Pellagra

Niacin deficiencyCharacterized by the 4

D’s: dermatitis, diarrhea,

dementia, deathPrevented by eating

red meat; enriched and whole-grain cereals

Pellagra--dermatitis

Pellagra--hands

Rickets

• Deficiency of calcium or Vitamin D

• Characterized by soft bones or bowed legs

• May have misshapen breast bones in children

Anemia

• A blood disorder• Iron deficiency• Reduced number of red

blood cells in the blood stream—results in feeling tired

• Teen-age girls are most susceptible to this condition

• Red meats—liver –egg yolks are good sources

Pernicious Anemia

• Type of blood disorder that results from a lack of Vitamin B12 and intrinsic factor—found naturally in digestive tract—diminishes with age

Osteoporosis

• A calcium deficiency disease that results in a decreased amount of bone mass

• Porous, brittle bones • Loss in bone density• Milk and milk

products help to prevent

Obesity

• Extremely overweight• 10-20 percent above

the normal range for a particular age, gender, and height

• Can lead to heart disease; arthritis; diabetes

Scurvy• Severe Vitamin C

deficiency• Recall the sailors and their

illness and death from eating dried fruits—vitamin C is destroyed by heat and light

• Less severe deficiency results in bleeding gums and bruises that do not heal quickly

• Vitamin C helps form collagen

SCURVY POSITION

Marasmus

• Malnutrition that develops when both calories and protein are deficient

Arteriosclerosis• A disease in which there is a

build-up of plaque, primarily composed of cholesterol, on the inner walls of blood vessels

• Remember: HDL picks up plaque and carries it back to liver; LDL causes plaque

• Best kind of fat: Monounsaturated—Canola oil ; olive oil—raise HDL and lowers LDL

• Worst Kind of fat: Saturated—raises only the level of LDL

Beriberi

• A disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine

• (Remember B—BB)• Partial paralysis,

weakness, mental confusion; death

• Eat lean pork and enriched grains

Bulimia

• An eating disorder characterized by abnormal and constant eating of food

• Binging

• Followed by abnormal elimination of food

• Purging

Malnutrition

• Poor nourishment resulting from too many or too few calories and or nutrients

• Over an extended period of time

• Can be caused by the body’s inability to use the nutrients it takes in

Kwashiorkor

• Malnutrition that develops when calories are adequate but protein is deficient

• Potbellies are prominent as a result of water retention

• Remember that one function of protein is to maintain water balance

• Seen more in third world countries

Hypertension

• High blood pressure• Excessive tension or

pressure in the blood stream

• Sodium is linked with high blood pressure

HYPERTENSION

Cheiolis

• Riboflavin deficiency• Scaly – greasy skin

around mouth corners and nose

Other food-related problems or disorders

• Anorexia nervosa—psychological disorder where a person eats very little or refuses to eat as they see themselves overweight even when they are dangerously underweight

• Diabetes Mellitus—lack of or inability to use the hormone insulin, which results in the build up of glucose in the bloodstream—can be helped by diet

• Goiter—an enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by a lack of iodine—always buy iodized salt

• Underweight—ten percent or more below desirable weight for height. Usually a body mass index at less than 19

• Night blindness—inability to adjust to varying degrees of light—associated with Vitamin A deficiency

• Birth defect –spinal bifidia—may be prevented by taking folic acid

PKU—INABILITY TOUSE AN ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID

TREATED WITH DIET

GOITER

ECZEMA