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EYE EXAMINATIONEYE EXAMINATION

Gitalisa AndayaniGitalisa Andayani

Nila F MoeloekNila F Moeloek

S etiowati S uhardjonoS etiowati S uhardjono

Dept o Ophthal!olo"y#Dept o Ophthal!olo"y#

Fa$ulty o Medi$ine# %ni&ersity o Indones iaFa$ulty o Medi$ine# %ni&ersity o Indones ia


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ANATOMY OF THE EYEANATOMY OF THE EYE


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AnamnesisAnamnesis

1.1. Chief complaint:Chief complaint:

- acute persistent visual loss- acute persistent visual loss

- chronic progressive visual losschronic progressive visual loss

- flashes, photopsia- flashes, photopsia- red eye- red eye

- proptosis- proptosis

- tearing, etc- tearing, etc

2.2. History takingHistory taking3.3. Family historyFamily history

4.4. Systemic diseasesSystemic diseases


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Visual lossVisual loss

Abnormalities inAbnormalities in media of refractionmedia of refraction cornea, anterior chamber, lens,cornea, anterior chamber, lens,

vitreous bodyvitreous body

Abnormalities inAbnormalities in neral tisseneral tisse

retina, optic nerveretina, optic nerve


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Common causes of visual lossCommon causes of visual loss

Acte !isal loss:Acte !isal loss:

- Retinal detachment- Retinal detachment

- Optic neuritis- Optic neuritis

- Retinal vascular occlusion- Retinal vascular occlusion

Chronic !isal lossChronic !isal loss

- Cataract- Cataract - rogressive myopia- rogressive myopia


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!!

Ophthalmology examinationOphthalmology examination

C"#$"%&%'S:C"#$"%&%'S:

"isual acuity"isual acuity

Confrontation visual fieldsConfrontation visual fields#$ternal e$amination#$ternal e$amination

upillary e$aminationupillary e$amination

%otility and alignment e$amination%otility and alignment e$amination

Ophthalmoscopic e$aminationOphthalmoscopic e$amination


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&&

Ophthalmology examinationOphthalmology examination

' (etermine the smallest ob)ect

clearly seen in a certain distance

' (istingishing 2 separate points' *isal angle of + mintes to see

a letter, bt to analy-e the form

completely, reire resoltion of

1 minte arc

*isal acity


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((

Visual acuity testingVisual acuity testing

' Snellen/s notation:

testing distance

00000000000000000000

distance of the line of

smallest letters readable

' %otation Fraction of + 5+6

(ecimal

Snellen Chart


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))

$7%H"8& '&S'$7%H"8& '&S'

'*f visual acuity is notnormal

'+etermine if it is

optical refractive error

or media opacity.

neral retinal or optic

nerve lesion.

'7mpro!ed: optical

'%ot impro!ed: - neural

- poor compliance

inhole eye shield /ith a small hole allo/ing

light rays to reach retina /ithout interference

of optical problems


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1010

8o9 !ision8o9 !ision

'ountin" in"ers ()*+, - .*+,/'ountin" in"ers ()*+, - .*+,/

0and !o&e!ent ()*1,,/2 &erti$al and0and !o&e!ent ()*1,,/2 &erti$al andhori3ontalhori3ontal

4i"ht per$eption ()*5/4i"ht per$eption ()*5/

No li"ht per$eptionNo li"ht per$eption


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1111

efractionefraction

efraction %ear !isionreadin

$ictre chart


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CONFRONTATION TESTCONFRONTATION TEST

Distance of 1 m

Examiner considered normal


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External examinationExternal examination

1.1. Anterior segmentAnterior segment #yebro/s, eyelids, tarsal conunctiva, bulbar#yebro/s, eyelids, tarsal conunctiva, bulbar

conunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, iris,conunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, iris,

pupil, and lenspupil, and lens

at least, use a penlight if availableat least, use a penlight if available

loupe.loupe.

1.1. Posterior segmentPosterior segment "itreous, retina, optic disc"itreous, retina, optic disc


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Ciliary injection

Conjunctial injection

Re! eye"Re! eye"Scleral injection


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ANTERIOR CHAM#ERANTERIOR CHAM#ER

HY$O$ION


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1!1!

F%&ORESCEIN TESTF%&ORESCEIN TEST


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1&1&

CORNEA% SENSITI'ITY TESTCORNEA% SENSITI'ITY TEST


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1(1(

IRISIRIS

ynechiaynechia

*ridodialisis*ridodialisis

' Crypti

' Color


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1)1)

KatarakKatarak

Shadow testShadow test

%ENS%ENS

*mmature %ature


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2020

C6RC6C6RC6

*mmature %ature

%orgagnian 7ypermature

S


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2121

Senile cataractSenile cataract


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upillary e$aminationupillary e$amination

upil si8e in dim and light.upil si8e in dim and light.

/inging light test if dilated %arcus 9unn/inging light test if dilated %arcus 9unnpupil or relative afferent pupillary defect.pupil or relative afferent pupillary defect.

optic neuritis, retinal detachment,optic neuritis, retinal detachment,

vein:artery occlusionvein:artery occlusionnisocorianisocoria


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#otility and Alignment#otility and Alignment

&;amination&;amination

#$traocular muscles


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Ocular alignmentOcular alignment

ESOTRO$IA

E(OTRO$IA

HY$ERTRO$IA

HY$OTRO$IA


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Corneal light re)lection te"tCorneal light re)lection te"t

Normal *ortho+

,- . ET *e"otropia+

/0. ET

1- .ET


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2!2!

OC&%AR MO'EMENTSOC&%AR MO'EMENTS

Cardinal GazeCardinal Gaze

FieldsFields

ConvergenceConvergence

DiplopiaDiplopia

NystagmusNystagmus


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2&2&

CAR2INA% 3A4E FIE%2CAR2INA% 3A4E FIE%2


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2(2(

O$HTHA%MOSCO$YO$HTHA%MOSCO$Y

F&N2&S E(AMINATIONF&N2&S E(AMINATION


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2)2)

F&N2&S E(AMINATIONF&N2&S E(AMINATION

efle;efle;

"ptic disc"ptic disc

Arteries < *einsArteries < *eins

#acla#acla

etinaetina

S i ) ! i i


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Syatematic )un!u" examinationSyatematic )un!u" examination

O ti !iOptic !i"c


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Optic !i"cOptic !i"c

%ormal%ormal

8arge cpping8arge cpping

=lacomatos=lacomatos

cppingcpping

O h i i


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Other examination"Other examination"

$&7#&'>CA#$7#&'>$&7#&'>CA#$7#&'>

'"%"#&'>'"%"#&'>

&?"$H'HA8#"#&'>&?"$H'HA8#"#&'>

A%&8 '&S'A%&8 '&S'

SCH7#& '&S'SCH7#& '&S'

C"8" *7S7"%C"8" *7S7"%

3O C3O%2MANN CAM$IMETRY


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3O%2MANN CAM$IMETRY3O%2MANN CAM$IMETRY

2i i l $ l i2i it l $ l ti


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3434

2igital $alpation2igital $alpation

5 han!"

, han!

SCHIOT4 TONOMETER


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SCHIOT4 TONOMETERSCHIOT4 TONOMETER

1

Calli6ration

'ARIO&S TONOMETERS'ARIO&S TONOMETERS


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3!3!

'ARIO&S TONOMETERS'ARIO&S TONOMETERS


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3&3&

ANE% TESTANE% TEST

HERTE% E(O$HTHA%MO%METERHERTE% E(O$HTHA%MO%METER


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3(3(

HERTE% E(O$HTHA%MO%METERHERTE% E(O$HTHA%MO%METER


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3)3)

SCHIRMER TESTSCHIRMER TEST


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'olor &ision tests2'olor &ision tests2

IS0I0A6A 74ATESIS0I0A6A 74ATES


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