'sactivitiesinelectronicallylisteningto…petitioner's3 wordsviolatedtheprivacyuponwhichhejustifiablyreliedwhileusingthetelephonebooth4 andthusconstituteda'searchandseizure'withinthemeaningoftheFourthAmendment."5 Anenclosedtelephoneboothisanareawhere,likeahome,apersonhasaconstitutionally6 protectedreasonableexpectationofprivacy;suchaninvasionispresumptively7 unreasonableintheabsenceofasearchwarrant.8 9 Turnerv.State,573So.2d657(Miss.1990)10 Facts:Turnerandanaccomplicerobbedagrocerystoreandmurderedtheowner,taking11 hercarandhousekeys.Theythenproceededtorobtheowner’shouseanddriveto12 Chicago.Turnerhadbeenstayingwithhiscousininatrailerpark.Thepolice,withthe13 cousin’sconsent,searchedthetrailer,findingevidencethatconnectedTurnerwithother14 robberies.Allevidencewasinplainsight.Defendantwishestohavetheevidence15 suppressed.16 Issue:Doesthedefendanthaveareasonableexpectationofprivacyovertheevidence?17 Holding:No.Thecourtheldthatthecousinfreelygavepermissionfortheofficersto18 searchthetrailer;thattherewasnoreasonableexpectationofprivacyinthatdefendantdid19 nothaveexclusivepossessionorcontrolofthepremises;thatdefendantwasaguestinthe20 cousin’shouseandnotatenant;thattheevidencewasinplainsight;andthatdefendant21 paidnorentandtherewasnoagreementthatheworkedforhiscousininexchangefor22 rent.Thecousinverballygaveconsentforthesearchofthetrailerandsubsequently23 executedawrittenconsent.24 25 Rakasv.Illinois,439U.S.128,134,99S.Ct.421,425,58L.Ed.2d387(1978)26 Facts:Insearchingforagetawaycarinarobbery,policestoppedthecarthatthedefendant27 wasinandsearchedit.Theyfoundarifleunderthefrontpassengerseatandrifleshellsin28 thelockedglovecompartment.Thedefendantdidnotownthecarandclaimednottoown29 theweaponsdiscovered.Thedefendantwaschargedwitharmedrobberybased,inpart,on30 theevidenceobtainedfromsearchandmovedtohavetheevidencesuppressed.31 Issue:Didthedefendanthaveareasonableexpectationofprivacyinthecontentsofthe32 car?33 Holding:No.Forthedefendant’srightstohavebeenviolated,thedefendantmusthave34 beenthe‘victim’ofthesearch.Apersonwhoisaggrievedbyanillegalsearchandseizure35

9Peoplev.Freeman

onlythroughtheintroductionofdamagingevidencesecuredbyasearchofathirdperson's1 premisesorpropertyhasnothadanyofhisFourthAmendmentrightsinfringed."Inorder2 toqualifyasa`personaggrievedbyanunlawfulsearchandseizure'onemusthavebeena3 victimofasearchorseizure,oneagainstwhomthesearchwasdirected,asdistinguished4 fromonewhoclaimsprejudiceonlythroughtheuseofevidencegatheredasaconsequence5 ofasearchorseizuredirectedatsomeoneelse"—thatis,theCourtheldthatavehicular6 passengerinacarhedidnotownhadnosuchlegitimateexpectationofprivacyinthe7 contentsofthecar.8 9 Stonerv.California,376U.S.483(1964)10 Facts:Stonerwassuspectedofrobbingabank.Policelearnedthathewasstayingata11 hotel.Aclerkatthehotel“consented”toasearchofStoner’sroom.Thepolicefoundagun12 intheroom.Stonermovedtoexcludetheevidencebecauseitwasobtainedduringan13 unreasonablesearch.14 Issue:Couldtheclerkgiveconsenttothesearchofthedefendant’shotelroom?15 Holding:No.Thehotelclerkhadnoauthoritytogiveconsenttoapolicesearch,andthe16 policehadnoreasontobelievetheclerkhadsuchauthority.Eventhoughtheclerkcould17 entertheroomtoperformhisduties,hecouldnotconsenttoapolicesearch.Itdidnot18 matterthatthepoliceofficerbelievedtheclerkhadauthorityifsuchabeliefwasnot19 objectivelyreasonable.20 21 U.S.v.Davis,332F.3d1163(9thCir.2003)22 Facts:Oneoftworoommatesinatwo-bedroomapartmentconsentedtoapolicesearchof23 theentirepremises.Theofficersfoundaguninaduffelbag,underthebedofthenon-24 presentroommate.Theroommatemovedtoexcludethegunfromevidenceashedidnot25 consenttothesearch.26 Issue:Couldtheroommategiveconsenttosearchtheduffelbagofherabsentroommate?27 Holding:No.Thegunwasinabagandunderthenon-presentroommate’sbed.Though28 bothroommatesequally“owned”theroom,theconsentingroommatedidnothavejoint29 accessovertheduffelbaganddidnothaveexpressauthorizationfromtheotherroommate30 toconsenttothesearch.Thus,thepolicedidnotactingoodfaith,thesearchwasillegal,31 andtheguncouldnotbebroughtintoevidence.32 33 Peoplev.Cruz,61Cal.2d861(1964)34 Facts:Afewtemporaryguestsatanapartmentweresuspectedofpossessionofmarijuana.35 Oneofthetransientgueststoldtheofficerhecould“lookaround.”Theofficerconductedan36

10Peoplev.Freeman

extensivesearchlastingseveralhours.Theofficerfoundmarijuanainasuitcaseofanother1 transientguest,thedefendant.2 Issue:Didthetransientguest’sconsentlawfullyallowtheofficertosearchthedefendant’s3 suitcase?4 Holding:No.Theofficerwasawarethatboththetransientguestandthedefendantwere5 temporaryguests.Thetransientguestcouldonlygiveconsenttoitemsthatwerehers.6 Thus,thesearchofthesuitcasewasoutsidethescopeofconsent.Theofficerdidnotask7 thedefendantforpermissiontosearchthesuitcaseandsuchconsentwouldhavebeen8 necessaryforasearch.Thus,thepolicedidnotactingoodfaithandthemarijuanawas9 suppressed.10 11 Statev.Cover,450So.2d741(La.Ct.App.1984)12 Facts:Policesuspecteddefendantofnarcoticsdealings,butwereunabletogetenough13 evidenceforawarrant.Defendantwasstayingathisgirlfriend’shouse,sothepolicetailed14 thegirlfriend.Theystoppedthegirlfriendforaminortrafficviolationandsearchedthecar.15 Theytoldthegirlfriendthattheysuspecteddefendantofdrugdealing,andthatthey16 wantedtosearchtheapartment.Beforetheycouldaskherpermissiontosearchthe17 apartment,shetoldthemthatshehadasmallquantityofmarijuanaforherpersonalusein18 herbedroom.Theytoldherthattheywouldnotformallyarrestherforthatmarijuanaif19 sheallowedthemtosearchtheapartment.Sheagreed,andthepolicefoundcopious20 amountsofdrugsinplainsight.21 Issue:Didthegirlfriendtrulygiveconsent,orwasshecoerced?22 Holding:Thegirlfrienddidnotgiveconsent,asshewascoercedintogivingconsent.Oneof23 thespecificallyestablishedexceptionstotherequirementsofbothawarrantandprobable24 causeisasearchconductedpursuanttoconsent.Whenthestateseekstorelyuponconsent25 tojustifythelawfulnessofasearch,ithastheburdenofprovingthattheconsentwasgiven26 freelyandvoluntarily.Thesetypesofcasesatleastmakeclearthatwhenthe“prosecution27 seekstojustifyawarrantlesssearchbyproofofvoluntaryconsent,itisnotlimitedtoproof28 thatconsentwasgivenbythedefendant,butmayshowthatpermissiontosearchwas29 obtainedfromathirdpartywhopossessedcommonauthorityoverorothersufficient30 relationshiptothepremisesoreffectssoughttobeinspected”—thatis,whilethegirlfriend31 inthiscasewascoercedintograntingconsentthereforemakingthesearchunlawful,she32 did,intheabsenceofcoercion,havecommonauthoritytograntconsentfortheofficersto33 searchtheapartment.34 35

11Peoplev.Freeman

WITNESSSTATEMENTS1

2

ProsecutionWitness:OfficerHaydenWest3 4 MynameisHaydenWest,Iam31yearsold,andIamtheonlyfieldofficerinthesmall5 SantaBellaPoliceDepartment.Iamalsothechiefinvestigatingofficerinthiscase.Priorto6 takingonthecaseIwasanacquaintanceofthedefendant,RileyFreeman.IknewFreeman7 becauseFreemanwasfriendswithmyfiancée,LinStark,andlivedwithusinour8 apartmentforacoupleofmonthsbecauseFreemanwashavingfinancialproblems.9 10 I’veknownmyfiancéLinforaboutthreeandahalfyears.Sometimeago,IvisitedtheTaste11 ofTanterrarestaurantwhereLin,arecentimmigrant,usedtowork.Duringthatvisit,Lin12 gavemeanotethatsaidLinwasbeingtreatedlikeaslave.Afterinvestigating,wearrested13 CameronAwbrey,theowneroftherestaurant,forthehumantraffickingofLin.Iendedup14 seeingLinalotaftertheinvestigationwhilepreparingformytrialtestimony,andwe15 developedfeelingsforeachother.Wearenowengagedandwillbegettingmarriedsoon.16 17 Inlate2017,afterherexperienceatTasteofTanterra,Lincreatedasupportgroupatthe18 SantaBellalibrarytohelpothervictimsofhumantrafficking.RileyFreemanwasafrequent19 visitortothelibrarywhileLinwashostinghersupportgroup.OverthattimeLinand20 Freemangottoknoweachotherandbecamerelativelyclose.LinactuallyinvitedFreeman21 tolivewithusinSeptemberwhenLinheardthatFreemanhadlosthisjobandwashaving22 difficultypayinghisrent.ItisverygenerousofLintohelppeoplelikethat,butIwasquite23 waryofthesituation.IloveLinverymuchandafterherexperienceattheTasteof24 Tanterra,Iamveryprotectiveofherandwanttoshieldherfromunscrupulousandabusive25 people.IwasworriedthatFreemanwasjustafreeloaderandwasexploitingLin’s26 kindnessinordertoliverent-free.Nevertheless,Freemandidendupstayingwithusfor27 quitesometime.28

29 OnJanuary25th,2018,Iwasondutyatthestation.At5:04P.M.,Ireceivedareport,viaa30 911call,ofanassaultandbatteryonalocalresident,ChrisBorja.Borjawasoutonawalk31 whenBorjawasallegedlyassaultedbyRileyFreemanat5:03pm.,aboutablockorsoaway32 fromthelibrary.TheambulancetookBorjatothehospitalandtheEMTsreportedthat33 Borjahadpassedoutaftermakingthecall.IwasunabletospeaktoBorjathatday,asthe34 hospitaldidn’twantBorjatohavevisitors.IaskedthehospitaltoinformBorjathatBorja35

12Peoplev.Freeman

neededtoreporttothepolicestationassoonaspossibleafterBorjawasreleased.Borja1 wasreleasedthenextmorningwithfivebrokenribs.Borjacamedirectlytothestationto2 discusstheattack.BorjatoldmeherecognizedRileyFreemanastheattacker.Hetoldme3 thathedidnotknowFreemanwellbuthadhadanegativeinteractionwithFreemanatthe4 companywhereheworked,LIT-eratureBooks.BorjaalsotoldmethatbasedonFreeman’s5 appearanceanddemeanorthatFreemanappearedtobeundertheinfluenceofsomething.6 7 AftermyinterviewwithBorja,IwenttothelibrarytoseeifIcouldfindanythingabout8 Freeman’swhereaboutsoractivitiesthatdaytotrytocorroborateBorja’sclaimthat9 Freemanwastheattacker.IspokewithHavenMabuku,thelocallibrarian,whoinformed10 methatFreemanhadbeeninthelibraryfrom10:00A.M.toalittlebefore5:00P.M.onthe11 dayinquestion.MabukualsotoldmethatFreemanwasbehavingbizarrelywhilehewasin12 thelibrary.BasedonmyconversationwithMabukuandthestatementofBorja,Idecidedto13 arrestFreemanforbatteryofChrisBorja.Luckilyforme,Freemanwasalreadyinthe14 library,soIwasabletomakethearrestquickly.Uponarrest,Freemanimmediatelydenied15 attackingBorja.FreemantoldmethatatthetimeoftheattackFreemanmetwithafriend16 afterleavingthelibraryatabout5:00P.M.YetwhenIaskedFreeman,Freemancouldnot17 recallwhoFreemanwaswithorwhereFreemanwaslocatedatthetimeoftheattack.I18 transportedFreemantothestationandplacedFreemaninaholdingcell.BeforeIput19 FreemaninthecellInoticedthatFreemanhadlightbruisingontheknucklesofhisright20 hand.21 22 AfterImadethearrest,butbeforeItransportedFreemantothestation,Ididastandard23 custodialsearchofFreeman.InhispantspocketIfoundaslipofpaperthatsaid“ParkerE.24 newcell”alongwithaphonenumber.Iassumed“ParkerE.”wasParkerEisenhower.I25 knewEisenhowerbecauseEisenhowerisaSantaBellaresidentandaconvictedfelon.26 Eisenhoweriscurrentlyonparolebuthascriminalconvictionsforbothpossessingand27 dealingamyriadofdifferentillegaldrugs,includingmethamphetamine.Ialsoknew28 EisenhowerwasfriendswithFreeman.IevensawEisenhowerafewtimesatmyplace29 whenhewaswithFreeman,andalwayswithalargebackpackon.Ihadalsoheard30 anonymousandunconfirmedrumorsthatEisenhowerhadrecentlybegundealing31 methamphetamineagain.32 33 [Atthispoint,IknewthatFreemancouldnolongerstaywithLinandI,soIwenttothe34 guestroomtocleanoutFreeman’sstuffandalsotoseeifIcouldgatheranymoreevidence.35

13Peoplev.Freeman

Iimmediatelyfoundasmall,legalamountofmarijuanalocatedontopofthedresser.Ialso1 found8.3poundsofmethamphetaminestashedawayinFreeman’scloset.Afterseizingthe2 drugsasevidence,Iaddedasecondchargeforthepossessionofmethamphetamine.Ithen3 interrogatedFreemanaboutthemethamphetamine,butFreemandeniedeverythingexcept4 ownershipofthebag,andhadnoexplanationforthedrugs.]5 6 Basedonmyinvestigation,IbelievethatFreemanwashighonmethamphetamineon7 January25th,assaultedChrisBorja,andliedaboutit.Ialsobelievethatthe8 methamphetaminefoundinFreeman’sbedroomwasFreeman’s.9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

14Peoplev.Freeman

ProsecutionWitness:ChrisBorja1 2 MynameisChrisBorja.Iam75yearsold.Igrewupinatraditionalfamily—thekindof3 familyyou’dseeinold1950’stelevision.IwasraisedinVirginia,Ihadtwo“AllAmerican”4 parents,andIhadanoldersisterwhoIgotalongwithsplendidly.Fromanearlyagemy5 parentsencouragedmetoreadandIquicklyfellinlovewithbooksandbecameavoracious6 reader.Asaresult,Ispentmychildhoodexploringthemajestyanddramaofliterature.I’ll7 alwaysbegratefultomyparentsforintroducingmetobooks.8 9 I’vealwaysbeenahardworker.Backintheday,IattendedtheUniversityofVirginiaand10 studiedEnglish.IworkedasanEnglishteacheratFranklinHighSchoolforover40years,11 thenretiredattheageof65.Iwasreallylookingforwardtoenjoyingfreetimewithmy12 familyandpursuingintereststhatI’dneverhadtotimetopursuewhenIwasworking.13 But,whattheydon'ttellyouaboutretirementishowboringandlonelyitcanget.Ifound14 myself,toooften,sittingalonewithnothingtodo.IknewIneededachange.Sothreeyears15 agoIdecidedtomovetoCaliforniaandrejointheworkforce.Iamcurrentlyworkingasan16 editorataprettyniftynewbusiness,LIT-eratureBooks.Ourgoalistore-introduce17 millennialstothejoysofreading.18 19 IhadmetRileyFreemanonlyoncebeforethedayofmyassault.InlateNovember,2017,20 Rileyscheduledameetingwithmeatmyoffice.RileywantedtopitchmeRiley’snovelin21 hopesthatIwouldpublishit.IimmediatelyhatedRileyFreeman.Riley’sbehaviorwasfar22 toofamiliarandcasualformytaste.MaybeI’mjustgettingold,butRileyshowedmeand23 ourlittlecompanynorespect.Rileyshoweduptothemeetinginanoldrattysweatshirt24 andfilthyjeans.RileyevenputRiley’sfeetuponmydesk.Ihavenopatienceforpeople25 likethat,andLIT-eratureBookshadnoneedforadisrespectfulboorlikeRiley—notto26 mentionthatthepitchwasincoherent.TheonlythingIrememberaboutitwasthatitwas27 somebizarrescience-fictionpieceaboutadrug-addictedMartian.Ihadnointerestin28 Riley’sbookandwhenItoldRileythathestormedoutandviolentlyslammedthedoor.I29 hadn'tthoughtaboutRileyagainuntiltheattack.30 31 RileyFreemanassaultedmeonJanuary25th,2018,at5:03,IknowthisbecauseIhadjust32 checkedmywatch.IwaswalkinghomefromworklikeIalwaysdid,andIsawsomeoneup33 aheadonthesouthsidewalkofSantaBellaSquare,juststandingthere.AsIwalkedcloserI34 couldhearthatthepersonwasmutteringtothemself.WhenIgotwithinafewfeetthe35

15Peoplev.Freeman

personlookedupatmewithaterrifyinglyderangedlookintheireyes.AndwhileIonly1 hadaquicklookattheperson,IimmediatelyrecognizedthefaceasRileyFreeman.Riley2 lookedcrazed,demented,andunhinged.IcouldalmostseefoamformingatRiley’smouth3 likeananimal.4 5 Whenhesawme,Rileyimmediatelylungedatmeandpunchedmesquareontheleftside6 ofmyribcagewithhisrighthand.IhitthepavementandRileystartedsprintingaway.I7 knewIhadbrokensomeribs.Itookoutmyphoneandcalled911.IprobablylookedlikedI8 should'vebeenastarinoneofthose“lifealert”commercials.Atsomepointafterthatthe9 ambulancearrivedandtookmetothehospital,butImusthavepassedoutbecauseIdon’t10 rememberit.11 12 Theleftsideofmyribcagewasbadlyfracturedfromthepunchandthefall.Forsomeone13 myage,itisadevastatinginjurybecausebonesandcartilagedon’thealaseffectivelyasin14 youngerpeople.Ittookmetwomonthstorecoverenoughtoresumeanormaldailylife.I15 continuetohavenaggingpainfromCostochondritis—inflammationofthecostalcartilage,16 thestructurethatconnectseachribtothesternum.ThedoctorstoldmeI’llprobablynever17 beat100%again.18 19 BecauseofRileyFreemanIwillbeinpainfortherestofmylife.IcanneverforgiveRiley20 forwhatRileydid.Rileyneedstopayforwhathappened.IwantRileytobelockedawayfor21 along,longtime.22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

16Peoplev.Freeman

ProsecutionWitness:HavenMabuku1 2 MynameisHavenMabukuandIam51yearsold.IearnedmyEnglishdegreeattheSanta3 BellaCommunityCollegeandeversincegraduationhavebeenworkingasalibrarianinour4 wonderfullittleSantaBellalibrary.Ourlibraryisopenfrom10A.M.to5P.M.sevendaysa5 week.SinceI’mtheonlyfull-timelibrarian,Iworkalot;usuallyfrom9:30A.M.to5:30P.M.,6 settingeverythingupinthemorningandclosingdownatnight.It’salotofwork,butIjust7 lovespendingallmytimeinthelibraryspreadingthejoyofreadingtoyouthsinourtown.8 Kidsevenliketocallmylibrarythe“Safe-Haven”(becauseofmyname)anditgivesmeso9 muchjoytoknowIcanmakeadifferenceintheirlives.IwishIhadhadaplacelikethat10 whenIwasakid.11 12 Mychildhoodwasdifficult,tosaytheleast.Ilivedinaroughneighborhood.BythetimeI13 graduatedfromhighschoolIstartedhangingoutwiththewrongcrowd.Mostofmyfriends14 werebadinfluencesonme,andImadealotofchoicesthatI'mnotproudof.Ifoundmyself15 turningtodrugsandalcohol.EverythingwasspiralingoutofcontrolbeforemyeyesandI16 finallymadethedecisionthatIneededtotrytoturnmylifearound.Checkingmyselfintoa17 rehabfacilitywasthebestdecisionIevermade.OnApril15th,Iwillhavebeensoberfor3018 years.Itwasadifficultprocess,butIconsidermyselfincrediblyluckytobeheretoday.19 20 IamawarewhoRileyFreemanis.Riley’sagoodkidandaregularinmylibrary.I'vestruck21 upacoupleofconversationswithRileyandthey'vealwaysbeenverypleasant.Riley22 usuallyspendstimeinthecomputerlabreadingandwriting,whichisnice.Kidsthesedays23 usuallyspendmostoftheirtimeontheirgadgetsandapp-phones.24 25 OnJanuary25th,Rileyattendedthelibrarylikenormal.Somethingwasoffthough.Icould26 immediatelytellsomethingwaswrong.Rileydidn'tlooksogood.RileylookedlikeRiley27 wasondrugs.Ican'tsayforcertainoranything,justthatIrememberclearlywhatmyold28 friendswouldlooklikewhilehighandRileyhadtheexactcharacteristics.AsIwatched29 Rileysitinthecomputerlab,InoticedRileywasevenmutteringtoRiley’sselfquietlyand30 holdingRiley'srighthandasifithurt.IaskedRileyifRileywassafe,andtoseeifIcould31 offeranyhelp.RileyassuredmemultipletimesthatRileywasokay.WhenIaskedhim32 aboutRiley'shand,Rileysaid,“Ibangedit,”withoutlookingup.ConsideringIhadnoproof33 ofanything,Ithoughtitbestnottooverstep.Rileywasinmylibraryfrom10A.M.toalittle34

17Peoplev.Freeman

before5P.MworkingonRiley'snoveljustlikenormal.IbelieveRileymighthaveleft1 aroundnoontogetsomethingtoeat,butIcan’trecallforsure.2 3 Thenextday,January26th,IgotavisitfromOfficerHaydenWest.OfficerWestinterviewed4 meandItoldtheofficereverythingIknew,includingmysuspicionsaboutRiley.Officer5 Westthenrequestedawitnessstatement.Rileyseemslikeagoodkid.IhopeRiley’sokay.6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

18Peoplev.Freeman

DefenseWitness:RileyFreeman1 2 MynameisRileyFreeman,andI’m21yearsold.Fiveyearsago,whenIwas16,Idecidedto3 freemyselffromtheshacklesofconformity,imposeduponmebyanauthoritarianregime;4 inotherwords,Idroppedoutofhighschool.Schooljustdidn’tclickwithme.Icouldnever5 payattentioninclass,mynightlyhomeworkwassoboringIneverendedupfinishingit;6 mygradeskeptslipping,andIrealizedthat,forme,traditionalpublicschooleducation7 doesn’twork.Someday,I’mgoingtobeafamousnovelist.IknowI’vegottalentwhenit8 comestowriting.TheonlyreasonIhaven’tfoundsuccessyetisthatIjusthaven’tgotten9 mybigbreak.10 11 MybestsubjectwasalwaysEnglish,butIreallyonlyenjoyedthecreativewritingand12 narrativeassignments.Ifounditmuchmoreenjoyabletocreatethestorythantohave13 somesupposedlyclassicnovelforceddownmythroat.Theonlybookwereadinhigh14 schoolthatIreallylikedwasFearandLoathinginLasVegasbyHunterS.Thompson.I15 wouldn’twriteessays,Iloatheddoingresearch,andImostlyrefusedtoreadthebooksthat16 wereassigned.Ididwellonallmywritingassignmentsthough,evensubmittingafewof17 mypiecestovariouscompetitionsnationwide.Itriedtoentereverycreativewriting18 competitionIcouldfindandIactuallygotfirstplaceinoneregionalshortfictioncontest,19 andanhonorablementioninanother.20

21 Forastrugglingnovelistwhosetalenthasthusfargoneunnoticed,dailyexpensesarean22 insurmountableobstacle.I’vethereforelived,forthepastthreemonthsorso,withHayden23 WestandLinStark.StarkandImetatthelibraryaboutsixyearsagoandwe’vebeenbest24 friendseversince.WhenLinnoticedthatIwasstrugglingtomakeendsmeet,Linoffered25 mearoomatLin’shome.Theytoldmethatitwouldbefreeofcharge,aslongasIhelped26 aroundthehousewheneveritwasnecessary.I’mincrediblygratefultoLinandHayden;I27 havenoideahowI’dsurvivewithoutthem.28

29 HaydenWestisLin’sfiancé.IlikeHayden.Haydendoesn’treallytalktomemuch(ifatall,30 nowthatIthinkaboutit),butthereseemstobeamutualrespectbetweenthetwoofus.I31 onceoverheardHaydensaythat“maybeit’stimeforthatGodforsaken,good-for-nothing,32 lazy,hopelessson-of-a-bitchFreemantoliveoutonthestreetsforachange.”ButI33 understandthatit’snothingpersonal—tensionslikethatjustbubbleupinthehousehold34 fromtimetotime.IbroughtituptoLinacoupleofdayslaterandLinsaidnottoworry.35

19Peoplev.Freeman

Apparently,Haydenwasexhaustedafteralongdayatwork,andLinsaidHaydendidn’t1 meanit.IneverapproachedHaydenaboutitbecauseHaydenseemstolikeme.Itrustthat2 Lintoldmethetruth.AllIcansayis:LinisthemosthonestpersonIknow.IfHayden3 disapprovedofme,Linwouldsurelytellmeaboutit.4 5 OnJanuary25th,Ifollowedmyusualroutine.Iwokeupat9A.M.,brushedmyteeth,6 showered,andatebreakfast.IsaidhellotoLin—Iusuallydon’tbothersayinghelloto7 Hayden;Haydentendstobekindofmoodyinthemorning—andwalkedtothelocal8 library.TherewasacommunityactivitygoingonthererunbyHavenMabuku.There’sa9 computerlabatthelibrarywhichIusuallyuseformyliteraryenterprises.Iwastherefrom10 10A.M.to1P.M.AftergettingadeliciouslunchfromanearbyChipotle,Iwentbacktothe11 computerlabandwrotefrom2P.M.to5P.M.Thelibraryclosesat5,somyworkended12 therefortheday.13

14 IhadmadeplanstospendtheeveningwithmygoodfriendParkerEisenhower.I’veknown15 ParkereversinceIcanremember.Parker’sagenuinelygoodguy,thoughParkerdidget16 tangledupwiththewrongcrowdinParker’sjunioryearofhighschoolandstarteddealing17 drugs.Ihadalreadydroppedoutbeforejunioryear,otherwiseIverywellmayhavejoined18 him.TheallureofsomequickcashwaswhatseducedParker,anditwould’veseducedme19 toohadInotdistancedmyselffromthatcrowd.I’veneverdealtdrugs,butIusedtosmoke20 marijuanawithParkerfromtimetotimebeforeIwasarrested.That’sasfarasiteverwent.21 I’venevertriedanyotherdrugs.22

23 OftenafterIfinishedwritingfortheday,IwouldhangoutwithParkerEisenhower;24 sometimesathisplace,sometimesatmine.He’sevenbeenoveratLin’sseveraltimes.25 Anyway,onthe25th,rightafterIfinishedwritingfortheday,IwentovertoParker’shouse26 Weatepizzaandplayedvideogamesfromabout5:15P.M.to9P.M.Parkerdoesn'tsell27 drugsanymore.Parkerstoppeddealingafterbeingreleasedfromjail.Ineverleftthehouse28 duringthatperiod.Toreiterate:IconsumednodrugsonJanuary25th.29

30 AfterhangingoutwithParker,Iwentstraighthome.Iturnedonthetelevisionandsawon31 thelocalnewsthatsomeonenamedChrisBorja—whoIhadneverheardofbefore—had32 allegedlybeenassaulted.Iwasshocked.SantaBellatendstobearelativelycrime-free33 town,andforsomeonetobesuddenlyassaultedwhilemindingtheirownbusinesswas34 simplyunheardof.35

20Peoplev.Freeman

IwasevenmoreshockedthenextdaywhennoneotherthanHaydenWestarrestedmefor1 theassaultofChrisBorja.OnJanuary26th,afteranotherdayofworkatthelibrary,West2 cametothelibraryandtalkedtoHavenforafewminutes.Westwalkeduptomeandtold3 methatIwasunderarrestforthebatteryofChrisBorja,readmemyMirandaRights,and4 escortedmetothepolicedepartment.There,Westinterrogatedmeforafewhoursand5 askedmewhereIhadbeenthenightbefore.6 7 Iwasastonished.NotonlydidInotassaultChris,IwasatParker’splaceatthetimeofthe8 assault,andI’veneverevenseenChrisforcryingoutloud!Westputmeinaholdingcell9 andlatercamebacktosaythattherewerebagsofmethinmyroom.Westshowedme10 somepictures,butIhaveneverusedordealtmethinmyentirelife.Infact,thatwasthe11 firsttimeI’deverevenseenmeth.Sure,thebagismine,butthemethisn’t.Ican’tbelieve12 thisishappeningtome.Itallfeelslikeadream.13 14 IguessIcandrawatleastonepositiveoutcomefromthiswholesituation.Atleastwhen15 I’mrightfullyletgo,Icanusethisastheplotformynextnovel.Thinkaboutit:apoor,16 ambitiouskid,stuckinlengthycourtproceedings,accusedofacrimetheynever17 committed,deprivedofthetimetheydesperatelyneededtodedicatetofulfillingtheir18 dream,thenreemergingtobecomeagreatartist!Soundslikeabestsellertome.19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

21Peoplev.Freeman

DefenseWitness:LinStark1 2 MynameisLinStark.Iam27yearsold.IamanimmigrantfromTanterra.Ilivenowin3 SantaBellawithmyfiancé,HaydenWest,anduntilrecently,myfriend,RileyFreeman.4 RileyisoneofthesweetestpeopleIknowandisn’tthetypeofpersontocommitafelony,5 letaloneaviolentone.6 7 WhenIcametotheUnitedStatesinJuneof2015,IfoundworkinSantaBella,California,at8 arestaurantcalled“TasteofTanterra.”ThereIwastrappedandabusedbyahuman9 traffickernamedCameronAwbrey.Hehadhiredmetobethechefandgavemetheroom10 abovetherestauranttolivein.HehadseemedsonicewhenIwasfirsthired,butIsoon11 realizedthathewasabusingme.Mr.Awbreyworkedmehard,didn’tallowmetoleavethe12 premisesortalktomyfamilybackhome,andevenlockedmeinmyroomonce.Ifeltlikea13 slave.IwroteanotetopoliceofficerHaydenWest,whorescuedme.Haydenwasvery14 supportiveduringtheleaduptotrialandevenhelpedsponsormetogetanewvisasoI15 couldstayinSantaBella.OvertheyearittooktopreparefortrialandforCamerontobe16 foundguilty,HaydenandIfellinlove.Wearenowengagedandarepreparingtoget17 marriednextJanuary.WeareevenflyingmyfamilyfromTanterraoutfortheoccasion!18 19 FollowingmytraumaticexperiencewithCameronAwbrey,IstartedaprogramattheSanta20 Bellalibrarythathelpsothervictimsofhumantraffickingadjusttothetraumatheywent21 throughandtogetbackontheirfeet.Iusemyfirst-handexperienceasasurvivorofhuman22 traffickingtohelpothervictimsseethattheyarenotalone.Isetupappointmentsandmeet23 withpeopleoneonone.Ialsosetupworkshopstohelpothervictimslearnskillstheyneed24 togetanewjobortofeelsafelivingontheirown.Thelibraryhasbecomeasortof25 sanctuaryforhumantraffickingvictimsorasthelibrarianHavenMabakuwouldcallit,a26 “SafeHaven.”Havenhasbeenveryhelpfulbygivingmyprogramthespacethatweneedto27 function.28 Workingatthelibrary,IsawRileyFreemanaroundalotsincewebothusethelibraryas29 ourbaseofoperations.IwouldalwaysseeRileyenterthelibrary,walkdirectlyintothe30 computerlabwithearbudson,andstarttypingawayatalibrarycomputer.June14,2017,31 wasthefirsttimeIspoketoRiley.IwasalwayssocuriousaboutwhatRileywastypingup32 thatIfinallyjustasked.Rileywasn’trudeatallaboutbeingdisturbedbutwashappytotalk33 aboutRiley’swritingwithme.Fromthenon,IwouldwaveatRileywhenRileyenteredthe34 libraryandRileywoulddothesame.WecontinuedhavingoccasionalchatsuntilIasked35

22Peoplev.Freeman

Rileytoteachawritingworkshopasapartofmyprogram.Ialwaystriedtousepeoplethat1 Iknewtohelpsupportmylocalcommunityandtobuildtrustbetweenmyclientsand2 othercommunitymembers.RileyagreedandtaughtaworkshoponAugust6,2017.After3 thatRileyandIbecamealotcloserandwestartedeatinglunchtogethereveryday.On4 September21,2017,RileyconfessedtomethatRileywasstrugglingtopayrent.I5 consideredRileytobeagoodfriendsoIofferedHayden’sandmyguestroomasaplacefor6 Rileytostayforawhile.Rileyappearedveryhappyandthankfulfortheoffer.7 8 Rileywasfullymovedinaftertwodays.Rileywasalwayspoliteandkeptthehouseclean.9 Rileyevenhelpedoutaroundthehousewithchores,cookedmeals,andwalkedwithmeto10 thelibraryeveryday.IenjoyedRiley’scompanyandtheextrahelparoundthehouse.11 Haydendidn’tlikeRileyverymuchthough.Haydenisveryprotectiveofmeafter12 everythingI’vegonethroughandiswaryofhowcloseRileyandIhavegotten.Haydenwas13 alwaysworriedthatsomeoneelsewouldtakeadvantageofmeasMr.Awbreyhad.Hayden14 thoughtRileywasjustusingmeforafreeplacetostay,butIknewRileywasn’tlikethat.15 HaydenwouldgetgrumpywhenRileyandIwouldbetalkingandlaughingwhilemaking16 dinnerorwatchingTV.HaydendidappreciatehowRileyhelpedaroundthehouse,but17 HaydenwantedRileygoneassoonaspossible.Heoncesaid“IwishthatloserRiley18 Freemanwouldjustgetthehelloutofthishouse.”ItoldhimRileywasagreatkidwhojust19 neededabreak.Ithinkhewasjustinabadmood.20 21 January25,2018,wasaprettyuneventfulday.Rileywalkedwithmetothelibrarythat22 morningasusual.Unusually,Ileftthelibraryat4:00pminsteadof5:00pmbecauseIhad23 anappointmenttogoto.Rileycamehomelaterthatnight,atedinner,andwenttosleep.24 Riley’sbehaviordidnotappearoutoftheordinaryandnothingaboutRiley’sappearance25 lookedsuspicious.26 27 [HaydensaysthatHaydenfoundmethinRiley’sroomonJanuary26th.Idon’tknowhowit28 gotthere,butIknowforafactitdefinitelyisn’tmineorHayden’s.HaydenandIhavenever29 donedrugs,andIdon’townanybagsliketheoneinthepicturesHaydenshowedme.]30 31 InallofthetimeI’vespentwithRiley,I’veneverheardRileytalkabouttakingdrugs,seen32 Rileytakedrugs,orseenRileyappearundertheinfluenceofdrugs.Rileyissuchasweet33 andpolitepersonthatIcouldneverimagineRileyusinganydrugs,especiallymeth.Rileyis34 oneofthenicestpeopleI'veevermet,andIcouldneverimagineRileyattackingsomeone.35

23Peoplev.Freeman

DefenseWitness:ParkerEisenhower1 2 MynameisParkerEisenhower,butIalsogobyothernamessuchasBoo–that’smystage3 name.I’mapropcomicbutIhaven’tbeenbeengettingmanypropsfromtheaudiences4 lately.Ba-dumching.Inallseriousness,Ilovemyjobeventhoughitcanbedifficulttomake5 endsmeet.Luckily,I’mquiteusedtolivingfrugally.6 7 WhenIwasaroundfourteen,mymomdiedinacaraccidentafterdrinkingatabar,andmy8 dadmovedtoadifferentcountrybeforeIwasborn,soIwasleftbymyself.Becausemy9 parentsweregoneIendedupinthefoster-caresystemwhichamplifiedmyteenageangst.I10 startedwritingpoetrytotrytocopewithmyemotions.Here’sasample:“Lifeislikeabox11 ofchocolates.Youneverknowwhatyou’regonnaget,butyou’llfindoutthatit’smissingall12 yourfavorites.You’llfindoutyou’reallergictothesweetchocolatesandthatyoucanonly13 eatthedarkones.Thebitteronesthatnobodylikes.Becauseyouarewhatyoueat,and14 nobodylikesthebitter,darkme.”15 16 Itriedreadingitatmyhighschooltalentshow,butthattalentshowsucked.Imean,slam17 poetryisanacquiredtaste,butIexpectedatleastsomepoliteapplause.WhatIgotinstead18 wasstunnedsilence.Finally,afterabouttensecondsofcrickets,asinglepersoninthe19 audiencedidstandupandclap.ThatpersonturnedouttobeRileyFreeman,myfriend20 fromelementaryschool.Wewereclosefriendsbackthen,butwelosttrackofeachother21 becauseIswitchedschools.Rightaftertheshow,wecaughtup,hititoff,andbecamebest22 friendsagain.23 24 IrememberthatRileywaspassionateaboutwriting,soIaskedRileytostartawritingclub25 together.Fromthenon,Rileywouldalwayswritesci-fistorieswithmeasIworkedona26 longsatiricalcomedywhichincludedcharactersbasedonourteachers.Someofit,Iadmit,27 wasalittlemean-spiritedbutRileythoughtitwashilarious.Wordaboutmylittlecomedy28 reachedthenewspaperclub,soIletthempublishitafterchangingthenamesofallthe29 teachers.30 31 Unfortunately,theteachersfiguredoutwhoIwaswritingabout.Ihadalwaysbeenan32 averagestudent,mostlyB’s.Butafterthepiececameoutmygradesstartedgoingdown,a33 lot.IkeptaskingmyteachershowIcouldimprove,buttheyjuststonewalledme.Istarted34 hangingoutatabarbythelocalcollege(myfakeIDneverfailedtogetmein).I’dcrack35

24Peoplev.Freeman

jokesabouthowschoolwasajoke,andIgotalotoffreedrinks.Itfeltgoodtobe1 appreciatedthere.Iranawayfrommyfosterhomeandbeganlivingonmyownbycouch-2 surfing,butIwasflatoutofcash.Iaskedaroundthebarforanykindofwork,andIended3 upbuyingcigarettesandweedfromaguyatthebarandthensellingittothekidsatschool.4 5 BythispointRileyknewsomethingwaswrongwithme,butIpushedRileyawayevery6 timeRileyreachedouttome.Wesmokedmarijuanaafewtimestogether,butInever7 openeduptoRileyaboutmypersonalproblems.Ididn’twanttogetRileywrappedupin8 mymess.9 10 Inmyjunioryear,Iwascaughtsellingweedwhenthepolicebroughtinthedogs.Theysent11 metojuvy.Afterthat,mylifewassimple.Wakeup,gotoclass,eat,gobacktoclass,eat,12 recreation,sleep,repeat.AfterIwasreleasedIdidn’tknowwhattodo,soIwentbackto13 sellingdrugsagain.Thistime,Isoldhardstufflikemeth,cocaine,heroin,fentanyl,andacid.14 Iwasn’tmakinganymoney,justenoughtosupportmyownhabit.Eventually,Isoldabag15 ofherointoanundercovercop.Iwaschargedwithafelonyfordrugdealingandsentenced16 asanadult.17 18 WhenIwassenttoprison,itfinallyhitmehowIwastedsomuchofmylife,soIvowedto19 liveforotherssothatnobodywouldenduplikeme.Atfirst,Iwantedtobealawyerora20 doctor,butIrealizedthatitwasn’tforme.TheonlythingIcouldthinkofthatdidn’trequire21 aGEDwastobecomeastand-upcomedian,sothat’swhatIdid.Iwasreleasedfromprison22 earlyforgoodbehaviorandbecameafreemanlikeRiley.23 24 NowI’mgoingtoalltheopenmicsIcanwithin100miles,practicinganywhereand25 anytimeIcan.Idon’tmakeanymoney,butthestagetimeisworthit.I’vehadsomegood26 luckonYouTube,butIhaven’tbeenabletomakeitontoTVyet.It’stoughasanex-convict,27 butI’vebeenmakingmywaystep-by-step.Aboutayearago,IreconnectedwithRileyafter28 wehadn’tseeneachotherforyears,andwebecamecloseagain.Itfeelscrazytomehow29 RileyhasdonesomuchinalltheseyearsbecausetimefrozeformeafterIwenttojuvie.30

31 IrememberthedayofJanuary25,2018well.Wehadplannedtohangoutthatdaylikeany32 other.SometimeswehangoutwhereRileyisstaying.Butusuallywehangoutatmyplace33 becauseit’sbig,4-bedroom,highceilings,largekitchen,massiveTV.Thatnightwedecided34 RileyandIweregoingtohangoutatmyplace.Iwokeupsometimeintheafternoon35

25Peoplev.Freeman

becauseIwasexhaustedfromstayinguplateforanopenmicthenightbefore.Iatesome1 leftoverTanterrantake-outforbreakfastandwrotesomeideasforanewbit.Rileyleaves2 thelibraryataround5:00P.M.everyday.Myapartmentisabouta15-minutewalkfrom3 thelibrary,soRileygottherearound5:20P.M.Wespentsometimetalkingaboutideasfor4 Riley’slatestnovel.Wehadsomepizzadelivered,watchedamovie,andthenplayedSmash5 ontheGamecubeuntilitwasdark.6 7 Rileyleftmyapartmentaround9:00P.M.ItookmyMaserati,droppedhimoffathisplace,8 andheadedtothecomedyclubtotryoutmylatestbitcomparingtheaddictivenessofweed9 andotherdrugstovideogames.Aroundmidnight,Iwentbackhomeandslept.Usually,I10 sleepin,butIwokeupearlythatmorningtoaknockonthedoor.Itwasapoliceofficer,11 whowantedtointerviewmeaboutacrimethathappenedthedaybefore.Apparently,Riley12 wasthemainsuspect,sowewenttothepolicestationwhereOfficerWestproceededto13 grillmeforthenexthouraboutRiley.IknowthatRileydidn’tcommitthecrime.RileyandI14 werechillingthatdayfrom5:20pmto9:00pm,soit’simpossible.Heaskedmeaboutmy15 backpack,whichseemedweird.It’smypropbackpack—whereIkeepmypropsformyact.16 That’swhatItoldhim.I’moffendedthatIwasaccusedofsellingdrugstoRileyand17 stashingtheminRiley’sroom.Rileydoesn’tdodrugs.There’sjustnowayRileydidit.18

26Peoplev.Freeman

Exhibit1

27Peoplev.Freeman

Exhibit2A

28Peoplev.Freeman

Exhibit2B

29Peoplev.Freeman

Exhibit2C

30Peoplev.Freeman

TIMINGTime limits for each section are as follows:

1. Pretrial Motion (4 minutes); Rebuttal (2 minutes) 2. Opening Statement/Closing Argument (7 minutes); Rebuttal (1 minute) 3. Direct/Re-direct Examination (10 minutes) 4. Cross-Examination (10 minutes)

The time will be stopped when:

1. Witnesses are called to the stand 2. Attorneys make objections 3. Presider questions attorneys and witnesses

RULESOFEVIDENCEALLOWABLEEVIDENTIARYOBJECTIONS1.RelevanceUnlessprohibitedbyapretrialmotionrulingorbysomeotherruleofevidencelistedintheseSimplifiedRulesofEvidence,allrelevantevidenceisadmissible.Evidenceisrelevantifithasanytendencytomakeafactthatisimportanttothecasemoreorlessprobablethanthefactwouldbewithouttheevidence.Bothdirectandcircumstantialevidencemayberelevantandadmissibleincourt.2.MorePrejudicialThanProbativeThecourtinitsdiscretionmayexcluderelevantevidenceifitsprobativevalue(itsvalueasproofofsomefact)issubstantiallyoutweighedbytheprobabilitythatitsadmissioncreatessubstantialdangerofundueprejudice,confusestheissues,wastestime,ormisleadsthetrieroffact(judge).3.LayingaProperFoundationToestablishtherelevanceofdirectorcircumstantialevidence,youmayneedtolayaproperfoundation.Layingaproperfoundationmeansthatbeforeawitnesscantestifyabouthisorherpersonalknowledgeoropinionofcertainfacts,itmustbeshownthatthewitnesswasinapositiontoknowthosefactsinordertohavepersonalknowledgeofthosefactsortoformanadmissibleopinion.(See“OpinionTestimony”below.)

31Peoplev.Freeman

4.PersonalKnowledge/SpeculationAwitnessmaynottestifyaboutanymatterofwhichthewitnesshasnopersonalknowledge.Onlyifthewitnesshasdirectlyobservedaneventmaythewitnesstestifyaboutit.Personalknowledgemustbeshownbeforeawitnessmaytestifyconcerningamatter.5.OpinionTestimony(TestimonyfromNon-Experts)Opiniontestimonyincludesinferencesandothersubjectivestatementsofawitness.Ingeneral,opiniontestimonyisinadmissiblebecausethewitnessisnottestifyingtofacts.Opiniontestimonyisadmissibleonlywhenitis(a)rationallybasedupontheperceptionofthewitnesses(fivesenses)and(b)helpfultoaclearunderstandingofhisorhertestimony.Opinionsbasedonacommonexperienceareadmissible.Someexamplesofadmissiblewitnessopinionsarespeedofamovingobject,sourceofanodor,appearanceofaperson,stateofemotion,oridentityofavoiceorhandwriting.6.ExpertWitnessApersonmaybequalifiedasanexpertwitnessifheorshehasspecialknowledge,skill,experience,training,oreducationinasubjectsufficientlybeyondcommonexperience.Anexpertwitnessmaygiveanopinionbasedonprofessionalexperienceiftheexpert’sopinionwouldassistthetrieroffact(judge)inresolvinganissuerelevanttothecase.Expertsmustbequalifiedbeforetestifyingtoaprofessionalopinion.Qualifiedexpertsmaygiveanopinionbasedupontheirpersonalobservationsaswellasfactsmadeknowntothemat,orbefore,thetrial.Thefactsneednotbeadmissibleevidenceiftheyarethetypereasonablyrelieduponbyexpertsinthefield.Expertsmaygiveopinionsonultimateissuesincontroversyattrial.Inacriminalcase,anexpertmaynotstateanopinionastowhetherthedefendantdidordidnothavethementalstateinissue.7.CharacterEvidence“Characterevidence”isevidenceofaperson’spersonaltraitsorpersonalitytendencies(e.g.,honest,violent,greedy,dependable,etc.).Asageneralrule,characterevidenceisinadmissiblewhenofferedtoprovethatapersonactedinaccordancewithhisorhercharactertrait(s)onaspecificoccasion.TheSimplifiedRulesofEvidencerecognizethreeexceptionstothisrule:

1. Defendant’sowncharacterThedefensemayofferevidenceofthedefendant’sowncharacter(intheformofopinionorevidenceofreputation)toprovethatthedefendantactedinaccordancewithhisorhercharacteronaspecificoccasion(wherethedefendant’scharacterisinconsistentwiththeactsofwhichheorsheisaccused).Theprosecutioncanrebuttheevidence.(SeeUsageCommentsbelow.

32Peoplev.Freeman

2. Victim’scharacter

Thedefensemayofferevidenceofthevictim’scharacter(intheformofopinion,evidenceofreputation,orspecificinstancesofconduct)toprovethevictimactedinaccordancewithhisorhercharacteronaspecificoccasion(wherethevictim’scharacterwouldtendtoprovetheinnocenceofthedefendant).Theprosecutioncanrebuttheevidence.(Seeusagecommentsbelow.)

3. Witness’scharacter

Evidenceofawitness’scharacterfordishonesty(intheformofopinion,evidenceofreputation,orspecificinstancesofconduct)isadmissibletoattackthewitness’scredibility.Ifawitness’scharacterforhonestyhasbeenattackedbytheadmissionofbadcharacterevidence,thentheopposingpartymayrebutbypresentinggoodcharacterevidence(intheformofopinion,evidenceofreputation,orspecificinstancesofconduct)ofthewitness’struthfulness.

AdmissionofPriorActsforLimitedNon-CharacterEvidencePurposes

HabitorCustomtoProveSpecificBehaviorEvidenceofthehabitorroutinepracticeofapersonoranorganizationisadmissibletoproveconductonaspecificoccasioninconformitywiththehabitorroutinepractice.Habitorcustomevidenceisnotcharacterevidence.

PriorActtoProveMotive,Intent,Knowledge,Identity,orAbsenceofMistakeNothinginthissectionprohibitstheadmissionofevidencethatthedefendantcommittedacrime,civilwrong,orotheractwhenrelevanttoprovesomefact(suchasmotive,intent,knowledge,identity,orabsenceofmistakeoraccident)otherthanhisorherdispositiontocommitsuchanact.

8.Hearsay

Hearsayevidenceisevidenceofastatementthatwasmadeotherthanbyawitnesswhiletestifyingattrialandthatisofferedtoprovethetruthofthematterstated.(Thismeansthepersonwhoistestifyingtoanotherperson’sstatementisofferingthestatementtoproveitistrue.)Hearsayisconsidereduntrustworthybecausethedeclarant(akaspeaker)oftheout-of-courtstatementdidnotmakethestatementunderoathandisnotpresentincourttobecrossexamined.Becausethesestatementsareunreliable,theyordinarilyarenotadmissible.

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HearsayExceptionsOutofpracticalnecessity,thelawrecognizescertaintypesofhearsaythatmaybeadmissible.Exceptionshavebeenallowedforout-of-courtstatementsmadeundercircumstancesthatpromotegreaterreliability,providedthataproperfoundationhasbeenlaidforthestatements.TheSimplifiedRulesofEvidencerecognizeonlythefollowingexceptionstothehearsayrule:

a. Declarationagainstinterestisastatementwhich,whenmade,wascontrarytothedeclarant'sowneconomicinterest,orsubjectedthedeclaranttotheriskofcivilorcriminalliability,orcreatedariskofmakingthedeclarantanobjectofhatred,ridicule,orsocialdisgraceinthecommunity.Areasonablepersoninthedeclarant’spositionwouldnothavemadethestatementunlessthepersonbelievedittobetrue.

b. Excitedutteranceisastatementthatdescribesorexplainsaneventperceivedbythedeclarant,madeduringorshortlyafterastartlingevent,whilethedeclarantisstillunderthestressofexcitementcausedbytheevent.

c. Stateofmindreferstoastatementthatshowsthedeclarant’sthen-existingstateofmind,emotion,orphysicalcondition(includingastatementofintent,plan,motive,mentalstate,pain,orbodilyhealth).

d. Recordsmadeintheregularcourseofbusiness(includingmedicalrecords)arewritingsmadeasarecordofanactoreventbyabusinessorgovernmentalagency(MockTrialdoesnotrequirethecustodianoftherecordstotestify).Toqualifyasabusinessrecord,thefollowingconditionsmustbeestablished:(1)Thewritingwasmadeintheregularcourseofabusiness;(2)Thewritingwasmadeatornearthetimeoftheactorevent;and(3)Thesourcesofinformationandmethodofpreparationaretrustworthy.

e. Officialrecordsbypublicemployeesarewritingmadebyapublicemployeeasarecordofanactorevent.Thewritingmustbemadewithinthescopeofdutyofapublicemployee.

f. Priorinconsistentstatementisapriorstatementmadebyawitnessthatisinconsistentwiththewitness’strialtestimony.

g. Priorconsistentstatementisapriorstatementmadebyawitnessthatisconsistentwiththewitness’strialtestimony.Evidenceofapriorconsistentstatementcanonlybeofferedafterevidenceofapriorinconsistentstatementhasbeenadmittedforthepurposeofattackingthewitness’scredibility.Tobeadmissible,theconsistentstatementmusthavebeenmadebeforetheallegedinconsistentstatement.

h. Statementsforthepurposeofmedicaldiagnosisortreatmentarestatementsmadeforpurposesofmedicaldiagnosisortreatmentanddescribingmedicalhistory,pastorpresentsymptoms,pain,orsensations.

i. Reputationofaperson’scharacterinthecommunityisevidenceofaperson'sgeneralreputationwithreferencetohisorhercharacteroratraitofhisorhercharacteratarelevanttimeinthecommunityinwhichthepersonthenresidedorinagroupwithwhichthepersonhabituallyassociated.

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j. Dyingdeclarationisastatementmadebyadyingpersonaboutthecauseandcircumstancesofhisorherdeath,ifthestatementwasmadeonthatperson’spersonalknowledgeandunderasenseofimmediatelyimpendingdeath.

k. Co-conspirator’sstatementsarestatementsmadebythedeclarantwhileparticipatinginaconspiracytocommitacrimeorcivilwrong.Tobeadmissiblethefollowingmustbeestablished:(a)Thestatementwasmadeinfurtheranceoftheobjectiveofthatconspiracy;(b)thestatementwasmadepriortoorduringthetimethatthedeclarantwasparticipatinginthatconspiracy;and(c)theevidenceisofferedeitherafteradmissionofevidencesufficienttosustainafindingofthefactsspecifiedin(a)and(b)or,inthecourt’sdiscretionastotheorderofproof,subjecttotheadmissionofthisevidence.

l. Adoptiveadmissionisastatementofferedagainstaparty,thattheparty,withknowledgeofthecontentofthatstatement,hasbywordsorotherconductadoptedastrue.

m. Admissionbyapartyopponentisanystatementbyapartyinanactionwhenitisofferedagainstthatpartybyanopposingparty.Thestatementdoesnothavetobeagainstthedeclarant’sinterestatthetimethestatementwasmade.Objectionsforinappropriatelyphrasedquestions:

9.LeadingQuestionsAttorneysmaynotaskwitnessesleadingquestionsduringdirectexaminationorre-directexamination.Aleadingquestionisonethatsuggeststheanswerdesired.Leadingquestionsarepermittedoncross-examination.10.CompoundQuestionAcompoundquestionjoinstwoalternativeswith“and”or“or,”preventingtheinterrogationofawitnessfrombeingasrapid,distinct,oreffectiveforfindingthetruthasisreasonablypossible.11.NarrativeAnarrativequestionistoogeneralandcallsforthewitnessinessenceto“tellastory”orgiveabroadandnonspecificresponse.Theobjectionisbasedonthebeliefthatthequestionseriouslyinhibitsthesuccessfuloperationofatrialandtheultimatesearchforthetruth.12.ArgumentativeQuestionAnargumentativequestionchallengesthewitnessaboutaninferencefromthefactsinthecase.Thecross-examinermaynotharassawitness,becomeaccusatorytowardawitness,unnecessarilyinterruptthewitness’sanswer,ormakeunnecessarycommentsonthewitness’sresponses.Thesebehaviorsarealsoknownas“badgeringthewitness.”(Ifawitnessisnonresponsivetoaquestion,seethenon-responsiveobjection(#16)below.)

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13.AskedandAnsweredWitnessesshouldnotbeaskedaquestionthathaspreviouslybeenaskedandanswered.Thiscanseriouslyinhibittheeffectivenessofatrial.14.VagueandAmbiguousQuestionsQuestionsshouldbeclear,understandable,andasconciseaspossible.Theobjectionisbasedonthenotionthatwitnessescannotanswerquestionsproperlyiftheydonotunderstandthequestions.15.Non-ResponsiveWitnessAwitnesshasaresponsibilitytoanswertheattorney’squestions.Sometimesawitness’sreplyisvagueorthewitnesspurposelydoesnotanswertheattorney’squestion.Counselmayobjecttothewitness’snon-responsiveanswer.16.OutsidetheScopeofCross-ExaminationRe-directexaminationislimitedtoissuesraisedbytheopposingattorneyoncross-examination.Ifanattorneyasksquestionsbeyondtheissuesraisedoncross-examination,opposingcounselmayobjecttothem.ANOTEABOUTUNFAIREXTRAPOLATIONORINVENTIONOFFACT1. Thereareno“unfairextrapolation,”“inventionoffact”or“outsidetherecord”objections.

Attorneysshouldhandleimproperinventionoffactinthesamefashionasrealtrialattorneys:

throughimpeachment.

2. Oncross-examination,witnessesmustremainresponsiveandmaynotcontradicttheir

witnessstatements.However,ifacross-examinerasksaquestionwhoseanswerisnot

containedinthewitnessstatement,theattorneyhasforcedthewitnesstoinventfactsand

thewitnessmaygiveanyanswerthatdoesnotcontradicther/hiswitnessstatement.

3. Oncross-examination,witnessesmustremainresponsiveandmaynotcontradicttheir

witnessstatements.However,ifacross-examinerasksaquestionwhoseanswerisnot

containedinthewitnessstatement,theattorneyhasforcedthewitnesstoinventfactsand

thewitnessmaygiveanyanswerthatdoesnotcontradicther/hiswitnessstatement.

Witnessesmaynotdisclaimanystatementstheyhavegivenintheirwitnessstatements.In

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otherwords,thisrulepreventsawitnessfromsayingher/hisopinionortestimonyhaschanged,

s/hedidnotmeanwhats/hesaidpreviously,etc.

4. Witnessesmaynotdisclaimanystatementstheyhavegivenintheirwitnessstatements.In

otherwords,thisrulepreventsawitnessfromsayingher/hisopinionortestimonyhas

changed,s/hedidnotmeanwhats/hesaidpreviously,etc.