Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Pennsylvania Potato Research Report, 2014
Edited by:
Xinshun Qu &
Barbara J. Christ
Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, PA 16802
January 12, 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE Executive summary ...........................................................................................................
i
Progress report - Pennsylvania Regional Potato Germplasm Evaluation Program ..........
1
Yield and harvest data tables ............................................................................................
3
Notes on fresh colors of potato varieties/lines .................................................................. 33 Management of evaluation trials .......................................................................................
34
Field evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to late blight .........
35
Field evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to early blight ......
36
Field evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to powdery scab ...
37
Evaluation of foliar fungicides for control of potato late blight .......................................
38
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Penn State’s Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology potato research program can be categorized into five areas: 1) variety breeding and evaluation, 2) breeding for disease resistance (focused on early and late blight, and common and powdery scab), 3) biology and genetic variability of potato pathogens (focused on early and late blight and powdery scab), 4) chemical control and 5) integrated pest management of potatoes. Many of these projects are long term and only yearly results are presented here. 1. Variety Breeding and Evaluation At the Rock Springs location the trials included 73 round whites with a few yellow flesh, 36 red-skinned (a few purple skinned) and 52 russet or long white types. The Northampton Co. location had 36 lines and Erie Co. location had 47 lines. Breeding lines were contributed by the USDA-ARS, New York, Maine, Michigan, Idaho, Wisconsin, Colorado and a few other sources. See Pennsylvania Regional Potato Germplasm Evaluation Program, 2014 on pages 1-2, and tables from different locations on pages 3-34. 2. Breeding for Disease Resistance There are several projects focused around a cultivated diploid species hybrid population that can be easily intercrossed with common varieties. These are long term projects dealing with early and late blight resistance as well as powdery scab resistance. Results of these projects will not be presented here but results of small trials evaluating soon to be released lines for their reaction to early blight, late blight and powdery scab are presented. In three separate field trials, 39, 39 and 40 varieties and advanced breeding lines were evaluated for disease resistance to late blight, early blight, and powdery scab, respectively. Cultivar Kennebec was the moderately late blight resistant check; Rochdale Gold-Doree, NY150 (NYF52-1), Palisade Russet, NY148 (NYE106-4), CO00291-5R, NYH15-17, Dakota Trailblazer, BNC182-5, BNC244-10, NY136 (Strawberry Paw), MSQ086-3, and AF4342-3 were resistant to moderately resistant to late blight. See Field evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to late blight in Pennsylvania, 2014 on page 35. Dark Red Norland was included as early blight susceptible check cultivar. Nine cultivars/lines were characterized as resistant to moderately resistant to early blight: AF4342-3, Palisade Russet, Dakota Trailblazer, CO00291-5R, BNC182-5, Russet Burbank, AF4347-1, NY148 (NYE106-4), and AF3001-6. See Field evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to early blight in Pennsylvania, 2014 on page 36.
i
Kennebec and Shepody were included as powdery scab susceptible check cultivars and Russet Burbank was the moderately resistant check. Under high disease pressure, eight cultivars and breeding lines were classified as moderately resistant to powdery scab, and they include: AF4532-8, Russet Norkotah, AF3362-1, Teton Russet, Dakota Trailblazer, Snowden, AF3001-6, and Katahdin. See Field evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to powdery scab in Pennsylvania, 2014 on page 37. 3. Chemical Control of Potato Late Blight In the late blight fungicide trial 16 different treatments were compared to an untreated control. Under high disease pressure, all of the treatments significantly suppressed season-long foliar late blight compared to the untreated control. Fungicide programs with A20941, A20942 or Zing! only were the most effective and had among the highest yields. All of the treatments had higher yields than the untreated control. Nine treatments had significantly higher yields than the untreated control. See Evaluation of foliar fungicides for control of potato late blight in Pennsylvania, 2014 on page 38.
ii
Progress Report---December 20, 2014 Pennsylvania Regional Potato Germplasm Evaluation Program, 2014 Xinshun Qu, Michael Peck, Chad Moore and Barbara Christ Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology The Pennsylvania State University The objective of this project is to find new breeding lines that have adaptation to Pennsylvania potato growing regions, and have qualities that are suitable for either processing or tablestock use. We cooperate with the project leaders of several other potato breeding programs from the Northeast US and a few programs from the Midwest US and Canada by evaluating their potato germplasm. Data from this project helps breeders determine which lines to focus on for potential release as new varieties and also allows you to focus on very specific lines that may be released in the near future. Replicated and non-replicated plots were established at the following locations: Northampton Co. (Tables 1- 2), Erie Co. (Tables 3-4) and Rock Springs, Centre Co. (Tables 5-12). The Northampton location had 36 non-replicated lines. The Erie location had 47 lines non-replicate lines. At the Rock Springs location the trials included 49 round whites with a few yellow flesh, 29 red-skinned (a few purple skinned) and 32 russet or long white types in replicated plots, and an additional 24 whites, 7 red-skinned and 20 russet or long white types planted in non-replicated observational plots. At Northampton Co. and Erie Co. locations, the seed spacing was 8-inch within a 20-ft plot except for the russets that were at 10-inch. At Rock Springs location, the seed spacing was 8-inch within a 10-ft plot except for the russets and some whites that were at 10-inch. Commercial trials of four par-fry varieties (Easton, Norwis, Fontane, and W6234-4RUS) were conducted at three locations: Erie Co., Schuylkill Co. and Rock Springs, Centre Co. (Table 13-14). Another commercial trial of two chipping varieties (Sebec and AF4157-6) was conducted in Rock Springs, Centre Co. (Table 13-14). Early variety trials of five varieties (Superior, Early Valley, Envol, B2890-11, and Dark Red Norland) were conducted at two locations: Northampton Co. and Rock Springs, Centre Co. (Table 15-16). All other pertinent information for individual trials is found within the data tables or in Table 17-18. We assessed yield, tuber size, internal defects and external defects, skin color, texture, tuber shape, specific gravity and overall appearance. Chip quality tests and culinary tests will be conducted over the next few months. Notes on fresh colors of specific potato varieties/lines are provided in Table 17. Management information for each site is provided in Table 18. To interpret this data, one needs to know the yields for the check cultivars such as Atlantic, Snowden, Katahdin, Chieftain, Dark Red Norland, Russet Norkotah or Superior on your farm. Then compare the typical yield for this year on your farm to the data presented here. The yields tend to be inflated from these small plots but the ranking of the yields over the cultivars/lines usually is fairly consistent. Also the same method can be used to compare specific gravity and some of the other parameters. There are a few lines that will be very
1
specific to certain environments so make the comparison to the location that best matches your own or use the Rock Springs location as a fairly typical area for most of PA. Results: Northampton and Erie county trials: In the Northampton location the following lines also had marketable yield higher than Atlantic: Chieftain , BNC182-5, and Colomba. In Erie Co. the following also had marketable yield higher than Atlantic: Snowden, Chieftain, Sebec, AF4013-3, AF4442-4, BNC182-5, NY140, NY148, Lanorma, and Easton. Round White planted 8-inch apart in Rock Springs: Based on data of replicated trials at Rock Springs, there were 9 round white clones with marketable yields significantly greater than Atlantic: Snowden , AF4013-3, AF4138-8, NYH15-17, B2832-12, B2893-2, B2904-2, NY140, MSS576-05SPL, A00286-3Y, Lanorma, and Vivaldi. There were another 28 round white clones with marketable yields greater than Atlantic: Katahdin, Superior, Yukon Gold, Sebec, AF4157-6, B2833-16, BNC182-5, MSQ086-3, NY148, NY150, AF4386-16, AF4614-2, B2833-8, B2834-8, B2869-28, Lehigh, NY151, ATC00293-1W/Y, MSL007-B, MSR061-1, MI Purple Sport I, W5955-1, W5015-12, W6703-1y, Elfe, Soraya, and HER 01-61. Red-skinned planted 8-inch apart in Rock Springs: Based on data of replicated trials at Rock Springs, no red-skinned or purple-skinned clones with marketable yields was significantly greater than Chieftain. There were another 3 red-skinned or purple-skinned clones with marketable yields greater than Chieftain: A05182-7RY, W6002-1R, and A05180-3PY. Russet-skinned or white planted 10-inch apart in Rock Springs: Based on data of replicated trials at Rock Springs, there were 2 clones with marketable yields significantly greater than Russet Norkotah: Francisca and Parella. There were another 12 clones with marketable yields greater than Russet Norkotah: Russet Burbank, Teton Russet, Easton, AF4320-17, AF4347-1, CO99045-1W/Y, W9433-1rus, Lady Amarilla, Dione, Taurus, Colomba, and Atlantic. The results of chipping and French fry quality tests will be available in March 2015. The Pennsylvania Potato Research Program, the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture and USDA funded this research in conjunction with donations. This research is the result of cooperation of growers, industry and PSU staff. The growers hosting the plots provided contributions (land, fertilizer, pesticides, time, etc.). University of Maine, Cornell University, USDA, Idaho, Colorado State University, University of Wisconsin, Michigan State University potato breeding programs and Real Potatoes, Sunrain, Solanum International, HZPC companies provided seed. Special thanks to Bob Leiby and Andy Muza who made sure this project was completed.
2
3
%%
of
Tota
l>1
7/8
"U
S#1
Stan
dard
22
34
5A
tlant
ic45
039
588
100
4240
60
41.
098
Snow
den
346
308
8978
5131
70
01.
094
Reb
a40
837
792
9536
533
02
1.08
1K
atah
din
398
373
9494
4846
00
01.
081
Supe
rior
424
394
9310
042
447
03
1.07
9C
hief
tain
501
464
9311
743
409
00
1.07
7Y
ukon
Gol
d31
429
594
7532
5210
03
1.08
7Se
bec
(AF0
338-
17)
397
370
9394
3249
120
21.
091
AF4
013-
336
833
290
8442
435
00
1.09
0A
F415
7-6
369
320
8781
6819
00
11.
091
BN
C18
2-5
449
404
9010
247
386
00
1.10
3B
2152
-17
308
236
7760
707
00
01.
085
B26
76-2
267
181
6846
5810
00
41.
087
B27
38-3
410
388
9598
3146
180
01.
075
B28
32-1
244
039
289
9929
4911
04
1.09
7N
Y14
040
036
792
9335
4610
02
1.08
9N
Y14
134
429
185
7441
358
06
1.08
3N
Y14
827
923
986
6144
366
02
1.09
8N
Y15
139
435
690
9052
361
01
1.07
7La
mok
a37
532
286
8162
240
01
1.09
2W
anet
a29
327
193
6944
490
01
1.08
4M
SQ08
6-3
351
315
9080
5032
90
01.
078
W59
55-1
373
318
8580
3843
50
91.
094
W60
02-1
R33
924
873
6356
152
06
1.07
3W
8405
-1R
435
350
8089
5525
00
01.
076
Dar
k R
ed C
hief
tain
316
284
9072
5630
30
31.
073
Oria
na*
295
182
6246
4714
00
21.
073
Elfe
443
341
7786
4726
40
131.
083
Tabl
e 1.
Tot
al y
ield
, gre
ater
than
1 7
/8" y
ield
, per
cent
of s
tand
ard,
size
dist
ribut
ion,
per
cent
pic
k ou
ts a
nd s
peci
fic g
ravi
ty fo
r pot
ato
eval
uatio
n tri
al in
Nor
tham
pton
Cou
nty,
Gar
ry H
unsic
ker F
arm
, 201
4
Var
iety
/Lin
eY
ield
(cw
t/A)1
% b
y siz
e cl
ass3
%PO
4Sp
ecifi
c G
ravi
ty
4
%%
To
tal
>1 7
/8"
US#
1of
Sta
ndar
d22
34
5C
O09
8012
-5R
275
171
6243
548
00
21.
073
Col
omba
*50
843
786
111
5332
10
11.
058
Rus
set N
orko
tah*
254
198
7850
4533
00
71.
073
Dak
ota
Tria
lbla
zer*
337
287
8573
4831
70
51.
103
East
on*
323
296
9275
4136
150
41.
079
Font
ane*
378
284
7572
5218
50
61.
089
Nor
wis*
255
216
8555
3640
90
101.
066
W62
34-4
RU
S*40
031
278
7941
289
014
1.08
3
3 Perc
enta
ge o
f tot
al y
ield
acc
ordi
ng to
size
cla
ss.
2=1
.875
-2.5
in.,
3=2.
5-3.
25 in
., 4=
3.25
-4.0
in.,
5=>4
.0 in
.
Non
-repl
icat
ed tr
ial.
Var
ietie
s m
arke
d w
ith *
wer
e pl
ante
d 10
-in. a
part
with
24
seed
pie
ces
per 2
0-ft
plo
t, al
l oth
er v
arie
ties
wer
e sp
aced
8-in
. apa
rt w
ith 3
0 se
ed p
iece
s pe
r 20-
ft p
lot.
Yie
ld (c
wt/A
)1%
by
size
clas
s3
1 Yiel
d To
tal =
all
yiel
d in
clud
ing
pick
outs
. Yi
eld
>1 7
/8"
= ca
tego
ries
2, 3
, 4 a
nd 5
exc
ludi
ng p
icko
uts.
2 Perc
enta
ge o
f the
sta
ndar
d, A
tlant
ic, f
or >
1 7/
8" y
ield
.
4 Perc
enta
ge o
f tot
al th
at a
re p
icko
uts.
%PO
4Sp
ecifi
c G
ravi
tyV
arie
ty/L
ine
5
TAC
TXSh
TED
TCS
HH
IBR
hizo
cH
Gr
KG
ScSp
TA
tlant
ic5
65
25
51
00
00
01
00
0Sn
owde
n5
65
23
50
00
00
00
00
0R
eba
57
73
55
20
10
00
10
00
Kat
ahdi
n5
77
35
50
00
00
00
00
0Su
perio
r4
66
33
50
00
00
00
00
0C
hief
tain
52
73
64
00
00
00
00
00
Yuk
on G
old
56
72
55
00
00
00
00
00
Sebe
c (A
F033
8-17
)5
66
26
51
01
00
00
00
0A
F401
3-3
57
73
65
00
10
00
00
00
AF4
157-
64
66
26
60
01
00
00
00
0B
NC
182-
56
65
25
70
00
00
00
00
0B
2152
-17
62
72
56
00
00
00
00
00
B26
76-2
42
62
67
00
00
00
00
00
B27
38-3
66
52
66
00
00
00
00
00
B28
32-1
24
66
24
50
00
00
01
00
0N
Y14
05
76
35
50
00
00
01
00
0N
Y14
15
66
36
50
00
00
01
00
0N
Y14
85
66
25
51
00
00
00
00
0N
Y15
17
77
26
70
00
00
00
00
0La
mok
a5
66
35
50
00
00
00
00
0W
anet
a6
67
26
50
00
00
00
00
0M
SQ08
6-3
57
62
45
00
20
00
00
00
W59
55-1
66
52
45
00
00
00
10
00
W60
02-1
R6
28
36
60
00
00
00
00
0W
8405
-1R
62
73
65
00
00
00
00
00
Dar
k R
ed C
hief
tain
52
72
56
00
20
00
00
00
Oria
na6
78
37
50
00
00
00
00
0El
fe4
78
37
50
02
00
00
00
0
Tabl
e 2.
Tub
er c
hara
cter
istic
s, in
tern
al a
nd e
xter
nal d
efec
ts fo
r pot
ato
eval
uatio
n tri
al in
Nor
tham
pton
Cou
nty,
Gar
ry H
unsic
ker F
arm
, 201
4
Var
iety
/Lin
eTu
ber C
hara
cter
istic
s1In
tern
al D
efec
ts2
Exte
rnal
Def
ects
3
6
TAC
TXSh
TED
TCS
HH
IBR
hizo
cH
Gr
KG
ScSp
TC
O09
8012
-5R
62
82
67
00
10
10
00
00
Col
omba
67
82
55
00
00
00
00
00
Rus
set N
orko
tah
65
34
75
00
20
00
00
00
Dak
ota
Tria
lbla
zer
65
34
75
20
00
10
00
00
East
on5
66
46
40
00
00
00
00
0Fo
ntan
e4
66
37
50
00
00
00
00
0N
orw
is2
77
35
50
00
01
00
00
0W
6234
-4R
US
56
44
65
10
10
00
00
00
Exte
rnal
Def
ects
3
1 Tube
r Cha
ract
eris
tics:
TA
= tu
ber a
ppea
ranc
e: 1
= v
ery
poor
, 5=
fair,
9 =
exc
elle
nt.
C =
skin
col
or: 1
= p
urpl
e, 2
= re
d, 3
= p
ink,
4 =
dar
k br
own,
5 =
bro
wn,
6 =
tan,
7 =
buf
f, 8
= w
hite
, 9 =
cre
am.
Scal
e =
0-4,
with
0 =
not
obs
erve
d, 1
= s
light
to 4
= v
ery
seve
re.
TED
= tu
ber e
ye d
epth
: 1 =
ver
y de
ep, 5
= m
ediu
m, 9
= v
ery
shal
low
. TCS
= tu
ber c
ross
sec
tion:
1 =
ver
y fla
t, 5
= in
term
edia
te, 9
= v
ery
roun
d.
2 Inte
rnal
Def
ects
: HH
= h
ollo
w h
eart,
IB =
inte
rnal
bro
wni
ng.
Tota
l num
ber o
bser
ved
out o
f 10
tube
rs.
0 =
not o
bser
ved.
3 Ex
tern
al D
efec
ts: R
= R
hizo
cton
ia, H
= h
airli
ne c
rack
s, G
r = g
row
th c
rack
s, K
= k
nobs
, G =
sun
burn
, Sc
= sc
ab, S
p =
spro
uts,
T =
sec
onda
ry tu
bers
.
T
X =
ski
n te
xtur
e: 1
= p
artia
l rus
set,
2 =
heav
y ru
sset
, 3 =
mod
. rus
set,
4 =
light
russ
et, 5
= n
ette
d, 6
= s
light
net
, 7 =
mod
. sm
ooth
, 8 =
sm
ooth
, 9 =
ver
y sm
ooth
.Sh
= tu
ber s
hape
: 1 =
roun
d, 2
= m
ostly
roun
d, 3
= ro
und-
oblo
ng, 4
= m
ostly
obl
ong,
5 =
obl
ong,
6 =
obl
ong-
long
, 7 =
mos
tly lo
ng, 8
= lo
ng, 9
= c
ylin
dric
al.
Var
iety
/Lin
eTu
ber C
hara
cter
istic
s1In
tern
al D
efec
ts2
7
%%
of
Tota
l>1
7/8
"U
S#1
Stan
dard
22
34
5A
tlant
ic38
626
268
100
1638
150
291.
084
Snow
den
455
332
7312
719
3816
024
1.09
1R
eba
226
172
7666
1740
190
201.
079
Kat
ahdi
n27
520
775
7922
468
017
1.07
5Su
perio
r27
822
983
8834
3811
010
1.07
5Y
ukon
Gol
d33
621
764
8312
2527
032
1.07
5C
hief
tain
315
274
8710
530
3717
36
1.07
0D
ark
Red
Chi
efta
in14
612
787
4931
3918
07
1.06
7Se
bec
(AF0
338-
17)
356
293
8211
212
4031
015
1.08
0A
F401
3-3
413
271
6610
324
2913
024
1.09
1A
F415
7-6
329
197
6075
3525
00
331.
081
AF4
442-
430
726
887
102
1348
260
111.
072
BN
C18
2-5
529
406
7715
517
3623
018
1.08
8B
2676
-221
611
252
4328
168
037
1.07
8B
2738
-324
614
961
5715
2817
035
1.06
5N
Y14
043
929
066
111
2122
230
291.
084
NY
141
313
246
7894
2129
290
171.
070
NY
148
655
503
7719
217
3723
020
1.09
1N
Y15
122
070
3227
1213
70
621.
062
Wan
eta
281
191
6873
1828
220
281.
074
MSQ
086-
336
923
764
9114
3414
328
1.07
0W
5955
-113
389
6634
1841
70
271.
071
W67
03-1
Y21
615
673
6036
289
015
1.07
1W
6002
-1R
196
150
7757
3438
40
91.
063
W84
05-1
R24
520
082
7626
2823
410
1.06
9W
6609
-326
420
678
7926
439
011
1.07
8W
5015
-12
291
168
5864
2424
100
351.
080
Elfe
314
169
5464
1728
90
421.
066
Lano
rma
502
429
8516
416
3234
310
1.06
8Sm
iley
186
100
5438
1924
110
371.
067
Sora
ya28
919
768
7522
3412
028
1.05
7
Tabl
e 3.
Tot
al y
ield
, gre
ater
than
1 7
/8" y
ield
, per
cent
of s
tand
ard,
size
dist
ribut
ion,
per
cent
pic
kout
s an
d sp
ecifi
c gr
avity
for p
otat
o ev
alua
tion
trial
in E
rie C
ount
y, M
ark
Troy
er F
arm
, 201
4
Yie
ld (c
wt/A
)1Sp
ecifi
c G
ravi
ty%
by
size
clas
s3
%PO
4V
arie
ty/L
ine
8
%%
To
tal
>1 7
/8"
US#
1of
Sta
ndar
d22
34
5V
ival
di21
514
166
5428
2216
025
1.05
9O
riana
*23
918
176
6948
225
03
1.07
0Fr
anci
sca*
347
250
7296
3830
50
151.
062
Rus
set N
orko
tah*
9845
4517
2417
40
431.
065
Dak
ota
Tria
lbla
zer*
231
139
6053
1419
234
351.
095
East
on*
341
281
8310
839
3112
016
1.08
0Fo
ntan
e*22
415
971
6140
256
018
1.07
4W
6234
-4R
US*
146
6243
2419
240
052
1.07
0D
ione
*17
272
4228
2715
00
421.
071
Lady
Am
arilla
*35
824
669
9428
2516
018
1.07
9A
F428
3-1*
300
149
5057
2019
100
431.
071
W81
52-1
rus*
127
7458
2833
214
027
1.07
7Ta
urus
*32
723
371
8928
376
021
1.08
6Su
perio
r12
810
280
3939
410
016
1.06
4Ea
rly V
alle
y10
264
6224
2340
00
331.
058
Envo
l10
469
6626
3324
90
231.
059
3 Perc
enta
ge o
f tot
al y
ield
acc
ordi
ng to
size
cla
ss.
2=1
.875
-2.5
in.,
3=2.
5-3.
25 in
., 4=
3.25
-4.0
in.,
5=>4
.0 in
.
Non
-repl
icat
ed tr
ial.
Var
ietie
s m
arke
d w
ith *
wer
e pl
ante
d 10
-in. a
part
with
24
seed
pie
ces
per 2
0-ft
plo
t, al
l oth
er v
arie
ties
wer
e sp
aced
8-in
. apa
rt w
ith 3
0 se
ed p
iece
s pe
r 20-
ft p
lot.
4 Perc
enta
ge o
f tot
al th
at a
re p
icko
uts.
2 Perc
enta
ge o
f the
sta
ndar
d, A
tlant
ic, f
or >
1 7/
8" y
ield
.
Var
iety
/Lin
eY
ield
(cw
t/A)1
% b
y siz
e cl
ass3
%PO
4
1 Yiel
d To
tal =
all
yiel
d in
clud
ing
pick
outs
. Yi
eld
>1 7
/8"
= ca
tego
ries
2, 3
, 4 a
nd 5
exc
ludi
ng p
icko
uts.
Spec
ific
Gra
vity
9
TAC
TXSh
TED
TCS
HH
IBR
hizo
cH
Gr
KG
ScSp
TA
tlant
ic4
65
24
55
01
01
22
00
0Sn
owde
n4
65
24
68
01
00
03
00
0R
eba
47
73
55
20
00
00
10
00
Kat
ahdi
n4
67
35
54
01
00
02
10
0Su
perio
r4
66
34
50
00
01
01
00
0Y
ukon
Gol
d4
77
36
55
00
00
13
00
0C
hief
tain
52
73
55
00
00
10
10
00
Dar
k R
ed C
hief
tain
62
72
56
20
00
00
00
00
Sebe
c (A
F033
8-17
)5
66
34
53
01
00
12
10
0A
F401
3-3
47
73
55
20
10
10
21
00
AF4
157-
65
76
25
50
00
02
03
10
0A
F444
2-4
46
62
54
90
00
00
20
00
BN
C18
2-5
56
63
65
30
10
00
30
00
B26
76-2
42
73
65
00
00
10
30
00
B27
38-3
57
62
55
20
00
00
20
00
NY
140
47
63
55
30
10
00
40
00
NY
141
47
73
55
00
00
00
10
00
NY
148
46
62
55
00
00
01
30
00
NY
151
67
82
67
00
00
00
40
00
Wan
eta
57
73
54
50
00
00
30
00
MSQ
086-
34
76
24
50
01
02
03
10
0W
5955
-15
66
25
50
00
00
02
00
0W
6703
-1Y
47
72
45
10
00
00
21
00
W60
02-1
R6
27
36
60
00
00
01
00
0W
8405
-1R
52
73
55
00
00
00
10
00
W66
09-3
57
62
55
10
00
00
20
00
W50
15-1
24
66
25
45
00
01
03
00
0El
fe4
78
36
41
00
00
32
00
0La
norm
a5
77
46
40
00
00
12
00
0Sm
iley
52
83
75
00
00
00
30
00
Sora
ya5
77
36
50
00
00
13
00
0
Tabl
e 4.
Tub
er c
hara
cter
istic
s, in
tern
al a
nd e
xter
nal d
efec
ts fo
r pot
ato
eval
uatio
n tri
al in
Erie
Cou
nty,
Mar
k Tr
oyer
Far
m, 2
014
Inte
rnal
Def
ects
2Ex
tern
al D
efec
ts3
Var
iety
/Lin
eTu
ber C
hara
cter
istic
s1
10
TAC
TXSh
TED
TCS
HH
IBR
hizo
cH
Gr
KG
ScSp
TV
ival
di5
77
36
50
00
00
12
00
0O
riana
67
83
65
00
00
00
11
00
Fran
cisc
a5
78
36
50
01
00
02
00
0R
usse
t Nor
kota
h3
64
47
50
01
00
11
00
0D
akot
a Tr
ialb
laze
r4
54
45
43
00
01
11
00
0Ea
ston
47
64
64
10
00
01
20
00
Font
ane
47
63
65
20
00
10
10
00
W62
34-4
RU
S4
66
47
50
00
00
03
10
0D
ione
56
43
74
20
00
21
20
00
Lady
Am
arilla
47
74
64
20
00
01
10
00
AF4
283-
13
66
46
50
00
00
31
00
0W
8152
-1ru
s3
53
46
50
00
01
01
10
0Ta
urus
47
72
55
20
00
10
20
00
Supe
rior
47
63
45
20
00
00
10
00
Early
Val
ley
57
62
65
00
00
10
10
00
Envo
l5
77
35
50
00
00
01
00
0
T
X =
ski
n te
xtur
e: 1
= p
artia
l rus
set,
2 =
heav
y ru
sset
, 3 =
mod
. rus
set,
4 =
light
russ
et, 5
= n
ette
d, 6
= s
light
net
, 7 =
mod
. sm
ooth
, 8 =
sm
ooth
, 9 =
ver
y sm
ooth
.
Scal
e =
0-4,
with
0 =
not
obs
erve
d, 1
= s
light
to 4
= v
ery
seve
re.
Var
iety
/Lin
eTu
ber C
hara
cter
istic
s1
1 Tube
r Cha
ract
eris
tics:
TA
= tu
ber a
ppea
ranc
e: 1
= v
ery
poor
, 5=
fair,
9 =
exc
elle
nt.
Inte
rnal
Def
ects
2Ex
tern
al D
efec
ts3
TED
= tu
ber e
ye d
epth
: 1 =
ver
y de
ep, 5
= m
ediu
m, 9
= v
ery
shal
low
. TCS
= tu
ber c
ross
sec
tion:
1 =
ver
y fla
t, 5
= in
term
edia
te, 9
= v
ery
roun
d.
Sh
= tu
ber s
hape
: 1 =
roun
d, 2
= m
ostly
roun
d, 3
= ro
und-
oblo
ng, 4
= m
ostly
obl
ong,
5 =
obl
ong,
6 =
obl
ong-
long
, 7 =
mos
tly lo
ng, 8
= lo
ng, 9
= c
ylin
dric
al.
3 Exte
rnal
Def
ects
: R =
Rhi
zoct
onia
, H =
hai
rline
cra
cks,
Gr =
gro
wth
cra
cks,
K =
kno
bs, G
= s
unbu
rn, S
c =
scab
, Sp
= sp
rout
s, T
= s
econ
dary
tube
rs.
C =
skin
col
or: 1
= p
urpl
e, 2
= re
d, 3
= p
ink,
4 =
dar
k br
own,
5 =
bro
wn,
6 =
tan,
7 =
buf
f, 8
= w
hite
, 9 =
cre
am.
2 Inte
rnal
Def
ects
: HH
= h
ollo
w h
eart,
IB =
inte
rnal
bro
wni
ng.
Tota
l num
ber o
bser
ved
out o
f 10
tube
rs.
0 =
not o
bser
ved.
11
%Sp
ecifi
cTo
tal
>1 7
/8"
US#
12
34
5G
ravi
tyA
tlant
ic29
822
272
100
2532
150
231.
090
Kat
ahdi
n28
423
483
105
3035
180
121.
080
Reb
a24
321
390
9632
4315
06
1.07
5R
ochd
ale
Gol
d-D
oree
269
221
8399
2340
210
131.
081
Snow
den
387
323
8314
522
4418
013
1.09
2Su
perio
r31
127
788
125
2041
270
61.
075
Yuk
on G
old
260
238
9210
711
3641
56
1.08
5A
F033
8-17
(Seb
ec)
308
267
8712
019
4622
09
1.08
6A
F401
3-3
383
341
8915
322
597
03
1.09
0A
F413
8-8
417
369
8816
630
4415
06
1.06
7A
F415
7-6
304
259
8511
628
4413
06
1.07
3B
2833
-16
355
290
8113
125
4413
014
1.09
1B
NC
182-
534
629
886
134
2038
262
91.
090
MSQ
086-
334
528
683
129
3539
90
71.
085
NY
148
381
301
7913
615
3722
517
1.09
2N
Y15
036
124
970
112
4621
30
151.
081
NY
H15
-17
520
419
8018
913
3529
317
1.08
7A
F438
6-16
287
244
8411
028
515
07
1.08
7A
F444
2-4
215
192
9086
3043
170
31.
085
AF4
614-
233
829
087
130
1437
350
91.
075
AF4
730-
236
224
466
110
2229
150
261.
079
B28
32-1
241
834
983
157
1936
272
141.
093
B28
33-8
290
263
9011
826
587
04
1.09
4B
2834
-827
625
693
115
1963
120
41.
084
B28
69-2
833
430
090
135
2552
130
41.
083
B28
93-2
385
332
8715
032
4213
08
1.08
7B
2904
-238
633
186
149
2146
190
91.
076
BN
C32
6-14
251
201
8090
3439
70
121.
076
Lehi
gh32
429
090
131
1544
292
71.
084
Tabl
e 5.
Tot
al y
ield
, gre
ater
than
1 7
/8" y
ield
, per
cent
of s
tand
ard,
size
dist
ribut
ion,
per
cent
pic
kout
s, an
d sp
ecifi
c gr
avity
for r
ound
w
hite
pot
ato
eval
uatio
n tri
al in
Roc
k Sp
rings
, Pla
nt P
atho
logy
Far
m, 2
014
Var
iety
/Lin
eY
ield
(cw
t/A)1
% o
f St
anda
rd2
% b
y siz
e cl
ass3
%PO
4
12
%Sp
ecifi
cTo
tal
>1 7
/8"
US#
12
34
5G
ravi
tyN
Y14
040
433
283
149
1130
411
151.
080
NY
141
275
216
8397
1344
260
121.
079
NY
151
363
278
7912
519
4415
015
1.06
6A
TC00
293-
1W/Y
422
306
7113
724
2918
025
1.07
0M
anist
ee26
321
381
9620
4120
015
1.08
2M
SL00
7-B
291
274
9412
331
5311
00
1.09
8M
SR06
1-1
315
253
8011
423
3820
015
1.08
3M
SS57
6-05
SPL
433
346
8015
615
3728
016
1.07
6M
I Pur
ple
Spor
t I32
626
180
117
2030
290
141.
073
A00
286-
3Y57
343
876
197
2837
110
171.
082
W59
55-1
388
311
8114
014
4225
016
1.08
9W
5015
-12
351
291
8313
126
4116
013
1.08
8W
6609
-326
620
980
9437
377
09
1.08
1W
6703
-1y
284
250
8811
224
5212
06
1.07
8O
riana
286
214
7496
5420
00
31.
068
Elfe
399
241
6110
820
382
034
1.07
1La
norm
a39
632
984
148
1848
180
121.
077
Sora
ya38
624
363
109
2632
50
321.
062
Viv
aldi
497
358
7416
129
3014
119
1.06
9H
ER 0
1-61
387
253
6511
442
213
020
1.09
0La
mok
a*44
138
988
175
1746
260
81.
098
Wan
eta*
336
270
8012
116
4024
015
1.08
2N
Y15
2 (H
15-5
)*44
436
582
164
2643
130
101.
097
J21-
5*32
130
394
136
3559
00
11.
078
AF5
042-
8*40
828
470
128
535
290
291.
089
AF5
140-
1*26
525
697
115
846
430
01.
077
AF5
142-
1*47
940
184
181
2351
100
91.
085
AF5
386-
4*28
724
987
112
2952
60
71.
098
AF5
415-
1*39
625
364
114
730
226
351.
078
AF5
426-
1*35
532
592
146
1744
300
51.
083
AF5
432-
5*47
040
687
183
1947
165
91.
089
AF5
447-
4*21
216
879
753
4036
020
1.08
5
%PO
4V
arie
ty/L
ine
Yie
ld (c
wt/A
)1%
of
Stan
dard
2%
by
size
clas
s3
13
%Sp
ecifi
cTo
tal
>1 7
/8"
US#
12
34
5G
ravi
tyB
2954
-11*
251
196
7888
2846
40
141.
083
B30
05-6
*41
739
093
176
1846
300
51.
082
B30
05-7
*32
327
385
123
3841
50
101.
094
B30
32-6
*26
822
584
101
3043
110
111.
095
BN
C36
4-1*
243
232
9510
428
5710
04
1.09
1B
NC
369-
4*36
435
999
161
1150
380
01.
084
AC
0020
6-2W
*30
925
783
115
2055
80
151.
085
AC
0345
2-2W
*37
733
188
149
3542
110
71.
076
CO
0409
9-3W
/Y*
478
337
7015
128
384
021
1.09
2C
O02
024-
9W*
404
343
8515
435
482
09
1.09
1C
O02
321-
4W*
213
182
8582
4531
90
21.
101
AC
0115
1-5W
*51
237
373
168
3138
40
201.
090
LSD
113
100
1313
1412
312
3 Perc
enta
ge o
f tot
al y
ield
acc
ordi
ng to
size
cla
ss.
2=1
.875
-2.5
in.,
3=2.
5-3.
25 in
., 4=
3.25
-4.0
in.,
5=>4
.0 in
.
Repl
icat
ed tr
ials
are
the
aver
age
of 3
repl
icat
es e
xcep
t for
thos
e lin
es w
ith *
whi
ch w
ere
non-
repl
icat
ed.
LSD
indi
cate
s le
ast s
igni
fican
t diff
eren
ce (P
= 0
.05)
, cal
cula
ted
for r
eplic
ated
var
ietie
s.
Var
iety
/Lin
eY
ield
(cw
t/A)1
% o
f St
anda
rd2
% b
y siz
e cl
ass3
%PO
4
Plan
ted
8-in
. apa
rt w
ith 1
5 se
ed p
iece
s pe
r 10-
ft pl
ot.
2 Perc
enta
ge o
f the
sta
ndar
d, A
tlant
ic, f
or >
1 7/
8" y
ield
.
4 Perc
enta
ge o
f tot
al th
at a
re p
icko
uts.
1 Yiel
d To
tal =
all
yiel
d in
clud
ing
pick
outs
. Yi
eld
>1 7
/8"
= ca
tego
ries
2, 3
, 4 a
nd 5
exc
ludi
ng p
icko
uts.
14
TAC
TXSh
TED
TCS
HH
IBR
hizo
cH
Gr
KG
ScSp
TA
tlant
ic4
66
24
50
01
01
01
00
0K
atah
din
47
63
55
30
20
00
10
00
Reb
a5
77
35
50
01
01
01
00
0R
ochd
ale
Gol
d-D
oree
47
72
55
00
10
10
10
01
Snow
den
46
52
45
50
10
11
10
00
Supe
rior
47
63
45
10
10
00
00
00
Yuk
on G
old
47
72
66
10
10
00
10
00
AF0
338-
175
66
35
50
02
00
01
00
0A
F401
3-3
47
73
65
00
20
00
10
00
AF4
138-
84
66
25
60
01
01
00
00
0A
F415
7-6
56
62
55
00
10
00
10
00
B28
33-1
64
65
24
54
01
01
00
00
0B
NC
182-
54
76
36
52
02
00
01
00
0M
SQ08
6-3
57
72
65
00
20
00
10
00
NY
148
47
62
55
10
20
10
10
00
NY
150
47
82
76
00
10
00
10
00
NY
H15
-17
46
63
54
70
10
00
20
00
AF4
386-
165
65
26
60
01
00
01
00
0A
F444
2-4
57
62
55
00
10
00
00
00
AF4
614-
24
77
26
40
00
00
01
00
0A
F473
0-2
46
72
75
00
10
10
10
01
B28
32-1
23
76
25
44
01
00
11
00
0B
2833
-85
76
24
52
01
00
01
10
0B
2834
-84
65
23
50
01
00
00
00
0B
2869
-28
57
72
36
00
00
10
00
00
B28
93-2
47
73
45
10
20
00
10
00
B29
04-2
47
63
45
40
20
00
10
00
BN
C32
6-14
56
63
65
00
10
01
10
00
Lehi
gh5
66
35
51
01
00
01
00
0
Tabl
e 6.
Tub
er c
hara
cter
istic
s, in
tern
al a
nd e
xter
nal d
efec
ts fo
r rou
nd w
hite
pot
ato
eval
uatio
n tri
al in
Roc
k Sp
rings
, Pla
nt P
atho
logy
Far
m,
2014
Exte
rnal
Def
ects
3
Var
iety
/Lin
eTu
ber C
hara
cter
istic
s1In
tern
al D
efec
ts2
15
TAC
TXSh
TED
TCS
HH
IBR
hizo
cH
Gr
KG
ScSp
TN
Y14
05
66
35
54
01
00
11
10
0N
Y14
15
77
25
50
01
00
01
00
0N
Y15
15
77
25
50
01
00
02
00
0A
TC00
293-
1W/Y
47
83
65
90
20
10
10
00
Man
istee
56
52
45
30
10
10
11
00
MSL
007-
B5
55
25
50
01
00
00
00
0M
SR06
1-1
46
52
45
20
10
01
11
00
MSS
576-
05SP
L5
77
24
50
01
01
01
00
0M
I Pur
ple
Spor
t I5
77
34
40
00
01
01
00
0A
0028
6-3Y
47
73
64
21
10
11
10
10
W59
55-1
46
63
55
30
10
10
10
00
W50
15-1
24
65
25
47
02
01
01
00
0W
6609
-35
76
25
52
01
01
01
00
0W
6703
-1y
46
62
55
00
10
00
10
00
Oria
na5
88
37
50
00
00
00
00
0El
fe4
77
35
50
11
00
11
00
0La
norm
a4
78
36
41
00
00
01
00
0So
raya
47
73
65
00
10
02
10
00
Viv
aldi
57
63
65
00
10
00
11
00
HER
01-
614
77
35
50
01
00
01
00
0La
mok
a*5
66
24
50
01
00
01
00
0W
anet
a*5
67
35
50
02
00
01
00
0N
Y15
2 (H
15-5
)*4
66
25
63
01
00
01
00
0J2
1-5*
57
73
65
00
10
00
00
00
AF5
042-
8*3
77
25
61
02
00
11
00
0A
F514
0-1*
56
62
57
00
30
00
00
00
AF5
142-
1*5
66
25
53
01
00
10
00
0A
F538
6-4*
46
73
44
00
20
00
00
00
AF5
415-
1*5
67
36
60
00
03
00
00
0A
F542
6-1*
57
73
55
00
10
00
00
00
AF5
432-
5*5
66
35
52
03
00
11
00
0A
F544
7-4*
56
62
56
00
10
10
00
00
Inte
rnal
Def
ects
2Ex
tern
al D
efec
ts3
Var
iety
/Lin
eTu
ber C
hara
cter
istic
s1
16
TAC
TXSh
TED
TCS
HH
IBR
hizo
cH
Gr
KG
ScSp
TB
2954
-11*
56
62
56
10
00
00
10
00
B30
05-6
*5
55
35
50
00
00
00
00
0B
3005
-7*
46
63
65
20
10
01
00
00
B30
32-6
*5
67
36
61
02
01
00
00
0B
NC
364-
1*5
77
36
50
00
00
00
00
0B
NC
369-
4*5
66
36
62
03
00
00
00
0A
C00
206-
2W*
57
72
57
00
20
10
10
00
AC
0345
2-2W
*5
77
25
50
01
00
01
00
0C
O04
099-
3W/Y
*4
66
36
42
11
00
01
00
0C
O02
024-
9W*
56
73
55
00
20
00
10
00
CO
0232
1-4W
*5
67
25
41
03
00
00
00
0A
C01
151-
5W*
57
72
65
20
10
00
21
00
1 Tube
r Cha
ract
eris
tics:
TA
= tu
ber a
ppea
ranc
e: 1
= v
ery
poor
, 5=
fair,
9 =
exc
elle
nt.
C =
skin
col
or: 1
= p
urpl
e, 2
= re
d, 3
= p
ink,
4 =
dar
k br
own,
5 =
bro
wn,
6 =
tan,
7 =
buf
f, 8
= w
hite
, 9 =
cre
am.
Scal
e =
0-4,
with
0 =
not
obs
erve
d, 1
= s
light
to 4
= v
ery
seve
re.
TED
= tu
ber e
ye d
epth
: 1 =
ver
y de
ep, 5
= m
ediu
m, 9
= v
ery
shal
low
. TCS
= tu
ber c
ross
sec
tion:
1 =
ver
y fla
t, 5
= in
term
edia
te, 9
= v
ery
roun
d.
2 Inte
rnal
Def
ects
: HH
= h
ollo
w h
eart,
IB =
inte
rnal
bro
wni
ng. T
otal
num
ber o
bser
ved
out o
f 12
tube
rs fo
r rep
licat
ed tr
ials
and
tota
l num
ber o
ut o
f 4
for n
on re
plic
ated
tria
ls (m
arke
d w
ith *
). 0
= n
ot o
bser
ved.
3 Exte
rnal
Def
ects
: R =
Rhi
zoct
onia
, H =
hai
rline
cra
cks,
Gr =
gro
wth
cra
cks,
K =
kno
bs, G
= s
unbu
rn, S
c =
scab
, Sp
= sp
rout
s, T
= s
econ
dary
tube
rs.
Sh =
tube
r sha
pe: 1
= ro
und,
2 =
mos
tly ro
und,
3 =
roun
d-ob
long
, 4 =
mos
tly o
blon
g, 5
= o
blon
g, 6
= o
blon
g-lo
ng, 7
= m
ostly
long
, 8 =
long
, 9 =
cyl
indr
ical
.
TX
= s
kin
text
ure:
1 =
par
tial r
usse
t, 2
= he
avy
russ
et, 3
= m
od. r
usse
t, 4
= lig
ht ru
sset
, 5 =
net
ted,
6 =
slig
ht n
et, 7
= m
od. s
moo
th, 8
= s
moo
th, 9
= v
ery
smoo
th.
Var
iety
/Lin
eTu
ber C
hara
cter
istic
s1In
tern
al D
efec
ts2
Exte
rnal
Def
ects
3
17
%Sp
ecifi
cTo
tal
>1 7
/8"
US#
12
34
5G
ravi
tyC
hief
tain
402
324
8010
019
3724
016
1.07
1D
ark
Red
Nor
land
325
211
6565
2236
70
291.
069
B26
76-2
280
228
8270
4530
70
91.
086
BN
C24
4-10
349
281
8087
4329
80
51.
087
CO
0029
1-5R
332
279
8486
2942
130
91.
072
CO
0980
12-5
R40
430
175
9333
347
015
1.07
9N
Y13
6 (S
traw
berr
y Pa
w)
327
265
8282
2340
171
121.
070
SF45
50-2
252
209
8265
2751
40
71.
076
AF4
593-
127
824
084
7424
519
09
1.06
5A
F481
5-1
269
196
7160
2141
100
241.
065
AF4
831-
235
030
588
9440
399
03
1.07
1A
F483
1-3
354
289
8289
1835
262
121.
066
AF4
985-
132
622
570
6919
3912
025
1.07
2B
2152
-17
418
362
8611
237
454
04
1.07
3B
NC
201-
131
928
991
8927
558
03
1.08
6B
NC
315-
531
125
481
7826
478
012
1.06
6K
100-
333
227
483
8521
4616
010
1.05
5C
O04
056-
3P/P
W26
013
753
4242
110
08
1.07
9C
O04
063-
4R/R
300
143
4844
407
00
41.
066
CO
0040
5-1R
F23
810
845
3330
142
021
1.07
7M
SR22
6-A
RR
307
201
6662
3925
20
201.
079
MSX
007-
4RR
345
188
5458
2622
70
251.
073
A05
182-
7RY
547
422
7713
031
3511
012
1.08
4W
6002
-1R
402
356
8911
033
4512
03
1.06
6W
8405
-1R
419
312
7496
3634
40
161.
072
Smile
y33
923
669
7328
365
023
1.08
3D
ark
Red
Chi
efta
in25
821
784
6720
4222
09
1.07
2H
ZC 0
1-60
8737
124
265
7515
3416
031
1.08
6A
0518
0-3P
Y49
235
673
110
2345
50
161.
077
Var
iety
/Lin
e
Tabl
e 7.
Tot
al y
ield
, gre
ater
than
1 7
/8" y
ield
, per
cent
of s
tand
ard,
size
dist
ribut
ion,
per
cent
pic
kout
s, an
d sp
ecifi
c gr
avity
for
red
or p
urpl
e sk
inne
d po
tato
eva
luat
ion
trial
in R
ock
Sprin
gs, P
lant
Pat
holo
gy F
arm
, 201
4
Yie
ld (c
wt/A
)1%
of
Stan
dard
2%
by
size
clas
s3
%PO
4
18
%Sp
ecifi
cTo
tal
>1 7
/8"
US#
12
34
5G
ravi
tyA
F484
5-3*
165
124
7538
1741
160
141.
063
AF5
245-
1*28
617
360
5342
180
019
1.08
1W
AF1
0209
R-8
*40
534
685
107
2236
270
61.
063
ND
AF1
0256
8C-2
*31
318
760
5813
3115
037
1.05
6B
NC
306-
3*30
924
479
7539
346
09
1.07
3C
O04
067-
8R/Y
*18
111
061
3432
290
028
1.08
9Pu
rple
Hea
rt*33
828
584
8833
2725
09
1.07
2LS
D11
710
011
912
112
10
3 Perc
enta
ge o
f tot
al y
ield
acc
ordi
ng to
size
cla
ss.
2=1
.875
-2.5
in.,
3=2.
5-3.
25 in
., 4=
3.25
-4.0
in.,
5=>4
.0 in
.
Repl
icat
ed tr
ials
are
the
aver
age
of 3
repl
icat
es e
xcep
t for
thos
e lin
es w
ith *
whi
ch w
ere
non-
repl
icat
ed.
LSD
indi
cate
s le
ast s
igni
fican
t diff
eren
ce (P
= 0
.05)
, cal
cula
ted
for r
eplic
ated
var
ietie
s.Pl
ots
cons
iste
d of
10-
ft ro
ws
with
15
seed
pie
ces
spac
ed 8
-in. a
part.
4 Perc
enta
ge o
f tot
al th
at a
re p
icko
uts.
1 Yiel
d To
tal =
all
yiel
d in
clud
ing
pick
outs
. Yi
eld
>1 7
/8"
= ca
tego
ries
2, 3
, 4 a
nd 5
exc
ludi
ng p
icko
uts.
2 Perc
enta
ge o
f the
sta
ndar
d, C
hief
tain
, for
>1
7/8"
yie
ld.
Var
iety
/Lin
eY
ield
(cw
t/A)1
% o
f St
anda
rd2
% b
y siz
e cl
ass3
%PO
4
19
TAC
TXSh
TED
TCS
HH
IBR
hizo
cH
Gr
KG
ScSp
TC
hief
tain
42
73
45
00
10
01
00
00
Dar
k R
ed N
orla
nd4
27
25
50
01
01
00
00
0B
2676
-25
27
36
60
01
10
11
00
0B
NC
244-
104
17
26
51
01
00
10
00
0C
O00
291-
5R5
28
26
62
01
01
01
00
0C
O09
8012
-5R
42
82
65
30
10
11
10
00
NY
136
(Stra
wbe
rry
Paw
)4
27
36
60
01
01
01
00
0SF
4550
-25
17
25
50
00
00
01
00
0A
F459
3-1
42
82
35
00
10
00
00
00
AF4
815-
14
28
36
50
01
01
10
00
0A
F483
1-2
52
73
65
30
10
10
00
00
AF4
831-
34
27
24
51
01
01
01
00
0A
F498
5-1
42
72
55
00
10
10
10
00
B21
52-1
75
26
35
50
01
00
01
00
0B
NC
201-
14
27
24
50
01
00
00
00
0B
NC
315-
54
27
35
40
00
00
00
00
0K
100-
35
27
35
60
11
01
00
00
0C
O04
056-
3P/P
W5
17
36
55
00
00
00
00
0C
O04
063-
4R/R
52
73
65
00
10
00
00
00
CO
0040
5-1R
F3
27
47
41
11
00
00
00
0M
SR22
6-A
RR
42
73
55
00
20
10
10
00
MSX
007-
4RR
32
84
74
00
00
02
11
00
A05
182-
7RY
57
73
65
20
20
01
10
00
W60
02-1
R6
27
36
60
01
00
01
00
0W
8405
-1R
42
73
54
00
10
00
10
00
Smile
y4
37
37
50
01
00
01
10
1D
ark
Red
Chi
efta
in5
27
25
61
01
01
00
00
1H
ZC 0
1-60
874
27
26
40
01
02
01
00
0A
0518
0-3P
Y5
18
25
51
00
01
01
00
0
Tabl
e 8.
Tub
er c
hara
cter
istic
s, in
tern
al a
nd e
xter
nal d
efec
ts fo
r red
ski
nned
pot
ato
eval
uatio
n tri
al in
Roc
k Sp
rings
, Pla
nt P
atho
logy
Far
m, 2
014
Var
iety
/Lin
eTu
ber C
hara
cter
istic
s1In
tern
al D
efec
ts2
Exte
rnal
Def
ects
3
20
TAC
TXSh
TED
TCS
HH
IBR
hizo
cH
Gr
KG
ScSp
TA
F484
5-3*
42
72
55
00
10
00
00
00
AF5
245-
1*4
18
36
51
00
01
00
00
0W
AF1
0209
R-8
*5
28
26
51
00
00
00
00
0N
DA
F102
568C
-2*
32
73
45
00
20
10
00
00
BN
C30
6-3*
41
73
65
00
00
00
00
00
CO
0406
7-8R
/Y*
52
82
65
00
00
10
00
00
Purp
le H
eart*
52
63
65
00
10
00
00
00
C =
skin
col
or: 1
= p
urpl
e, 2
= re
d, 3
= p
ink,
4 =
dar
k br
own,
5 =
bro
wn,
6 =
tan,
7 =
buf
f, 8
= w
hite
, 9 =
cre
am.
Scal
e =
0-4,
with
0 =
not
obs
erve
d, 1
= s
light
to 4
= v
ery
seve
re.
TED
= tu
ber e
ye d
epth
: 1 =
ver
y de
ep, 5
= m
ediu
m, 9
= v
ery
shal
low
. TCS
= tu
ber c
ross
sec
tion:
1 =
ver
y fla
t, 5
= in
term
edia
te, 9
= v
ery
roun
d.
2 Inte
rnal
Def
ects
: HH
= h
ollo
w h
eart,
IB =
inte
rnal
bro
wni
ng. T
otal
num
ber o
bser
ved
out o
f 12
tube
rs fo
r rep
licat
ed tr
ials
and
tota
l num
ber o
ut o
f
S
h =
tube
r sha
pe: 1
= ro
und,
2 =
mos
tly ro
und,
3 =
roun
d-ob
long
, 4 =
mos
tly o
blon
g, 5
= o
blon
g, 6
= o
blon
g-lo
ng, 7
= m
ostly
long
, 8 =
long
, 9 =
cyl
indr
ical
.
TX
= s
kin
text
ure:
1 =
par
tial r
usse
t, 2
= he
avy
russ
et, 3
= m
od. r
usse
t, 4
= lig
ht ru
sset
, 5 =
net
ted,
6 =
slig
ht n
et, 7
= m
od. s
moo
th, 8
= s
moo
th, 9
= v
ery
smoo
th.
4 fo
r non
repl
icat
ed tr
ials
(mar
ked
with
*).
0 =
not
obs
erve
d.3 Ex
tern
al D
efec
ts: R
= R
hizo
cton
ia, H
= h
airli
ne c
rack
s, G
r = g
row
th c
rack
s, K
= k
nobs
, G =
sun
burn
, Sc
= sc
ab, S
p =
spro
uts,
T =
sec
onda
ry tu
bers
.
1 Tube
r Cha
ract
eris
tics:
TA
= tu
ber a
ppea
ranc
e: 1
= v
ery
poor
, 5=
fair,
9 =
exc
elle
nt.
Var
iety
/Lin
eTu
ber C
hara
cter
istic
s1In
tern
al D
efec
ts2
Exte
rnal
Def
ects
3
21
%Sp
ecifi
cTo
tal
>1 7
/8"
US#
12
34
5G
ravi
tyD
akot
a Tr
ailb
laze
r32
517
954
8712
1919
441
1.10
2Pa
lisad
e R
usse
t23
213
354
6426
244
040
1.10
0R
usse
t Bur
bank
376
220
5910
617
2518
032
1.07
9R
usse
t Nor
kota
h32
120
766
100
1828
182
301.
076
Teto
n R
usse
t39
421
454
103
2421
90
401.
078
AF3
001-
6 (E
asto
n)41
023
357
113
1417
242
401.
085
AF3
362-
135
816
849
8111
1817
246
1.08
2A
F412
4-4
317
147
4971
1619
132
471.
086
AF4
124-
726
014
860
7119
2516
033
1.09
1A
F417
2-2
269
170
6282
1521
233
341.
085
AF4
296-
330
413
750
6618
1913
042
1.08
3A
F432
0-17
376
243
6211
822
1920
031
1.08
6A
F434
2-3
276
132
4964
1516
180
431.
080
AF4
347-
140
524
660
119
1427
190
351.
079
AF4
532-
820
514
067
6820
2620
026
1.07
1A
F428
3-1
320
194
6194
1632
130
341.
076
AF4
950-
231
217
248
838
2911
046
1.08
1C
O99
045-
1W/Y
307
210
6810
228
2118
026
1.09
5A
C00
395-
2RU
265
124
4660
1821
60
451.
091
W81
52-1
rus
238
157
6776
2327
160
291.
091
W91
33-1
rus
309
204
6598
1723
250
311.
073
W94
33-1
rus
325
219
7110
68
3224
721
1.08
3W
6234
-4ru
s23
013
860
6723
2116
035
1.08
3N
adin
e21
816
979
8235
386
016
1.05
9Fo
ntan
e32
720
664
100
2232
90
291.
086
Fran
cisc
a46
140
488
195
2356
80
91.
070
Lady
Am
arilla
261
208
8310
023
4119
012
1.08
2Pa
rella
522
338
6616
320
3213
029
1.07
2D
ione
356
250
7112
112
3425
028
1.08
2
Tabl
e 9.
Tot
al y
ield
, gre
ater
than
1 7
/8" y
ield
, per
cent
of s
tand
ard,
size
dist
ribut
ion,
per
cent
pic
kout
s, an
d sp
ecifi
c gr
avity
fo
r rus
set s
kinn
ed o
r whi
te p
otat
o ev
alua
tion
trial
in R
ock
Sprin
gs, P
lant
Pat
holo
gy F
arm
, 201
4
%PO
4V
arie
ty/L
ine
Yie
ld (c
wt/A
)1%
of
Stan
dard
% b
y siz
e cl
ass3
22
%Sp
ecifi
cTo
tal
>1 7
/8"
US#
12
34
5G
ravi
tyTa
urus
442
315
7315
218
3916
022
1.09
3C
olom
ba40
426
970
130
1736
170
221.
062
Atla
ntic
392
307
7914
812
3125
1018
AF5
072-
12*
182
9954
4822
248
038
1.07
3A
F508
9-3*
137
7353
3527
260
032
1.08
7A
F515
0-1*
6843
6221
3825
00
181.
066
AF5
164-
19*
317
171
5483
1729
80
411.
078
AF5
166-
2*17
810
056
4811
2817
038
1.08
3A
F518
1-8*
110
9081
4329
3517
019
1.09
2A
F520
5-1*
284
223
7810
836
339
011
1.09
9A
F531
2-1*
326
218
6710
527
347
026
1.08
3A
F531
4-2*
186
132
7164
4323
60
221.
076
AF5
373-
1*19
314
273
6935
1127
019
1.09
1A
F540
6-10
*16
410
464
5031
258
020
1.08
9A
AF0
8065
-2*
167
8652
4222
236
041
1.07
6A
AF0
7733
-4*
157
9661
4724
370
034
1.09
6A
0801
4-9T
E*11
410
693
5141
520
00
1.09
6A
0387
3-3N
V*
159
9459
4533
260
029
1.07
9A
0691
4-3C
R*
309
176
5785
1725
150
371.
085
A08
422-
2VR
*28
320
572
9915
3226
028
1.08
7A
0700
8-4T
*21
612
156
5823
2013
039
1.09
0A
0102
5-4*
176
117
6656
3217
180
301.
088
A07
103-
1T*
210
129
6262
3119
110
321.
097
LSD
173
127
2012
1618
518
Repl
icat
ed tr
ials
are
the
aver
age
of 3
repl
icat
es e
xcep
t for
thos
e lin
es w
ith *
whi
ch w
ere
non-
repl
icat
ed.
LSD
indi
cate
s le
ast s
igni
fican
t diff
eren
ce (P
= 0
.05)
, cal
cula
ted
for r
eplic
ated
var
ietie
s.Pl
ots
cons
iste
d of
10-
ft ro
ws
with
12
seed
pie
ces
spac
ed 1
0-in
. apa
rt.
3 Perc
enta
ge o
f tot
al y
ield
acc
ordi
ng to
size
cla
ss: 2
=1.8
75-2
.5 in
., 3=
2.5-
3.25
in.,
4=3.
25-4
.0 in
., 5=
>4.0
in.
4 Perc
enta
ge o
f tot
al th
at a
re p
icko
uts.
1 Yiel
d To
tal =
all
yiel
d in
clud
ing
pick
outs
. Yi
eld
>1 7
/8"
= ca
tego
ries
2, 3
, 4 a
nd 5
exc
ludi
ng p
icko
uts.
2 Perc
enta
ge o
f the
sta
ndar
d, R
usse
t Nor
kota
h fo
r >1
7/8"
yie
ld.
Var
iety
/Lin
eY
ield
(cw
t/A)1
% o
f St
anda
rd%
by
size
clas
s3
%PO
4
23
TAC
TXSh
TED
TCS
HH
IBR
hizo
cH
Gr
KG
ScSp
TD
akot
a Tr
ailb
laze
r2
64
47
55
01
01
11
00
0Pa
lisad
e R
usse
t3
66
47
40
01
01
11
00
0R
usse
t Bur
bank
36
64
65
20
10
02
10
00
Rus
set N
orko
tah
45
34
65
60
00
01
10
00
Teto
n R
usse
t5
64
47
42
01
03
11
00
0A
F300
1-6
46
64
44
10
20
11
10
00
AF3
362-
14
64
47
51
01
01
21
00
0A
F412
4-4
36
64
64
20
10
12
00
00
AF4
124-
74
64
47
41
01
01
10
00
1A
F417
2-2
46
44
74
30
10
01
10
00
AF4
296-
32
54
47
41
01
00
11
10
0A
F432
0-17
45
44
75
30
10
01
10
00
AF4
342-
33
54
46
45
00
00
11
00
0A
F434
7-1
36
44
74
20
10
11
10
00
AF4
532-
84
53
47
45
01
01
11
00
0A
F428
3-1
46
64
74
00
10
01
00
00
AF4
950-
23
67
47
45
01
00
03
00
0C
O99
045-
1W/Y
47
64
64
20
10
00
10
00
AC
0039
5-2R
U3
54
46
53
01
01
01
00
0W
8152
-1ru
s4
53
47
53
10
01
01
10
0W
9133
-1ru
s4
64
47
50
00
00
10
00
0W
9433
-1ru
s4
66
47
61
00
00
11
00
0W
6234
-4ru
s3
76
47
42
01
01
01
00
0N
adin
e5
77
36
50
00
00
01
00
0Fo
ntan
e4
76
36
44
01
01
11
00
0Fr
anci
sca
57
73
55
00
10
00
10
00
Lady
Am
arilla
46
54
65
00
00
10
10
00
Pare
lla4
76
36
40
01
02
01
00
1D
ione
46
34
64
100
10
10
10
00
Tabl
e 10
. Tub
er c
hara
cter
istic
s, in
tern
al a
nd e
xter
nal d
efec
ts fo
r rus
set s
kinn
ed o
r whi
te p
otat
o ev
alua
tion
trial
in R
ock
Sprin
gs, P
lant
Pa
thol
ogy
Farm
, 201
4
Var
iety
/Lin
eTu
ber C
hara
cter
istic
s1In
tern
al D
efec
ts2
Exte
rnal
Def
ects
3
24
TAC
TXSh
TED
TCS
HH
IBR
hizo
cH
Gr
KG
ScSp
TTa
urus
47
73
64
00
10
10
10
00
Col
omba
47
73
55
00
00
10
11
01
Atla
ntic
46
52
55
60
10
11
10
00
AF5
072-
12*
36
44
64
00
00
10
00
00
AF5
089-
3*4
76
46
50
01
00
10
00
0A
F515
0-1*
57
73
55
00
10
00
00
00
AF5
164-
19*
36
54
65
00
00
10
10
00
AF5
166-
2*4
53
47
53
00
00
00
00
0A
F518
1-8*
46
34
65
00
10
00
00
00
AF5
205-
1*4
64
46
50
01
00
00
00
0A
F531
2-1*
45
34
75
00
10
01
00
00
AF5
314-
2*4
53
46
50
02
00
00
00
0A
F537
3-1*
46
44
74
00
00
00
00
00
AF5
406-
10*
36
54
64
00
00
00
00
00
AA
F080
65-2
*3
77
46
40
00
00
10
00
0A
AF0
7733
-4*
36
44
75
00
00
00
00
00
A08
014-
9TE*
47
62
66
00
00
00
00
00
A03
873-
3NV
*3
67
46
50
00
00
00
00
0A
0691
4-3C
R*
37
74
64
00
00
01
10
00
A08
422-
2VR
*4
64
46
40
00
00
00
00
0A
0700
8-4T
*3
64
46
40
00
00
01
00
0A
0102
5-4*
47
64
64
00
00
00
00
00
A07
103-
1T*
46
44
65
10
00
10
00
00
Var
iety
/Lin
eTu
ber C
hara
cter
istic
s1In
tern
al D
efec
ts2
Exte
rnal
Def
ects
3
Sh =
tube
r sha
pe: 1
= ro
und,
2 =
mos
tly ro
und,
3 =
roun
d-ob
long
, 4 =
mos
tly o
blon
g, 5
= o
blon
g, 6
= o
blon
g-lo
ng, 7
= m
ostly
long
, 8 =
long
, 9 =
cyl
indr
ical
.
Scal
e =
0-4,
with
0 =
not
obs
erve
d, 1
= s
light
to 4
= v
ery
seve
re.
1 Tube
r Cha
ract
eris
tics:
TA
= tu
ber a
ppea
ranc
e: 1
= v
ery
poor
, 5=
fair,
9 =
exc
elle
nt.
C =
skin
col
or: 1
= p
urpl
e, 2
= re
d, 3
= p
ink,
4 =
dar
k br
own,
5 =
bro
wn,
6 =
tan,
7 =
buf
f, 8
= w
hite
, 9 =
cre
am.
TED
= tu
ber e
ye d
epth
: 1 =
ver
y de
ep, 5
= m
ediu
m, 9
= v
ery
shal
low
. TCS
= tu
ber c
ross
sec
tion:
1 =
ver
y fla
t, 5
= in
term
edia
te, 9
= v
ery
roun
d.
2 Inte
rnal
Def
ects
: HH
= h
ollo
w h
eart,
IB =
inte
rnal
bro
wni
ng. T
otal
num
ber o
bser
ved
out o
f 12
tube
rs fo
r rep
licat
ed tr
ials
and
tota
l num
ber o
ut o
f 4 fo
r non
re
plic
ated
tria
ls (m
arke
d w
ith *
). 0
= n
ot o
bser
ved.
3 Exte
rnal
Def
ects
: R =
Rhi
zoct
onia
, H =
hai
rline
cra
cks,
Gr =
gro
wth
cra
cks,
K =
kno
bs, G
= s
unbu
rn, S
c =
scab
, Sp
= sp
rout
s, T
= s
econ
dary
tube
rs.
T
X =
ski
n te
xtur
e: 1
= p
artia
l rus
set,
2 =
heav
y ru
sset
, 3 =
mod
. rus
set,
4 =
light
russ
et, 5
= n
ette
d, 6
= s
light
net
, 7 =
mod
. sm
ooth
, 8 =
sm
ooth
, 9 =
ver
y sm
ooth
.
25
%%
of
Spec
ific
Tota
l>1
7/8
"U
S#1
Stan
dard
22
34
5G
ravi
tyA
tlant
ic32
825
074
100
2434
150
211.
090
Chi
efta
in40
332
981
132
1838
250
151.
071
Dak
ota
Trai
lbla
zer
284
159
5664
1524
143
381.
102
Dar
k R
ed N
orla
nd33
023
471
9420
3813
024
1.06
9K
atah
din
307
254
8310
227
3917
012
1.08
0Pa
lisad
e R
usse
t24
713
552
5423
227
041
1.10
0R
ochd
ale
Gol
d-D
oree
277
229
8391
2140
220
121.
081
Rus
set B
urba
nk36
220
958
8418
2218
034
1.07
9R
usse
t Nor
kota
h34
323
369
9315
3120
328
1.07
6Sn
owde
n37
229
278
117
2244
120
171.
092
Supe
rior
297
265
8910
620
4125
26
1.07
5Te
ton
Rus
set
338
197
6079
2522
130
351.
078
Yuk
on G
old
268
238
8995
1140
354
81.
085
AF0
338-
17 (S
ebec
)34
529
686
118
1449
230
101.
086
AF3
001-
6 (E
asto
n)38
821
956
8816
1623
141
1.08
5A
F336
2-1
345
172
5269
1221
182
441.
082
AF4
013-
338
633
687
134
2455
80
51.
090
AF4
124-
429
514
854
5917
1917
142
1.08
6A
F412
4-7
237
140
6356
2224
160
321.
091
AF4
138-
840
035
488
142
2743
180
61.
067
AF4
157-
630
425
985
103
2844
130
61.
073
AF4
172-
225
516
062
6414
2323
234
1.08
5A
F429
6-3
332
160
5164
1719
150
411.
083
AF4
320-
1737
324
263
9721
2120
030
1.08
6A
F434
2-3
261
142
5757
1820
180
361.
080
AF4
347-
139
324
662
9813
2722
033
1.07
9A
F453
2-8
205
140
6756
2425
190
261.
071
B26
76-2
287
241
8496
4135
70
71.
086
Tabl
e 11
. Tot
al y
ield
, gre
ater
than
1 7
/8" p
erce
nt o
f sta
ndar
d, s
ize d
istrib
utio
n, p
erce
nt p
icko
uts,
and
spec
ific
grav
ity fo
r NE1
231
pota
to e
valu
atio
n tri
al in
Roc
k Sp
rings
, Pla
nt P
atho
logy
Far
m, 2
014
%PO
4V
arie
ty/L
ine
Yie
ld (c
wt/A
)1%
by
size
clas
s3
26
%%
of
Spec
ific
Tota
l>1
7/8
"U
S#1
Stan
dard
22
34
5G
ravi
tyB
2833
-16
355
290
8111
625
4413
014
1.09
1B
NC
182-
534
128
884
115
2139
242
91.
090
BN
C24
4-10
342
281
8211
244
326
04
1.08
7C
O00
291-
5R33
428
485
113
3241
120
81.
072
CO
0980
12-5
R40
431
077
124
3435
80
141.
079
MSQ
086-
334
528
683
114
3539
90
71.
085
NY
136
(Stra
wbe
rry
Paw
)34
528
683
114
1937
244
111.
070
NY
148
409
338
8213
513
3826
515
1.09
2N
Y15
037
025
068
100
4121
60
161.
081
NY
H15
-17
489
405
8316
212
3733
214
1.08
7LS
D10
980
1411
1312
412
Repl
icat
ed tr
ials
are
the
aver
age
of 4
repl
icat
es. L
SD in
dica
tes
leas
t sig
nific
ant d
iffer
ence
(P=
0.0
5).
Russ
ets
wer
e pl
ante
d 10
-in. a
part
with
12
seed
pie
ces
per 1
0-ft
plot
, all
othe
r var
ietie
s w
ere
spac
ed 8
-in. a
part
with
15
seed
pie
ces
per 1
0-ft
plot
.
3 Perc
enta
ge o
f tot
al y
ield
acc
ordi
ng to
size
cla
ss. 2
=1.8
75-2
.5 in
., 3=
2.5-
3.25
in.,
4=3.
25-4
.0 in
., 5=
>4.0
in.
4 Perc
enta
ge o
f tot
al th
at a
re p
icko
uts.
1 Yiel
d To
tal =
all
yiel
d in
clud
ing
pick
outs
. Yi
eld
>1 7
/8"
= ca
tego
ries
2, 3
, 4 a
nd 5
exc
ludi
ng p
icko
uts.
2 Perc
enta
ge o
f the
sta
ndar
d, A
tlant
ic, f
or >
1 7/
8" y
ield
.
Var
iety
/Lin
eY
ield
(cw
t/A)1
% b
y siz
e cl
ass3
%PO
4
27
TAC
TXSh
TED
TCS
HH
IBR
hizo
cH
Gr
KG
ScSp
TA
tlant
ic4
66
24
50
01
01
01
00
0C
hief
tain
42
73
45
00
10
01
00
00
Dak
ota
Trai
lbla
zer
26
44
75
50
10
11
10
00
Dar
k R
ed N
orla
nd4
27
25
50
01
01
00
00
0K
atah
din
47
63
55
50
20
00
10
00
Palis
ade
Rus
set
36
64
74
00
10
11
10
00
Roc
hdal
e G
old-
Dor
ee4
77
25
50
01
01
01
00
1R
usse
t Bur
bank
36
64
65
20
10
02
10
00
Rus
set N
orko
tah
45
34
65
70
00
01
10
00
Snow
den
46
52
45
70
10
11
10
00
Supe
rior
47
63
45
10
10
00
00
00
Teto
n R
usse
t5
64
47
42
01
03
11
00
0Y
ukon
Gol
d4
77
26
62
01
00
01
00
0A
F033
8-17
56
63
55
00
20
00
10
00
AF3
001-
64
66
44
42
02
01
11
00
0A
F336
2-1
46
44
75
10
10
12
10
00
AF4
013-
34
77
36
51
02
00
01
00
0A
F412
4-4
36
64
64
20
10
12
00
00
AF4
124-
74
64
47
41
01
01
10
00
1A
F413
8-8
46
62
56
00
10
10
00
00
AF4
157-
65
66
25
50
01
00
01
00
0A
F417
2-2
46
44
74
30
10
01
10
00
AF4
296-
32
54
47
41
01
00
11
10
0A
F432
0-17
45
44
75
30
10
01
10
00
AF4
342-
33
54
46
46
00
00
11
00
0A
F434
7-1
36
44
74
20
10
11
10
00
AF4
532-
84
53
47
47
01
01
11
00
0B
2676
-25
27
36
60
01
10
11
00
0
Tabl
e 12
. Tub
er c
hara
cter
istic
s, in
tern
al a
nd e
xter
nal d
efec
ts fo
r NE1
231
pota
to e
valu
atio
n tri
al in
Roc
k Sp
rings
, Pla
nt P
atho
logy
Far
m,
2014
Var
iety
/Lin
eTu
ber C
hara
cter
istic
s1In
tern
al D
efec
ts2
Exte
rnal
Def
ects
3
28
TAC
TXSh
TED
TCS
HH
IBR
hizo
cH
Gr
KG
ScSp
TB
2833
-16
46
52
45
40
10
10
00
00
BN
C18
2-5
47
63
65
20
20
00
10
00
BN
C24
4-10
41
72
65
10
10
01
00
00
CO
0029
1-5R
52
82
66
30
10
10
10
00
CO
0980
12-5
R4
28
26
53
01
01
11
00
0M
SQ08
6-3
57
72
65
00
20
00
10
00
NY
136
(Stra
wbe
rry
Paw
)4
27
36
60
01
01
01
00
0N
Y14
84
76
25
51
02
01
01
00
0N
Y15
04
78
27
60
01
00
01
00
0N
YH
15-1
74
66
35
410
01
00
02
00
0
C =
skin
col
or: 1
= p
urpl
e, 2
= re
d, 3
= p
ink,
4 =
dar
k br
own,
5 =
bro
wn,
6 =
tan,
7 =
buf
f, 8
= w
hite
, 9 =
cre
am.
TX
= s
kin
text
ure:
1 =
par
tial r
usse
t, 2
= he
avy
russ
et, 3
= m
od. r
usse
t, 4
= lig
ht ru
sset
, 5 =
net
ted,
6 =
slig
ht n
et, 7
= m
od. s
moo
th, 8
= s
moo
th, 9
= v
ery
smoo
th.
Sh
= tu
ber s
hape
: 1 =
roun
d, 2
= m
ostly
roun
d, 3
= ro
und-
oblo
ng, 4
= m
ostly
obl
ong,
5 =
obl
ong,
6 =
obl
ong-
long
, 7 =
mos
tly lo
ng, 8
= lo
ng, 9
=
cylin
dric
al.
Russ
ets
wer
e pl
ante
d 10
-in. a
part
with
12
seed
pie
ces
per 1
0-ft
plot
, all
othe
r var
ietie
s w
ere
spac
ed 8
-in. a
part
with
15
seed
pie
ces
per 1
0-ft
plot
.
TED
= tu
ber e
ye d
epth
: 1 =
ver
y de
ep, 5
= m
ediu
m, 9
= v
ery
shal
low
. TCS
= tu
ber c
ross
sec
tion:
1 =
ver
y fla
t, 5
= in
term
edia
te, 9
= v
ery
roun
d.
2 Inte
rnal
Def
ects
: HH
= h
ollo
w h
eart,
IB =
inte
rnal
bro
wni
ng. T
otal
num
ber o
bser
ved
out o
f 16
tube
rs fo
r rep
licat
ed tr
ials
and
tota
l num
ber o
ut o
f 4 fo
r no
n re
plic
ated
tria
ls (m
arke
d w
ith *
). 0
= n
ot o
bser
ved.
3 Exte
rnal
Def
ects
: R =
Rhi
zoct
onia
, H =
hai
rline
cra
cks,
Gr =
gro
wth
cra
cks,
K =
kno
bs, G
= s
unbu
rn, S
c =
scab
, Sp
= sp
rout
s, T
= s
econ
dary
tube
rs.
Scal
e =
0-4,
with
0 =
not
obs
erve
d, 1
= s
light
to 4
= v
ery
seve
re.
1 Tube
r Cha
ract
eris
tics:
TA
= tu
ber a
ppea
ranc
e: 1
= v
ery
poor
, 5=
fair,
9 =
exc
elle
nt.
Var
iety
/Lin
eTu
ber C
hara
cter
istic
s1In
tern
al D
efec
ts2
Exte
rnal
Def
ects
3
29
%To
tal
>1 7
/8"
US#
12
34
5K
evin
Tro
yer F
arm
East
on12
416
330
7923
3521
018
1.09
3N
orw
is 9
423
365
8620
3729
011
1.07
2Fo
ntan
e12
426
336
7939
327
09
1.09
1W
6234
-4R
US
1229
323
580
3238
110
111.
086
Nol
an M
asse
r Far
mEa
ston
1144
224
856
1627
140
411.
085
Nor
wis
1115
810
868
1742
90
241.
064
Font
ane
1140
122
757
3126
00
311.
080
W62
34-4
RU
S11
313
218
6920
2717
629
1.07
9
Roc
k Sp
rings
East
on12
545
374
6910
2129
930
1.08
0N
orw
is10
289
254
889
5125
310
1.06
7Fo
ntan
e12
439
385
8836
475
09
1.08
3W
6234
-4R
US
1231
722
270
1033
280
271.
074
Sebe
c8
406
400
9818
5327
00
1.08
2A
F415
7-6
827
224
289
5033
60
21.
083
Loca
tion
Tabl
e 13
. Tot
al y
ield
, gre
ater
than
1 7
/8" y
ield
, size
dist
ribut
ion,
per
cent
pic
k ou
ts a
nd s
peci
fic g
ravi
ty fo
r pot
ato
com
mer
cial
tria
ls of
four
var
ietie
s in
: A)
Erie
Cou
nty,
Kev
in T
roye
r Far
m,
B) S
chuy
lkill
Cou
nty,
Nol
an M
asse
r Far
m; a
nd s
ix v
arie
ties
in: C
) Roc
k Sp
rings
, Pla
nt P
atho
logy
Far
m. A
bout
200
lbs
of e
ach
varie
ty w
ere
plan
ted
in e
ach
loca
tion
in 2
014
1 Yiel
d To
tal =
all
yiel
d in
clud
ing
pick
outs
. Yi
eld
>1 7
/8"
= ca
tego
ries
2, 3
, 4 a
nd 5
exc
ludi
ng p
icko
uts.
2 Perc
enta
ge o
f tot
al y
ield
acc
ordi
ng to
size
cla
ss.
2=1
.875
-2.5
in.,
3=2.
5-3.
25 in
., 4=
3.25
-4.0
in.,
5=>4
.0 in
.3 Pe
rcen
tage
of t
otal
that
are
pic
kout
s.
Var
iety
/Lin
eY
ield
(cw
t/A)1
% b
y siz
e cl
ass2
%PO
3Sp
ecifi
c G
ravi
tySp
ace
betw
een
pota
toes
in a
row
(in
ch)
30
TAC
TXSh
TED
TCS
HH
IBR
hizo
cH
Gr
KG
ScSp
TK
evin
Tro
yer F
arm
East
on5
66
46
44
00
00
21
00
0N
orw
is4
77
34
46
01
01
01
00
0Fo
ntan
e4
66
35
58
00
00
10
00
0W
6234
-4R
US
56
64
65
30
00
00
10
00
Nol
an M
asse
r Far
mEa
ston
46
64
65
30
00
04
23
00
Nor
wis
47
72
55
00
00
10
11
00
Font
ane
46
53
65
00
00
00
22
03
W62
34-4
RU
S3
66
36
51
00
00
01
20
0
Roc
k Sp
rings
East
on5
64
46
43
00
00
21
00
0N
orw
is4
77
35
50
02
01
00
20
0Fo
ntan
e5
65
36
60
01
00
00
00
1W
6234
-4R
US
36
64
65
20
10
00
13
00
Sebe
c6
66
25
60
02
00
00
00
0A
F415
7-6
57
63
65
10
10
00
02
00
Scal
e =
0-4,
with
0 =
not
obs
erve
d, 1
= s
light
to 4
= v
ery
seve
re.
Tabl
e 14
. Tub
er c
hara
cter
istic
s, in
tern
al a
nd e
xter
nal d
efec
ts fo
r pot
ato
com
mer
cial
tria
ls of
four
var
ietie
s in
: A) E
rie C
ount
y, K
evin
Tro
yer F
arm
, B
) Sc
huyl
kill
Cou
nty,
Nol
an M
asse
r Far
m; a
nd s
ix v
arie
ties
in: C
) Roc
k Sp
rings
, Pla
nt P
atho
logy
Far
m. A
bout
200
lbs
of e
ach
varie
ty w
ere
plan
ted
in e
ach
loca
tion
in 2
014.
1 Tub
er C
hara
cter
istic
s: T
A =
tube
r app
eara
nce:
1 =
ver
y po
or, 5
= fa
ir, 9
= e
xcel
lent
.
C =
ski
n co
lor:
1 =
purp
le, 2
= re
d, 3
= p
ink,
4 =
dar
k br
own,
5 =
bro
wn,
6 =
tan,
7 =
buf
f, 8
= w
hite
, 9 =
cre
am.
T
X =
ski
n te
xtur
e: 1
= p
artia
l rus
set,
2 =
heav
y ru
sset
, 3 =
mod
. rus
set,
4 =
light
russ
et, 5
= n
ette
d, 6
= s
light
net
, 7 =
mod
. sm
ooth
, 8 =
sm
ooth
, 9 =
ver
y sm
ooth
.
3 Exte
rnal
Def
ects
: R =
Rhi
zoct
onia
, H =
hai
rline
cra
cks,
Gr =
gro
wth
cra
cks,
K =
kno
bs, G
= s
unbu
rn, S
c =
scab
, Sp
= sp
rout
s, T
= s
econ
dary
tube
rs.
Sh =
tube
r sha
pe: 1
= ro
und,
2 =
mos
tly ro
und,
3 =
roun
d-ob
long
, 4 =
mos
tly o
blon
g, 5
= o
blon
g, 6
= o
blon
g-lo
ng, 7
= m
ostly
long
, 8 =
long
, 9 =
cyl
indr
ical
.
TED
= tu
ber e
ye d
epth
: 1 =
ver
y de
ep, 5
= m
ediu
m, 9
= v
ery
shal
low
. TC
S =
tube
r cro
ss s
ectio
n: 1
= v
ery
flat,
5 =
inte
rmed
iate
, 9 =
ver
y ro
und.
2 In
tern
al D
efec
ts: H
H =
hol
low
hea
rt, I
B =
inte
rnal
bro
wni
ng. T
otal
num
ber o
bser
ved
out o
f 10
tube
rs.
0 =
not o
bser
ved.
Var
iety
/Lin
eTu
ber C
hara
cter
istic
s1In
tern
al D
efec
ts2
Loca
tion
Exte
rnal
Def
ects
3
31
%To
tal
>1 7
/8"
US#
12
34
5G
arry
Hun
sicke
r Far
mSu
perio
r21
517
983
6618
00
01.
067
Early
Val
ley
256
248
9726
4820
30
1.05
9En
vol
259
228
8834
3816
03
1.07
1B
2890
-11
201
159
7963
160
03
1.07
0
Roc
k Sp
rings
Supe
rior
231
192
8220
4814
012
1.07
8Ea
rly V
alle
y27
820
071
1829
250
241.
067
Envo
l20
114
572
1739
160
201.
075
Dar
k R
ed N
orla
nd24
919
881
3047
40
121.
069
LSD
110
112
2214
2016
021
The
trial
in S
chuy
lkill
Cou
nty
was
non
-repl
icat
ed tr
ial a
nd p
lant
ed o
n M
ay 8
and
har
vest
ed o
n Ju
ly 1
3, 2
014.
The
trial
in R
ock
Sprin
gs w
as re
plic
ated
tria
l with
3 re
plic
atio
ns a
nd p
lant
ed o
n Ju
ne 4
& 6
and
har
vest
ed o
n A
ugus
t 28,
201
4.LS
D in
dica
tes
leas
t sig
nific
ant d
iffer
ence
(P =
0.0
5), c
alcu
late
d fo
r rep
licat
ed v
arie
ties.
Loca
tion
Tabl
e 15
. Tot
al y
ield
, gre
ater
than
1 7
/8" y
ield
, size
dist
ribut
ion,
per
cent
pic
k ou
ts a
nd s
peci
fic g
ravi
ty fo
r pot
ato
early
var
iety
tria
ls of
four
var
ietie
s in
N
orth
ampt
on C
ount
y, G
arry
Hun
sicke
r Far
m, a
nd fo
ur v
arie
ties
in R
ock
Sprin
gs, P
lant
Pat
holo
gy F
arm
in 2
014.
1 Yiel
d To
tal =
all
yiel
d in
clud
ing
pick
outs
. Yi
eld
>1 7
/8"
= ca
tego
ries
2, 3
, 4 a
nd 5
exc
ludi
ng p
icko
uts.
2 Perc
enta
ge o
f tot
al y
ield
acc
ordi
ng to
size
cla
ss.
2=1
.875
-2.5
in.,
3=2.
5-3.
25 in
., 4=
3.25
-4.0
in.,
5=>4
.0 in
.3 Pe
rcen
tage
of t
otal
that
are
pic
kout
s.
Var
iety
/Lin
eY
ield
(cw
t/A)1
% b
y siz
e cl
ass2
%PO
3Sp
ecifi
c G
ravi
ty
32
TAC
TXSh
TED
TCS
HH
IBR
hizo
cH
Gr
KG
ScSp
TG
arry
Hun
sicke
r Far
mSu
perio
r5
77
24
50
00
00
00
01
1Ea
rly V
alle
y6
77
36
40
00
00
00
10
0En
vol
57
63
55
10
00
00
00
00
B28
90-1
13
68
26
60
00
01
00
40
0
Roc
k Sp
rings
Supe
rior
47
63
55
00
10
11
10
00
Early
Val
ley
47
72
45
00
10
21
10
00
Envo
l5
77
35
40
00
01
01
00
0D
ark
Red
Nor
land
42
72
55
00
10
11
10
00
Tabl
e 16
. Tub
er c
hara
cter
istic
s, in
tern
al a
nd e
xter
nal d
efec
ts fo
r pot
ato
early
var
iety
tria
ls of
four
var
ietie
s in
Nor
tham
pton
Cou
nty,
Gar
ry H
unsic
ker
Farm
, and
four
var
ietie
s in
Roc
k Sp
rings
, Pla
nt P
atho
logy
Far
m in
201
4.
C =
ski
n co
lor:
1 =
purp
le, 2
= re
d, 3
= p
ink,
4 =
dar
k br
own,
5 =
bro
wn,
6 =
tan,
7 =
buf
f, 8
= w
hite
, 9 =
cre
am.
T
X =
ski
n te
xtur
e: 1
= p
artia
l rus
set,
2 =
heav
y ru
sset
, 3 =
mod
. rus
set,
4 =
light
russ
et, 5
= n
ette
d, 6
= s
light
net
, 7 =
mod
. sm
ooth
, 8 =
sm
ooth
, 9 =
ver
y sm
ooth
.
Sh =
tube
r sha
pe: 1
= ro
und,
2 =
mos
tly ro
und,
3 =
roun
d-ob
long
, 4 =
mos
tly o
blon
g, 5
= o
blon
g, 6
= o
blon
g-lo
ng, 7
= m
ostly
long
, 8 =
long
, 9 =
cyl
indr
ical
. T
ED =
tube
r eye
dep
th: 1
= v
ery
deep
, 5 =
med
ium
, 9 =
ver
y sh
allo
w. T
CS
= tu
ber c
ross
sec
tion:
1 =
ver
y fla
t, 5
= in
term
edia
te, 9
= v
ery
roun
d.
3 Exte
rnal
Def
ects
: R =
Rhi
zoct
onia
, H =
hai
rline
cra
cks,
Gr =
gro
wth
cra
cks,
K =
kno
bs, G
= s
unbu
rn, S
c =
scab
, Sp
= sp
rout
s, T
= s
econ
dary
tube
rs.
Scal
e =
0-4,
with
0 =
not
obs
erve
d, 1
= s
light
to 4
= v
ery
seve
re.
2 Inte
rnal
Def
ects
: HH
= h
ollo
w h
eart
, IB
= in
tern
al b
row
ning
. Tot
al n
umbe
r obs
erve
d ou
t of 8
tube
rs.
0 =
not o
bser
ved.
1 Tub
er C
hara
cter
istic
s: T
A =
tube
r app
eara
nce:
1 =
ver
y po
or, 5
= fa
ir, 9
= e
xcel
lent
.
Var
iety
/Lin
eTu
ber C
hara
cter
istic
s1In
tern
al D
efec
ts2
Loca
tion
Exte
rnal
Def
ects
3
Table 17: Notes on fresh colors of potato varieties/lines Yellow Flesh Varieties We rated the yellow flesh in December. We used Yukon Gold that was grown at Rock Springs Scale: YF1 - lighter than Yukon Gold YF2 – equal to Yukon Gold YF3 - darker than Yukon Gold Rock Springs: YF1 YF2 YF3 B2152-17 (Red skin) Yukon Gold Smiley (Red skin) AF5142-1 Rochdale Gold – Doree Soraya WAF10209R-8 (Red skin) Lehigh W6703-1y Vivaldi Lanorma Elfe Dione Fontane Francisca HZC 01-6087 (Red skin) Taurus CO04096-3W/Y HER 01-61 Colomba CO99045-1W/Y Lady Amarilla CO04067-8R/Y (Red skin) BNC201-1 (Red skin) AF4013-3 AF5150-1 AF5447--4 AAF07733-4 ATCO0293-1W/Y A05180-3PY (Purple skin) A00286-3Y (Red splash on skin) Red Flesh Varieties 1. MSX007-4RR (Red skin) 2. CO04063-4R/R (Red skin) 3. MSR226-ARR (Red skin) Purple Flesh Varieties 1. CO04056-3P/PW (Purple skin) 2. Purple Heart (Red skin) BNC244-10: Purple skin variety with a unique purple and white color flesh.
33
Table 18: Management of evaluation trials, 2014 Northampton Co. Planting Date: 8 May Harvest Date: 19 September Previous Crop: Soybeans Fertilizer Rate/A: 6 May: 170 lb/A Urea. 8 May: 650 lb/A 13-13-13 (N-P-K). 2 June: 100 lb/A Urea Herbicide: Sencor, Dual, Prowl H2O Fungicide: Bravo SC, Manzate ProStik Insecticide: Admire Pro, Radiant SC, Dimethoate Vine Kill: Natural Rainfall (inches): May (9.05). June (6.05), July (4.55), August (2.95), September (1.75) Irrigation (inches): None Erie Co. Planting Date: 30 May Harvest Date: 30 September Previous Crop: Wheat Fertilizer Rate/A: At planting: 25 gal 32% Potash. 20 June: 15 gal 32% Potash. Herbicide: Dual, Prowl Fungicide: Curzate Insecticide: Montana, Assana Vine Kill: N/A Rainfall (inches): June (2.5), July (4.0), August (4.5), September (2.0) Irrigation (inches): None Rock Springs Planting Date: 4 &8 June Harvest Date: 13, 14 & 20 September Previous Crop: Wheat Fertilizer Rate/A: 24 April: 185 topress 0-0-60 (N-P-K). At planting: 1164 lb/A 10-5-5 (N-P-K)
1 July: 33 lb/A liquid N for reds and whites, 16.5 lb/A liquid N for russets Herbicide: Eptam 7E, Dual Magnum II, Sencor 75DF, Matrix Fungicide: Gavel 75DF, Manzate ProStik, Tanos, Bravo WS, Curzate 60 DF, Endura Insecticide: Mocap, Admire Pro, Radiant, Baythroid XL, Fufill, Movento Vine Kill: 17 and 23 Sep Rainfall (inches): June (5.71), July (3.84), August (5.52), September (1.38) Irrigation (inches): None
34
POTATO (Solanum tuberosum) X.S. Qu, M.W. Peck, C.E. Moore and B.J. Christ Late blight; Phytophthora infestans Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 Field evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to late blight in Pennsylvania, 2014. Thirty-nine potato cultivars and advanced breeding lines were evaluated at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center in Rock Springs, PA. The soil type was a Hagerstown silty clay loam. The previous crop was wheat. Potatoes were planted on 23 Jun. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replicates. The plots were 4-ft long with five seed pieces planted in each plot and 5-ft breaks between plots within a row. At planting, 966 lb/A of 20-10-10 (N-P-K) was banded in the row. Liquid N fertilizer was applied at 33 lb/A on 1 Aug during hilling. Precipitation was 5.71, 3.84, 5.52, and 1.38 in. for Jun, Jul, Aug, and Sep, respectively. Natural infection of Phytophthora infestans clonal lineage US-23 occurred in the middle of August. Overhead irrigation was applied at 1.5 in. on 23 Jul. Overhead sprinklers were used for approximately one hour daily when the weather was dry and hot to increase humidity in the plant canopy after infection. Disease ratings were determined by visually assessing each 4-ft plot and estimating the percentage of late blight diseased foliage. Assessments were made on 17, 24, 30 Aug and 3 Sep. Disease data were expressed as area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), subjected to analysis of variance, and means separated using Fisher’s protected least significant difference test (SAS v. 9.4, SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Late blight disease pressure was high and the most susceptible plots reached 100% disease severity by the end of the season. Cultivar Kennebec was the moderately resistant check; Rochdale Gold-Doree, NY150 (NYF52-1), Palisade Russet, NY148 (NYE106-4), CO00291-5R, NYH15-17, Dakota Trailblazer, BNC182-5, BNC244-10, NY136 (Strawberry Paw), MSQ086-3, and AF4342-3 were resistant to moderately resistant.
Cultivar/Line AUDPCz Cultivar/Line AUDPC Rochdale Gold-Doree ---------------------- 0 ny Yukon Gold ---------------------------- 568 e-h NY150 (NYF52-1) -------------------------- 0 n AF4347-1 ------------------------------- 584 d-g Palisade Russet ------------------------------- 22 mn Teton Russet --------------------------- 585 d-g NY148 (NYE106-4) ------------------------ 56 lmn Russet Norkotah ----------------------- 591 d-g CO00291-5R --------------------------------- 99 lmn Atlantic ---------------------------------- 598 c-g Kennebec -------------------------------------- 161 k-n B2833-16 ------------------------------- 608 c-f NYH15-17 ------------------------------------ 169 klm AF4124-7 ------------------------------- 612 c-f Dakota Trailblazer--------------------------- 185 klm CO098012-5R ------------------------- 613 c-f BNC182-5 ------------------------------------ 205 kl AF4532-8 ------------------------------- 623 c-f BNC244-10 ----------------------------------- 268 jk Superior --------------------------------- 639 b-f NY136 (Strawberry Paw) ------------------ 279 ijk AF3001-6 ------------------------------- 646 b-f MSQ086-3 ------------------------------------ 294 ijk AF4157-6 ------------------------------- 647 b-f AF4342-3 ------------------------------------- 322 ijk AF0338-17 ----------------------------- 651 b-f Katahdin --------------------------------------- 405 hij AF4172-2 ------------------------------- 681 b-e Snowden --------------------------------------- 409 hij AF4124-4 ------------------------------- 690 b-e AF4320-17 ------------------------------------ 437 ghi Dark Red Norland -------------------- 734 a-d AF4296-3 ------------------------------------- 490 fgh AF4138-8 ------------------------------- 759 abc AF3362-1 ------------------------------------- 499 fgh B2676-2 --------------------------------- 795 ab Russet Burbank ------------------------------ 510 fgh AF4013-3 ------------------------------- 863 a Chieftain --------------------------------------- 542 e-h z AUDPC = Area under the disease progress curve was calculated from 17 Aug to 3 Sep according to the formula: ∑n
i=1[(Ri+1 + Ri)/2] [ti+1 – ti], where R = disease severity rating (% of leaf surface affected) at the ith observation, ti = time (days) since the previous rating at the ith observation, and n = total number of observations.
y Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05 as determined by Fisher’s protected least significant difference test (LSD = 164).
35
POTATO (Solanum tuberosum) X.S. Qu, M.W. Peck, C.E. Moore and B.J. Christ Early blight; Alternaria solani Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 Field evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to early blight in Pennsylvania, 2014. Thirty-nine potato cultivars and advanced breeding lines were evaluated at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center in Rock Springs, PA. The soil type was a Hagerstown silty clay loam. The previous crop was wheat. Entries were planted on 20 May in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Plots consisted of a single row 4-ft long with five seed pieces planted in each plot with a 4-ft break between plots. Each entry had an adjacent row of the susceptible cv. Dark Red Norland as a spreader row. Fertilization was 1015 lb/A of 10-10-10 (N-P-K) banded in row at planting. Precipitation was 5.71, 3.84, 5.52, and 1.38 in. for Jun, Jul, Aug, and Sep, respectively. On 23 Jul, spreader rows were spray-inoculated with a conidial mixture of two isolates of Alternaria solani, at a concentration of 4.77 × 104 conidia/ml, to promote uniform spread of the pathogen to all treatment plots. For each plot, the percentage of diseased foliage was visually assessed on 4, 11, 17, 22 and 28 Aug. Disease data were expressed as the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), subjected to an analysis of variance and means separated using Fisher’s protected least significant difference test (SAS v. 9.4, SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Dark Red Norland was included as susceptible check cultivar. Early blight disease pressure was high and the most susceptible plots reached 100% disease severity by the end of the season. Nine cultivars/lines were characterized as resistant to moderately resistant: AF4342-3, Palisade Russet, Dakota Trailblazer, CO00291-5R, BNC182-5, Russet Burbank, AF4347-1, NY148 (NYE106-4), and AF3001-6.
Cultivar/Line AUDPCz Cultivar/Line AUDPC AF4342-3 -------------------------------------- 92 vy AF4532-8 ------------------------------- 610 i-n Palisade Russet ------------------------------- 99 v BNC244-10 ----------------------------- 659 h-m Dakota Trailblazer --------------------------- 113 uv AF3362-1 ------------------------------- 694 g-m CO00291-5R ---------------------------------- 148 tuv AF4320-17 ----------------------------- 734 f-l BNC182-5 ------------------------------------- 180 s-v Teton Russet --------------------------- 739 e-l Russet Burbank ------------------------------ 237 s-v Superior --------------------------------- 776 d-k AF4347-1 -------------------------------------- 253 s-v AF4124-4 ------------------------------- 789 d-j NY148 (NYE106-4)------------------------- 290 r-v Rochdale Gold-Doree ---------------- 827 d-i AF3001-6 -------------------------------------- 314 q-v AF4013-3 ------------------------------- 828 d-i Kennebec -------------------------------------- 329 q-u CO098012-5R ------------------------- 849 d-h MSQ086-3 ------------------------------------ 364 p-t AF0338-17 ----------------------------- 895 c-g NYH15-17 ------------------------------------ 376 o-s Yukon Gold ---------------------------- 928 c-f NY136 (Strawberry Paw) ------------------ 389 n-s AF4138-8 ------------------------------- 934 c-f Chieftain --------------------------------------- 491 m-r Russet Norkotah ----------------------- 962 cde Snowden --------------------------------------- 498 m-r NY150 (NYF52-1) -------------------- 972 cd AF4296-3 -------------------------------------- 526 l-q B2833-16 ------------------------------- 1110 bc Katahdin --------------------------------------- 559 k-p AF4157-6 ------------------------------- 1290 ab Atlantic ---------------------------------------- 584 j-p Dark Red Norland --------------------- 1312 ab AF4172-2 -------------------------------------- 594 j-o B2676-2 --------------------------------- 1401 a AF4124-7 -------------------------------------- 607 i-n
z AUDPC = area under the disease progress curve was calculated from 4 Aug to 28 Aug according to the formula: ∑n
i=1[(Ri+1 + Ri)/2] [ti+1 – ti], where R = disease severity rating (% of leaf surface affected) at the ith observation, ti = time (days) since the previous rating at the ith observation, and n = total number of observations.
y Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05 as determined by Fisher’s protected least significant difference test (LSD = 224).
36
POTATO (Solanum tuberosum) X.S. Qu, M.W. Peck, C.E. Moore and B.J. Christ Powdery scab; Spongospora subterranea Department of Plant Pathology &
Environmental Microbiology The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802
Field evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to powdery scab in Pennsylvania, 2014. Forty potato cultivars and advanced breeding lines were planted in a naturally infested field in Potter Co., PA on 17 Jun. The soil type was a Mardin silt loam. The previous crop was hay. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The plots were 6-ft long with 8 seed pieces planted in each plot and 5-ft breaks between plots within a row. Fertilizer was banded in-furrow at a rate of 1200 lb/A 8.5-8.5-11.4-19.0-5.68 (N-P-K-S-Mg) at planting. Precipitation was 6.04, 3.38, 5.77, and 2.25 in. for Jun, Jul, Aug, and Sep, respectively. The summer was cool and wet. Standard crop management practices and a recommended fungicide program for the management of early and late blight were followed. Reglone (1.0 oz/A) was applied to vine kill on 3, 10, 12, 19 Sep. Tubers were harvested on 9 Oct. The tubers were visually assessed, and the number of tubers with powdery scab was determined from the total number of tubers per plot. Disease incidence was calculated as the percentage of tubers with powdery scab. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance test, and means were separated using Fisher’s protected least significant difference test (SAS v. 9.4, SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Kennebec and Shepody were included as susceptible check cultivars. Russet Burbank was the moderately resistant check. Under high disease pressure, eight cultivars and breeding lines were classified as moderately resistant, and they include: AF4532-8, Russet Norkotah, AF3362-1, Teton Russet, Dakota Trailblazer, Snowden, AF3001-6, and Katahdin.
Cultivar/Line Powdery Scab Incidence (%)
Cultivar/Line
Powdery Scab Incidence (%)
Russet Burbank ------------------------ 2.0 pz NY148 (NYE106-4) ------------------- 63.0 b-h AF4532-8 ------------------------------- 2.7 p B2676-2 ---------------------------------- 63.8 b-h Russet Norkotah ----------------------- 3.9 p BNC244-10 ----------------------------- 64.2 a-h AF3362-1 ------------------------------- 4.4 op Yukon Gold ----------------------------- 64.4 a-h Teton Russet --------------------------- 5.7 op Chieftain --------------------------------- 66.1 a-g Dakota Trailblazer -------------------- 7.9 nop NYH15-17 ------------------------------- 67.3 a-g Snowden -------------------------------- 11.5 m-p MSQ086-3 ------------------------------- 68.3 a-g AF3001-6 ------------------------------- 15.9 l-p Atlantic ----------------------------------- 71.0 a-f Katahdin -------------------------------- 28.3 k-p Dark Red Norland---------------------- 73.2 a-e Palisade Russet ------------------------ 31.3 j-o AF0338-17 ------------------------------ 74.2 a-e AF4347-1 ------------------------------- 34.6 i-n CO098012-5R -------------------------- 77.1 a-d AF4157-6 ------------------------------- 38.0 h-m NY150 (NYF52-1) --------------------- 81.5 a-d BNC182-5 ------------------------------ 38.7 h-m B2833-16 -------------------------------- 82.4 a-d AF4124-4 ------------------------------- 41.2 g-l AF4013-3 -------------------------------- 84.4 abc Superior --------------------------------- 43.5 g-k NY136 (Strawberry Paw) ------------ 85.3 abc AF4172-2 ------------------------------- 45.2 f-k AF4342-3 -------------------------------- 85.8 abc AF4124-7 ------------------------------- 47.8 e-k AF4320-17 ------------------------------ 86.5 abc CO00291-5R --------------------------- 55.3 d-k Shepody ---------------------------------- 87.3 abc Rochdale Gold-Doree ---------------- 56.9 d-j AF4296-3 -------------------------------- 87.7 ab AF4138-8 ------------------------------- 59.9 c-i Kennebec -------------------------------- 91.3 a
z Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05 as determined by Fisher’s protected least significant difference test (LSD = 27.4).
37
POTATO (Solanum tuberosum ‘Atlantic’) X.S. Qu, M.W. Peck, C.E. Moore and B.J. Christ Late blight; Phytophthora infestans Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 Evaluation of foliar fungicides for control of potato late blight in Pennsylvania, 2014. Fungicides were evaluated on potato cv. Atlantic at the Penn State Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center in Rock Springs, PA. The soil type was a Hagerstown silty clay loam. The previous crop was wheat. Potatoes were planted on 16 Jun. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. Plots were three-rows wide (36 in. spacing between rows) and 10-ft long with 8 in. seed piece spacing. Fertilization was 966 lb/A of 20-10-10 (N-P-K) banded in row at planting. Liquid N fertilizer was applied at 33 lb/A on 18 Jul during hilling. Precipitation was 5.71, 3.84, 5.52, and 1.38 in. for Jun, Jul, Aug, and Sep, respectively. Natural infection of Phytophthora infestans clonal lineage US-23 occurred in the middle of August. Overhead sprinklers were used for approximately one hour daily when the weather was dry and hot to increase humidity in the plant canopy after infection. Fungicides were applied with a tractor-mounted, N2-pressurized side boom sprayer at 30 psi and 45 gal/A. The spray boom was equipped with drop nozzles and boom nozzles so that both sides and the top of each plant were uniformly sprayed. Disease ratings were determined by visually assessing each plot for the percentage of late blight diseased foliage. The plots were rated on 17, 24, 30 Aug and 3, 7, 12, 18 Sep and the assessments were used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Plants were vine killed on 23 and 26 Sep with Reglone (2.0 pt/A). The middle row of each plot was harvested on 10 Oct. Tubers were sorted for marketability and yield data was collected. Disease and yield data were subjected to analysis of variance and Fisher’s protected least significant difference test (SAS v. 9.4, SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Under high disease pressure, all of the treatments significantly suppressed season-long foliar late blight compared to the untreated control. Fungicide programs with A20941, A20942 or Zing! only were the most effective and had among the highest yields. All of the treatments had higher yields than the untreated control. Nine treatments had significantly higher yields than the untreated control.
Treatment and rate/A Days after first applicationz AUDPCy Yield (cwt/A)x
Bravo Weather Stik 6 SC 1.5 pt A20941 OD 2.05 fl oz
0, 15, 29, 36 7, 22 5 fw 338 ab
Bravo Weather Stik 6 SC 1.5 pt A20942 SC 2.5 pt
0, 15, 29, 36 7, 22 5 f 338 ab
Bravo Weather Stik 6 SC 1.5 pt A20941 OD 2.05 fl oz Revus 2.09 SC 8.2 fl oz
0, 15, 29, 36 7, 22 7, 22 7 f 396 a
Bravo Weather Stik 6 SC 1.5 pt A20941 OD 2.05 fl oz Revus 2.09 SC 8.2 fl oz
0, 7, 15, 29 22, 36 22, 36 15 f 289 b-e
ZING! 34 fl oz + Induce 0.5% 0, 7, 15, 22, 29, 36 31 f 314 a-d Bravo Weather Stik 6SC 1.5 pt 0, 7, 15, 22, 29, 36 78 ef 321 abc GWN-10243 25 oz + Induce 0.5% 0, 7, 15, 22, 29, 36 82 ef 285 b-e Bravo Weather Stik 6 SC 1.5 pt Zampro 4.38 SL 14 oz
0, 15, 29, 36 7, 22 93 ef 235 c-f
GWN-10237 25 oz + Induce 0.5% 0, 7, 15, 22, 29, 36 117 ef 286 b-e GWN-9790 6.4 oz + Induce 0.5% 0, 7, 15, 22, 29, 36 150 de 194 ef GWN-10236 6.4 oz + Induce 0.5% 0, 7, 15, 22, 29, 36 235 cd 223 def CX-10250 4.5 oz/100 gal Bravo Weather Stik 6SC 1.5 pt
0, 15, 29 7, 22, 36 292 c 179 f
CX-10470 1.75 pt Bravo Weather Stik 6SC 1.5 pt
0, 15, 29 7, 22, 36 295 c 212 ef
Bravo Weather Stik 6 SC 1.5 pt 0, 15, 29 301 c 286 b-e CX-10470 1.75 pt 0, 7, 15, 22, 29, 36 981 b 167 f CX-10470 1.5 pt 0, 7, 15, 22, 29, 36 1077 b 198 ef Untreated Control 1376 a 160 f LSD (0.05) 115 96
z First fungicide application was 11 Aug. y AUDPC = Area under disease progress curve was calculated from 17 Aug to 18 Sep according to the formula: ∑n
i=1[(Ri+1 + Ri)/2] [ti+1 – ti], where R = disease severity rating (% of leaf surface affected) at the ith observation, ti = time (days) since the previous rating at the ith observation, and n = total number of observations.
x cwt/A = hundred weight per acre of healthy tubers with a diameter greater than 1.875 inches. w Means followed by the same letter within columns are not significantly different at P = 0.05 as determined by Fisher’s protected least significant difference test.
38
