Pelamis Guide

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OCEAN POWER

DELIVERY LTD.

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The Pelamis Wave Energy Converter - An update on performance and operational aspects

Max CarcasBusiness Development Director



- Incorporated January 1998- £7.5m VC investment 2002-2004- £2.5m support from UK DTI- Based in Edinburgh- Combined ‘wave’ experience of

over 50 years

- 32 full-time personnel

OCEAN POWER DELIVERY

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Environmental:• Global warming• EU/UK Kyoto commitments

Socio-economic:

• Hidden costs of conventional generation• Renewables increasingly affordable• Industrial-economic potential

ENERGY POLICY DRIVERS

UK ENERGY POLICY OBJECTIVES:

Security of supply:• Electricity demand

continuing to rise• Existing power plants

reaching end of life• UK to be net importer

of gas in <5 years

Hydro 1%

Other

fuels 2½%Imports

3%

Oil 1%

Gas

37%

Coal

33½%

Nuclear

22%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01

GW

Coal fired

Combined Cycle Gas TurbineOil fired

Mixed/dual fired

Nuclear

Hydro

Renewable & Other

G e n . C a p a c i t y

A v e . D e m a n d

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• Today >40GW installed,8GW last year

• Fastest growth area inelectricity generatingindustry

• Denmark: >20,000employed, $3-4bn inexports

• Costs of generationhave fallen by ~80% asmarket has grown

• In the UK firstcommercial wind farmwas only developed 12years ago

WIND POWER

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Growth in Global Market for Wind Turbines

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

50006000

7000

8000

9000

1 9 8 3

1 9 8 5

1 9 8 7

1 9 8 9

1 9 9 1

1 9 9 3

1 9 9 5

1 9 9 7

1 9 9 9

2 0 0 1

2 0 0 3

M W i n s t a l l e d p e

r y e a

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

2500030000

35000

40000

45000

C u m m u l a t i v e

M W

MW installed per year

Cumulative MW installed

Source: BTM

Consult Aps



WHY WAVE ENERGY?

Huge Resource & Market- Most dense renewable resource- UK ~50-80TWh/year

~15-25% UK demand>£20bn CapEx

- World >2000TWh/year >£500bn CapEx

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WHY WAVE ENERGY?

Forecastability

-Numerous calibratedWIND-WAVE models

-Existing offshoreforecasting services

-Immunity to localclimatic effects

- Small hourly &diurnal variation

Wave height (ft)

Peak period (sec)

Wave forecast images courtesy of LOLA

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WHY OFFSHORE…?- Best resource in deep water >50m

- Plenty of space plus high ‘power-density’

- Minimal environmental impact

- Minimum visual intrusion

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SOUTH UIST

Variation of wave energy resource with water depth

0

20

40

60

80

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Water depth (m)

M e a n p o w e r ( k W / m )



OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

The offshore/marine sector’s

contribution:

“No major technical barriers to the

development of wave energy

prototypes have been identified.

All issues raised under design,construction, deployment and

operation can be addressed by

transfer of technology from other

industries, especially the offshore

industry”

DTI Report - Wave Energy: Technology Transfer &

R&D Recommendations

Ove Arup, October 2000

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THE PELAMIS WECConcept

− Articulated cylinder −Self-referenced−Slack moored−Head-on to incident waves

Complete machine

- 150m length- 3.5m diameter - 750kW rating- 2.7GWh p.a.

Power Conversion Module

- 4 x hydraulic rams (2 heave, 2 sway)- 2 x 157kVA/ 125kW motor/generator sets- 250kW rating

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KEY FEATURES

• Survivability – core theme…• 100% available technology• Hydraulic Power Take Off • Power smoothing• Tuneable• Maximum flexibility

• Minimum work on-site• Off-site maintenance

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POWER SMOOTHING

POWER LIMITING



DEVELOPMENT PATH

Experimental

Modelling- 14 tank test programmes- 5 test models at 80th, 50th,35th,33rd & 20th scales- Survivability characteristic validated- Numerical power predictions validated- Mooring dynamics validated- Further tank programmes

Numerical

Modelling- Frequency domain simulation- Time-domain simulation- Structural analysis- Power take-off & control- Mooring dynamics- Extreme load analysis

1/7th scale

full systems

prototype

Independent

Design

Verification

Full-scale

Power

Conversion

Module F u l l - s c a l e , p r e - p r o d u c t i o n

p r o t o t y p e

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1/7th SCALE PROTOTYPE

-‘Full systems’ prototype- Same hydraulics system- Same control system- First tests October 2001- Concept verified at 1/7th scale

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POWER CONVERSION MODULETEST-RIG

Successful verification of full-scale power take off system on land

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DESIGN VERIFICATION

• Work undertaken by WS Atkins, Europe’spremier offshore design consultants

• All aspects of design and construction

• Assessed to same factors of safety asmanned offshore oil & gas installations

• Application of DNV/API offshore designcodes

• Fatigue and extreme load analysis over

design life of machine (ULS, ALS, FLS)• Verified and insured

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FULL-SCALE PROTOTYPE

• Machine is pre-productionprototype• Supported by UK DTI• Build/assembly through

managed subcontracts

• Initial sea trials behind

vessel• Testing at EMEC

• Power prediction• Connection/ detachment• Survivability, operability,

maintainability, reliability

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P-750 PROTOTYPE ‘PHILOSOPHY’

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- Pre-production unit- 15 year design life- Conservative design

- Design independently verified(WS Atkins)- Systems proven- Moorings system as for farm- Fully instrumented- SCADA- Insured

DESIGN DRIVERS:

- Build methods- Deployment methods- Maintenance methods



























FINAL ASSEMBLY, ROSYTHFINAL ASSEMBLY, ROSYTH



EMEC

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EMEC, ORKNEY







MOORINGS INSTALLED



PELAMIS INSTALLED

Image © Aquatera.co.uk



Image © Aquatera.co.uk



ONWARD PROGRAMME- Rigorous testing of prototype

- Commercialisation- Project development…

(Cornwall, Scotland, Portugal, USA + others…)

- Target = demonstration projects installed during 2005

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Year 2003 2004 2005

Quarter 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

FULL-SCALE DEMONSTRATOR

Build

Launch

Test

PROJECTS - PHASE ONE

PROJECTS - PHASE TWO



PROJECTS – PHASE ONE

Example (2005)- 4-10 x 750kW machines- 3-7.5MW rated output- BUT infrastructure & development

work for whole project

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PHASES TWO AND ONWARDS

EXAMPLE

- 39 x P-750 machines- 30MW- £30-50m installed cost- 2.0km x 0.5km- 30 MW/km2

- 110 GWh/year (~20,000 homes)

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PORTUGALGRUPO ENERSIS

- 3-5MW demonstration, Nazaré- Target build/install 2005- Wave measurement underway- Survey underway- Local manufacturing content- 20MW accepted by DGE

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WIND PROSPECT

- Wind Prospect (2nd UK wind farm, Burbo)- Ocean Prospect formed- Phased wave-farm deployment- Demo at ‘Wave Hub’?- General site survey underway- Target installation 2006

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SW ENGLAND



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Electrical Power Research Institute

- Public/private project part funded byDOE, NREL and individual states

- Project: four state wave energydemonstration projects in Maine, Oregon,Washington, Hawaii

- Pelamis selected by EPRI as the bestand only system currently recommendedfor deployment.

- Target installation 2006OCEAN POWER

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- Consortium development- Sites identified- Staged development- Target: first stage installed 2005/6- Onward routemap defined- Expected funding from £50m DTI

marine deployment fund

SCOTLAND

2 0 0 0

m

5 0 0 m

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COST REDUCTIONMECHANISMS

• Required returns on capital

• Economies of Scale• Learning by doing

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REQUIRED RETURNS

Influenced by:• Risks during project

development• Risks during

construction/installation• Risks during operation

(technical & political)• Availability of debt• Project length• Due diligence costs• Bankable warranties• Future uncertainty

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ECONOMIES OF SCALE

• Planning – Onshore costs, Env. Impacts, Seabed survey,

Resource assessment and measurement

• Construction – Cable costs, Cable lay costs, Grid connection,

Machine installation• Machine

– Bulk ordering of components, Tooling costs, Plantoverhead, Verification costs

• Operation

– Insurance, Maintenance, Spares

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ECONOMIES OF SCALE

Economies of scale - example of ratio of fixed costs to variable costs (machines)

1-4, 4-10 and 10-28 machine project examples

0.00

5.00

10.00

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20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 12 14 16 20 24 28No. of machines in project

T o t a l P r o j e c t C o s t

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

N o n m a c h i n e c o s t s

% o f t o t a lMachine costs

Non-machine costs

Fixed costs % of total

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EXPERIENCE & TECHNOLOGICALIMPROVEMENT

• Project capital costs – Machine cost – components

– Prototype – Batch – Series production

– Development costs (EIA etc)

• Project operation – Improvements in energy capture

– Insurance costs

– O&M costs

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BRIDGING THE GAP- High initial costs...- High initial risks...- High initial opportunities…

- Costs fall as a result of technical refinement

- Costs fall in line withinstalled capacity

- Costs fall as a result of investor confidence

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THE OPPORTUNITY

• First projects: attractive returns,

through market enablementmechanisms (eg: UK: RenewableObligation + Capital grants;Portugal €c23/kWh)

OPDManufacture and

supply waveenergy converters

Developer Plan, permit,finance and

install wave farms

Operator Own and operatewave farms, sell

electricity generated

Additional renewables generating capacity required by 2010 to meet targets(assumes typical 30% capacity factor for all ren ewables)

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

U n i t e

d K i

n g d o

m

F r a n

c e

I r e l a n d

D e n m

a r k

N o r w

a y

S p a i n

P o r t u

g a l

S o u t h

A f r i c

a

A u s t r a l i a

V a n c

o u v e

r I s l a n

d

C a l i f

o r n i a *

G W r

e q u i r e d t o b e i n s t a l l e d

Total Requirement: 60GW, approx £50bn

* proposed targets for California and South Africa. SA target for all energy use in 2012.

• Strategic:

Accessible globalmarket size >£50bnby 2010, unlimitedby resource

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Documents

Pelamis Guide