People in Radioactivity Discovery

7/29/2019 People in Radioactivity Discovery

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Radioactivity: Historical Figures

John Wilben Sibayan

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Are you familiar with ME?

Do you know WILHELM CONRAD

ROENTGEN?

Do you know HENRI BECQUEREL?

Do you know PIERRE CURIE and

MARIE CURIE?

Lastly.... Do you know ERNEST

RUTHERFORD?


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Lets start with......


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Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen


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I am WILHELM ROENTGEN!

November 8, 1895 (University of

Wurzburg)-His attention was drawn to a

glowing flourescent screen on the nearby

table. He determined that the flourescent

was caused by invisible rays.

Surprisingly, these mysterious rays

penetrated the opaque black paper aroundthe tube.


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He discovered X-rays, a momentous event

that instantly revolutionized the field of

Physics and medicine.

He received the FIRST Nobel Prize in

Physics in 1901.

He was expelled from his school because

of prank committed by another student.


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Example of an X-Ray


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He was even accused of having stolen the

discovery of X-rays by those who never

sought honors or financial profit.

However, he refused to take out any

patients in order that the world could

freely benefit from his work.


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Next was...


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Antoine Henri Becquerel


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I am HENRI BECQUEREL!

He was born into a family of scientists.

Upon learning how Roentgen discovered

x-rays from the flourescence they

produced, he had a ready source of

fluorescent materials with which to pursue

his own investigations of these mysterious

ways.


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The materials he chose to work with was

potassium uranyl sulfate K2UO2(SO4)2,which he exposed to sunlight and placed

on photographic plates wrapped in a black

paper. When developed, the plates

revealed an imageof the uranium crystals.


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Potassium Uranyl Sulfate


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He concluded that the phosphorescent

substance in question emits radiation

which penetrates paper opaque to light.

He had discovered radioactivity, the

spontaneous emmision of radiation by a

material.

For his discovery of radioactivity, he was

awardedthe 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.


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Radioactive Disc Plate


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And then....


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Marie and Pierre Curie


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I am the CURIEs!

By the time he met Marie Sklodowska,

Pierre Curie had already established an

reputation.

In 1880, he and his brother Jacques had

discovered piezoelectricity whereby

physical pressure applied to a crystal

resulted in the creation of an electricpotential.


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I am the CURIEs!

Shortly after his marriage to Marie,they

began investigating the phenomenon of

radioactivity recently discovered in

uranium ore.

The term RADIOACTIVITYwas

coined by Marie Curie.


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I am the CURIEs!

She concluded that uranium ore is to be

more active than pure uranium so she

concluded that more new elements were

also radioactive.

This led to the discoveries of polonium

and radium.

For their work on radioactivity, the Curies

got 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.


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I am the CURIEs!

Pierre was killed three later in an accident

while crossing the street in a rainstorm.

In his honor, the 1910 Radiology

Congress chose Curie as the basic unit of

radioactivity: the quantity of radon in

equilibrium with one gram of radium (1

Ci=3.7x1010 dps).


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I am the CURIEs!

She was awarded again a Nobel Peace

Prize for Chemistry for her discoveries of

polonium and radium.

Marie Curie died July 4, 1934, overtaken

by pernicious anemia no doubt caused by

years of overwork and radiation exposure.


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And lastly....


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Ernest Rutherford


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RUTHERFORD, present!

Considered the Father of Nuclear Physics.

He invented the language of radioactivity,

the alpha particle, beta particle and

proton.

He showed that elements such as uranium

and thorium became differentb elements

through the process of radioactive decay.


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RUTHERFORD, present!

He concluded that the atoms mass must

be concentrated in a small positively

charged nucleus while the electrons

inhabit the farthest reaches of the atom.

After the death in in 1937, he remains

were buried Westminster Abbey near

those with Isaac Newton.


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Rutherfords Alpha, Beta and Gamma


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Activity Check!

Scientist Contribution

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen X-ray

Antoine Henri Becquerel Radioactivity

Marie Sklodowska Curie Polonium and Radium

Ernest Rutherford Alpha, beta and proton, the half life

equation or radioactive decay.


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Activity Check!

1. How did Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

discover the x-ray?

- When Roentgen immediately determined that

the fluorescent was caused by invisible raysoriginating from the partially evacuated glass

Hittorf-Crookes tube to study cathode rays.

Surprisingly, these mysterious rays

penetrated the opaque black paper wrapped

around the tube.


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Activity Check!

2. How did Henri Becquerel discover

radioactivity?

-When the Potassium Uranyl Sulfate which he

exposed to sunlight and placed onphotographic plates wrapped in black paper.

When developed, the plates revealed an

image of uranium crystals. After many trials,

the image was still strong and clear.


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Activity Check!

2. How did Henri Becquerel discover

radioactivity?

-When the Potassium Uranyl Sulfate which he

exposed to sunlight and placed onphotographic plates wrapped in black paper.

When developed, the plates revealed an

image of uranium crystals. After many trials,

the image was still strong and clear.


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Activity Check!

2.How did the Curies discover the elemnts

radium and polonium?

- When they extracted the uranium ore and they

note the residual materials to be moreactive than pure uranium. She concluded

that the ore contained, addition to uranium,

new elements that were also radioactive.


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Activity Check!

3. Why is Ernest Rutherford considered as

the Father of Nuclear Physics?

- Because Rutherford invented the very

language to describe the theoretical conceptsof atom and the phenomenon of

radioactivity. He made also the atomic

model.

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People in Radioactivity Discovery