PEER REVIEW HISTORY ...€¦PEER REVIEW HISTORY . BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form

PEER REVIEW HISTORY

BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to

complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf) and

are provided with free text boxes to elaborate on their assessment. These free text comments are

reproduced below.

ARTICLE DETAILS

TITLE (PROVISIONAL) The 100 Top-cited Articles Focusing on Acute Kidney Injury: a bibliometric analysis

AUTHORS Liu, Yuan-hui; Wang, Sheng-qi; Xue, Jin-hua; Liu, Yong; Chen, Ji-yan; Li, Guo-feng; He, Peng-cheng; Tan, Ning

VERSION 1 - REVIEW

REVIEWER Rita Pavasini UO Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S.Anna, Ferrara, Italy

REVIEW RETURNED 08-Mar-2016

GENERAL COMMENTS This is a very interesting and beautiful bibliometric evaluation of the most 100 cited articles on acute kidney injury. I have no concerns about methods. I would only suggest minor changes: - In the discussion is written: “the most productive journals were the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology and Kidney International, which have relatively low IFs. This result indicates an increasing trend of publishing highly influential articles in specialty journals dedicated solely to research into renal diseases such as AKI rather than general medical journals (e.g. Lancet or JAMA)”. The problem with high IF journal is that the criteria for publication are really high, and mainly related to the kind of study published, for instance observational retrospective study can give important information on every scientific issue, the problem is that journal with high IF are maybe more interested in publication of big RCT. For this reason it could be interesting also classify the most cited article according to the presence or not of OpenAccess option for the article cited. - At the same time also ad additional analysis between observational studies and RCT could be done. Where are they published? Are those journals with open access options? Are observational studies mainly published in journal with low IF? Is there any difference between retrospective and prospective studies in terms of citations and kind of journal or IF? What about meta-analysis? - Is it change something over years? Are more cited and published prospective studies and RCT today or in the past?

REVIEWER Yuh-Shan Ho Asia University, Taiwan


GENERAL COMMENTS “Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major global health issue and its

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incidence is markedly increasing in both developed and developing nations.” Reference is needed. The original paper would be recommended for more details. Citing the original paper is not only respecting authors who presented a novel idea in research but also to read the original idea in detail of the work. Plagiarism is defined as when the authors of a scientific publication duplicate previously published idea, text, or figures in the scientific literature without any citations. “The reported incidence ranges from 5% to 30-50% in patients under various conditions, such as coronary intervention, cardiac surgery, and intensive care unit admission.” Reference is needed. The original paper would be recommended for more details. “The development of AKI not only increases hospital stay and health care costs, but also results in poor short- and long-term outcomes1-4.” There are too many references. The original and the most frequently cited papers would be recommended for more details. “Considering the importance of AKI, researches in this field has been increasing, and numerous articles have been published annually, giving new insights into the mechanism, early recognition, prevention or treatment of AKI.” Reference is needed. The original paper would be recommended for more details. “However, little is known regarding the quality of scientific achievements in this area.” Reference is needed. The original paper would be recommended for more details. “Citation analysis is a bibliometric process that determines the influence of an article in the scientific community and evaluates the impact factor (IF) of a journal.” Reference is needed. The original paper would be recommended for more details. “The number of citations received by an article is a measure of its recognition and influence within the scientific community. A paper with greater citation history may be more valuable in its field5.” Authors noticed that “We also demonstrate that the number of citations a paper accumulates is a poor measure of merit and we argue that although it is likely to be poor, the impact factor, of the journal in which a paper is published, may be the best measure of scientific merit currently available.” in the reference. “Furthermore, citation analysis of the scientific literature may help to identify articles, research topics, and authors of influence.” Reference is needed. The original paper would be recommended for more details. “Therefore, we aimed to analyze the characteristics of the 100 top-cited articles focused on AKI, and to determine achievements and advances in this field during the past century.” “AKI” might not be “acute kidney injury”. “We conducted a citation search of the Science Citation Index Expanded of the ISI Web of Science (Thomson Reuters,


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Philadelphia, PA, USA) from 1945 to 15 July 2015.” Method is not appropriate. There is no more ISI. Why is 1945? Results cannot be repeated and checked by the method. “The search topic terms included “acute kidney injury” or “AKI” or “acute renal failure” or “ARF”.” Method is not appropriate. “AKI” and “ARF” might not be “acute kidney injury” and “acute renal failure”, for example Liscum, E. and Reed, J.W. (2002), Genetics of Aux/IAA and ARF action in plant growth and development. Plant Molecular Biology, 49 (3-4), 387-400 Donnelly, V.M., Baronavski, A.P. and Mcdonald, J.R. (1979), Arf-Laser Photo-Dissociation of Nh3 at 193-Nm - Internal Energy-Distributions in Nh2X2B1 and A2A1, and 2-Photon Generation of Nh-A3-Pi and B1-Sigma+. Chemical Physics, 43 (2), 271-281 Remington, D.L., Vision, T.J., Guilfoyle, T.J. and Reed, J.W. (2004), Contrasting modes of diversification in the Aux/IAA and ARF gene families. Plant Physiology, 135 (3), 1738-1752 Burnham, R. and Djeu, N. (1976), Ultraviolet-Preionized Discharge-Pumped Lasers in Xef, Krf, and Arf. Applied Physics Letters, 29 (11), 707-709 Awazu, K. and Kawazoe, H. (1990), O-2 Molecules Dissolved in Synthetic Silica Glasses and Their Photochemical-Reactions Induced by Arf Excimer Laser-Radiation. Journal of Applied Physics, 68 (7), 3584-3591 Fujiwara, T., Takahashi, M. and Ikushima, A.J. (1997), Second-harmonic generation in germanosilicate glass poled with ArF laser irradiation. Applied Physics Letters, 71 (8), 1032-1034 Kinoshita, K., Ishibashi, H. and Kobayashi, T. (1994), Improved Surface Smoothness of Yba2Cu3Oy Films and Related Multilayers by Arf Excimer-Laser Deposition with Shadow Mask Eclipse Method. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 2-Letters, 33 (3B), L417-L420 Aquilanti, V., Luzzatti, E., Pirani, F. and Volpi, G.G. (1988), Molecular-Beam Studies of Weak-Interactions for Open-Shell Systems - the Ground and Lowest Excited-States of Arf, Krf, and Xef. Journal of Chemical Physics, 89 (10), 6165-6175 Davis, G.M., Gower, M.C., Fotakis, C., Efthimiopoulos, T. and Argyrakis, P. (1985), Spectroscopic Studies of Arf Laser Photoablation of Pmma. Applied Physics A-Materials Science & Processing, 36 (1), 27-30 Sieburth, L.E., Muday, G.K., King, E.J., Benton, G., Kim, S., Metcalf, K.E., Meyers, L., Seamen, E. and Van Norman, J.M. (2006), SCARFACE encodes an ARF-GAP that is required for normal auxin efflux and vein patterning in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 18 (6), 1396-1411 Nielsen, E., Cheung, A.Y. and Ueda, T. (2008), The regulatory RAB and ARF GTPases for vesicular trafficking. Plant Physiology, 147 (4), 1516-1526 Albert, J., Malo, B., Hill, K.O., Bilodeau, F., Johnson, D.C. and Theriault, S. (1995), Comparison of One-Photon and 2-Photon Effects in the Photosensitivity of Germanium-Doped Silica Optical Fibers Exposed to Intense Arf Excimer-Laser Pulses. Applied Physics Letters, 67 (24), 3529-3531 Egger, H., Luk, T.S., Boyer, K., Muller, D.F., Pummer, H., Srinivasan, T. and Rhodes, C.K. (1982), Picosecond, Tunable Arf Star Excimer Laser Source. Applied Physics Letters, 41 (11), 1032-1034 Greene, A.E. and Brau, C.A. (1978), Theoretical Studies of Uv-Preionized Transverse Discharge Krf and Arf Lasers. Ieee Journal of


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association of the Arabidopsis ARF exchange factor GNOM involves interaction of conserved domains. Plant Cell, 20 (1), 142-151 Hopp, B., Bor, Z., Homolya, E. and Mihalik, E. (1997), Investigation of conical structures created by ArF excimer laser irradiation of polycarbonate. Applied Surface Science, 109, 232-235 Ogawa, T., Sekiguchi, A. and Yoshizawa, N. (1996), Advantages of a SiOxNy:H anti-reflective layer for ArF excimer laser lithography. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1-Regular Papers Short Notes & Review Papers, 35 (12B), 6360-6365 Pola, J., Bastl, Z., Subrt, J. and Taylor, R. (1995), Chemical-Vapor-Deposition of Polycarbosilanes Via Arf Laser-Induced Photolysis of Sila-Cyclobutanes, 1-Methyl-1-Sila-Cyclobutanes and 1,3-Disila-Cyclobutanes. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 5 (9), 1345-1349 Kobayashi, H. and Kobayashi, T. (1994), Heteroepitaxial Growth of Quaternary Baxsr1-Xtio3 Thin-Films by Arf Excimer-Laser Ablation. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 2-Letters, 33 (4A), L533-L536 Lavid, M., Nachshon, Y., Gulati, S.K. and Stevens, J.G. (1994), Photochemical Ignition of Premixed Hydrogen/Oxygen Mixtures with Arf Laser. Combustion Science and Technology, 96 (4-6), 231-245 Tsuji, M., Furusawa, M. and Nishimura, Y. (1990), Arf-Star, Krf-Star and Xef-Star Emissions Produced from Dissociative Ion Recombination Reactions of Ar+, Kr+ and Xe+ with Sf-6(-) in the Flowing Afterglow. Chemical Physics Letters, 166 (4), 363-368 Liu, Z.Q., Miao, D.S., Xia, Q.W., Hermo, L. and Wing, S.S. (2007), Regulate expression of the ubiquitin protein ligase, E3(Histone)/LASU1/Mule/ARF-BP1/HUWE1, during spermatogenesis. Developmental Dynamics , 236 (10), 2889-2898 Saporita, A.J., Maggi, L.B., Apicelli, A.J. and Weber, J.D. (2007), Therapeutic targets in the ARF tumor suppressor pathway. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 14 (17), 1815-1827 Zhuang, X.L., Jiang, J.F., Li, J.H., Ma, Q.B., Xu, Y.Y., Xue, Y.B., Xu, Z.H. and Chong, K. (2006), Over-expression of OsAGAP, an ARF-GAP, interferes with auxin influx, vesicle trafficking and root development. Plant Journal, 48 (4), 581-591 Mizuguchi, M., Hosono, H., Kawazoe, H. and Ogawa, T. (1998), Generation of optical absorption bands in CaF2 single crystals by ArF excimer laser irradiation: Effect of yttrium impurity. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A-Vacuum Surfaces and Films, 16 (5), 3052-3057 Takahashi, M., Fujiwara, T., Kawachi, T. and Ikushima, A.J. (1997), Defect formation in GeO2-SiO2 glass by poling with ArF laser excitation. Applied Physics Letters, 71 (8), 993-995 Haruna, M., Ishizuki, H., Tsutsumi, J., Shimaoka, Y. and Nishihara, H. (1995), Characterization of LiNbO3 optical-waveguide film grown on sapphire by ArF excimer laser ablation. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1-Regular Papers Short Notes & Review Papers, 34 (11), 6084-6091 Dyer, P.E., Farley, R.J., Giedl, R., Byron, K.C. and Reid, D. (1994), High Reflectivity Fiber Gratings Produced by Incubated Damage Using A 193Nm Arf Laser. Electronics Letters, 30 (11), 860-862 Okuyama, M., Asano, J., Imai, T., Lee, D.H. and Hamakawa, Y. (1993), Preparation of Pbtio3 Thin-Film on Si by Arf Excimer-Laser Ablation. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1-Regular Papers Short Notes & Review Papers, 32 (9B), 4107-4110 Dietrich, T.R., Chiussi, S., Stafast, H. and Comes, F.J. (1989), Arf Laser Cvd of Hydrogenated Amorphous-Silicon - the Role of Buffer Gases. Applied Physics A-Materials Science & Processing, 48 (5), 405-414 Dornhofer, G., Hack, W. and Langel, W. (1984), Electronic Excitation


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and Quenching of Cs Formed in the Arf Laser Photolysis of Cs2. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 88 (14), 3060-3069 Nishi, N., Shinohara, H. and Hanzaki, I. (1980), Photochemical Conversion from Methylamine to Hydrogencyanide with An Arf Laser at 193 Nm. Chemical Physics Letters, 73 (3), 473-477 Ravenel, D.C. (1978), Nonexistence of Odd Primary Arf Invariant Elements in Stable Homotopy. Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 83 (MAY), 429-443 Takei, S., Shinjo, T. and Sakaida, Y. (2007), Study of self cross-link bottom antirellective coating and gap fill materials for sublimate defect reduction in ArF lithography. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1-Regular Papers Brief Communications & Review Papers, 46 (3A), 949-953 Kim, D.H., Lee, C.H., Cho, S.H., Lee, N.E. and Kwon, G.C. (2005), Effect of high-frequency variation on the etch characteristics of ArF photoresist and silicon nitride layers in dual frequency superimposed capacitively coupled plasma. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, 23 (5), 2203-2211 Hopp, B., Csete, M., Revesz, K., Vinko, J. and Bor, Z. (1996), Formation of the surface structure of polyethylene-terephtalate (PET) due to ArF excimer laser ablation. Applied Surface Science, 96-8, 611-616 “All electronic searches were conducted on one day, 15 July 2015, to avoid changes in citation rate as much as possible.” Method is not appropriate. Results cannot be repeated and checked by the method. “After all identified articles were retrieved, and the results were sorted using the option “Times cited”, which yielded a list of all the articles published in a specific journal ranked by citation number.” Method is not appropriate. Results cannot be repeated and checked by the method. “Articles on the list were then reviewed by two independent reviewers (Y.H.L and S.Q.W) by reading the abstracts or full-texts acquired from PubMed, Embase and ScienceDirect.” What are Y.H.L and S.Q.W? Authors noticed that “We conducted a citation search of the Science Citation Index Expanded of the ISI Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, Philadelphia, PA, USA) from 1945 to 15 July 2015.” Why are PubMed, Embase and ScienceDirect? “Only studies focusing on AKI were selected for further analysis.” “AKI” might not be “acute kidney injury”. “Any disagreement between the two reviewers was resolved through re-review or discussion with a third reviewer (J.H.X).” There are eight authors who are medical doctors. Why only two reviewers in this study? “The top 100 (T100) identified articles were further analyzed by the two reviewers (Y.H.L and S.Q.W) independently according to the following parameters: citation number, authorship (first, second and corresponding authors), journal name and IF, title, number of authors, country of origin (defined by the address of the corresponding author), publication year, funding source, type of article, and level of evidence for clinical studies (evaluated based on the levels of evidence introductory document from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine)12.”


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There are eight authors who are medical doctors. Why only two reviewers in this study? “The journals IFs were cross-referenced with the 2015 edition of Journal Citation Reports (JCR): Science Edition (1945-2014).” There is no “2015 edition of Journal Citation Reports (JCR)”. How do authors have it? “Based on their study design, research setting and goals, the selected articles were grouped into 5 categories: clinical guidelines, review, meta-analysis, basic research, and clinical research (including observational and randomized control trials, RCTs).” Why are these 5 categories? Authors noticed that “After all identified articles were retrieved” in the section of method. How to have “review” here? How to define “article” and “review”? What is the difference between “article” and “review”? “According to the causes of AKI, the topics were divided into (1) any cause, (2) contrast, (3) cardiac surgery, and (4) others.” Two reviewers are not appropriate. More reviewers would be recommended. “For comparison, we searched Scopus (http://www.scopus.com/ search/form.url; retrieved on July 15th, 2015) for total citation counts of the T100 articles.” Method is not appropriate. Authors noticed that “We conducted a citation search of the Science Citation Index Expanded of the ISI Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, Philadelphia, PA, USA) from 1945 to 15 July 2015.” “The Spearman test was used to evaluate the strength and direction of the linear relationship between journal IF and the number of T100 cited articles or citations, and the correlation of article citations between different databases (Web of Science and Scopus). Authors noticed that “We conducted a citation search of the Science Citation Index Expanded of the ISI Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, Philadelphia, PA, USA) from 1945 to 15 July 2015.” Why is “Web of Science and Scopus”? Why is not “Web of Science and Web of Science Core Collection”? “A total of 56,830 papers were identified after the initial search in the period from 1945 to present.” This result cannot be repeated and checked even by author themselves. Method is not accepted. Thus all discussion would not be appropriate. “Among them, articles that focused solely on AKI and were among the top 100 most cited were included. Ultimately, 123 articles (including some duplicate citations) were included in the analysis (Table1 and 1S).” This result cannot be repeated and checked even by author themselves. Method is not accepted. Thus all discussion would not be appropriate. “The median number of citations was 302 (range 215 to 1,971), with only three papers cited over 1000 times. The citation index (median 216, range 5 to 184) was correlated with number of the citations (r=0.581, P<0.001) per article.” This result cannot be repeated and checked even by author themselves. Method is not accepted. Thus all discussion would not


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be appropriate. “In addition, the number of citation and citations index per article were positively correlated between the Web of Science and Scopus database (r=0.770, P < 0.001; r=0.791, P < 0.001, respectively).” This result cannot be repeated and checked even by author themselves. Method is not accepted. Thus all discussion would not be appropriate. “The selected T100 articles were published from 1951 to 2011, with most articles published in the 2000s (n=77), and particularly the 5-year period from 2002 to 2006 (n=51), followed by the 1990s (n=22) (Figure 1).” This result cannot be repeated and checked even by author themselves. Method is not accepted. Thus all discussion would not be appropriate. “The single years with the most cited articles were 2004 and 2006 (each n=13). The number of citations was also the highest in the 2000s (30, 537) followed by the 1990s (9510). Spearman test indicated an uptrend between the citation index and time (r=0.315, P < 0.001). There is no correlation between time and number of citations(r=-0.003, P=0.975), but a positive correlation between time and citation index(r=0.347, P < 0.001).” This result cannot be repeated and checked even by author themselves. Method is not accepted. Thus all discussion would not be appropriate. “Publishing journals of T100 articles” Results cannot be repeated and checked even by author themselves. Method is not accepted. Thus all discussion would not be appropriate. “Authorship, Origins, and Institutions” Results cannot be repeated and checked even by author themselves. Method is not accepted. Thus all discussion would not be appropriate. “Publication type and areas of study” Results cannot be repeated and checked even by authors themselves. Method is not accepted. Thus all discussion would not be appropriate. “The T100 articles included 69 clinical studies, 25 basic science studies, 21 reviews, 5 meta analyses and 3 clinical guidelines (Figure 3).” How to define clinical studies, basic science studies, reviews, meta analyses, and clinical guidelines? Some papers might be belong to not only one category. “The number of total citations per article ranged from 218 to 1652 (median, 303) for clinical research, and from 215 to 814 (median, 257) for basic science.” Results cannot be repeated. “Of the 69 clinical articles, the most common type was prospective observational study (n=35), followed by RCT (n=16), retrospective study (n=16), and case report (n=2).” How to define articles are related to prospective observational study, followed by RCT, retrospective study, and case report? Who did it?


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In addition, case reports are not belong to “article” in many journals. “The primary purpose of these clinical studies included evaluation of a therapy strategy (n=16), description of biomarkers or risk model to prevent AKI (n=9, and n=3, respectively), description of epidemiology (n=27), evaluation of a diagnostic modality (n=5), and others (n=9).” How to define articles are related to evaluation of a therapy strategy, description of biomarkers or risk model to prevent AKI, description of epidemiology, evaluation of a diagnostic modality, and others? Who did it? From 1945 to 15 July 2015, results for example n = 3 and n = 5, are not appropriate. It cannot be accepted from statistical point of view. “Only 1 study reported on drug induced AKI, and the rest were nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis induced AKI (n=3).” From 1945 to 15 July 2015, results n = 1 and n = 3, are not appropriate. It cannot be accepted from statistical point of view. Why authors do not point what topics are the most reported. Method is not appropriate. Results cannot be repeated and checked. Thus discussion might not be appropriate. Citation errors Garfield, E. (1972), Citation analysis as a tool in journal evaluation: Journals can be ranked by frequency and impact of citations for science policy studies. Science, 178 (4060), 471-479.

REVIEWER Sufian S. Ahmad Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland


GENERAL COMMENTS I applaud the authors for the conduction of this study. A flow-chart for the illustration of the article allocation process will need to be included. The limitations of a bibliometric study will need to be discussed in more detail.

VERSION 1 – AUTHOR RESPONSE

Responses to reviewer 1

Reviewer(s)' Comments to Author:

Reviewer: 1

Reviewer Name

Rita Pavasini

Institution and Country

UO Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S.Anna, Ferrara, Italy

Please state any competing interests or state ‘None declared’:

None declared

Please leave your comments for the authors below

Comment 1: This is a very interesting and beautiful bibliometric evaluation of the most 100 cited

articles on acute kidney injury. I have no concerns about methods. I would only suggest minor

changes.

Response: Thanks for your agreement with our present research.


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Comment 2: In the discussion is written: “the most productive journals were the Journal of the

American Society of Nephrology and Kidney International, which have relatively low IFs. This result

indicates an increasing trend of publishing highly influential articles in specialty journals dedicated

solely to research into renal diseases such as AKI rather than general medical journals (e.g. Lancet or

JAMA)”. The problem with high IF journal is that the criteria for publication are really high, and mainly

related to the kind of study published, for instance observational retrospective study can give

important information on every scientific issue, the problem is that journal with high IF are maybe

more interested in publication of big RCT. For this reason it could be interesting also classify the most

cited article according to the presence or not of Open Access option for the article cited.

Response: Thanks for your comments. We agreed with your points that journals with high IF might be

more interested in publication of big RCT. In the present study, among 16 RCTs, 75% of them were

published in the journals with high IF, including 8 in New England Journal of Medicine, 2 in Lancet

and 2 in JAMA. We added this analysis in the Results section and highlighted it in red. In addition,

according to your suggestions, we also analyzed Open Access option for the articles cited. And the

result demonstrated that 58% of the T100 cited articles presented the Open Access options.

Comment 3: At the same time also add additional analysis between observational studies and RCT

could be done. Where are they published? Are those journals with open access options? Are

observational studies mainly published in journal with low IF? Is there any difference between

retrospective and prospective studies in terms of citations and kind of journal or IF? What about meta-

analysis?

Response: Thanks for your comments. You are right that observational studies were mainly published

in journals with low IF. And most of them (47%) presented open access options. And prospective

observational studies had the higher median citation of per article than the retrospective study, and

were different from the retrospective studies in terms of kind of journal or IF. According to your

suggestions, we added the following sentence in the Results section: In addition, 75% of 16 RCTs

were published in the journals with high IF, including 8 in New England Journal of Medicine, 2 in

Lancet and 2 in JAMA. Only 18% of 51 observational studies were published in the journals with high

IF, and most of them (47%) presented open access options, and all of them came from prospective

observational studies, including 4 in New England Journal of Medicine, 2 in Lancet and 3 in JAMA.

Furthermore, prospective observational studies had the higher median citation of per article than the

retrospective studies (median: 298 vs. 292).

Comment 4: Is it change something over years? Are more cited and published prospective studies

and RCT today or in the past?

Response: Thanks for your comments. There were more cited and published prospective studies and

RCTs after 2000 year than before 2000 year. The result was shown in the following figure.


Reviewer: 2

Reviewer Name

Yuh-Shan Ho


Asia University, Taiwan


None declared


“Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major global health issue and its incidence is markedly increasing in

both developed and developing nations.”

Comment 1: Reference is needed. The original paper would be recommended for more details. Citing

the original paper is not only respecting authors who presented a novel idea in research but also to

read the original idea in detail of the work. Plagiarism is defined as when the authors of a scientific

publication duplicate previously published idea, text, or figures in the scientific literature without any

citations.


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Response: Thanks for your comments. We are sorry for our mistake. We added the reference for this

sentence.

Comment 2: “The reported incidence ranges from 5% to 30-50% in patients under various conditions,

such as coronary intervention, cardiac surgery, and intensive care unit admission.”

Reference is needed. The original paper would be recommended for more details.

Response: Thanks for your comments. We added the reference for this sentence.

Comment 3: “The development of AKI not only increases hospital stay and health care costs, but also

results in poor short- and long-term outcomes. 1-4” There are too many references. The original and

the most frequently cited papers would be recommended for more details.

Response: Thanks for your suggestion. We deleted three references.

Comment 4: “Considering the importance of AKI, researches in this field has been increasing, and

numerous articles have been published annually, giving new insights into the mechanism, early

recognition, prevention or treatment of AKI.” Reference is needed. The original paper would be

recommended for more details.

Response: Thanks for your suggestions. We added the references for this sentence.

Comment 5: “However, little is known regarding the quality of scientific achievements in this area.”

Reference is needed. The original paper would be recommended for more details.

Response: Thanks for your suggestions. We carefully researched the articles in pubmed again, and

found that the present study might be the first to evaluate the quality of scientific achievements in the

area of acute kidney injury.

Comment 6: “Citation analysis is a bibliometric process that determines the influence of an article in

the scientific community and evaluates the impact factor (IF) of a journal.” Reference is needed. The

original paper would be recommended for more details.

Response: Thanks for your suggestion. We added the reference for this sentence.

Comment 7: “The number of citations received by an article is a measure of its recognition and

influence within the scientific community. A paper with greater citation history may be more valuable

in its field.”

Authors noticed that “We also demonstrate that the number of citations a paper accumulates is a poor

measure of merit and we argue that although it is likely to be poor, the impact factor, of the journal in

which a paper is published, may be the best measure of scientific merit currently available.” in the

reference.

Response: Thanks for your comments. We agreed with your point. Despite some disadvantages in

the assessment of article quality simply basing on citation rating, it remains the most widely-accepted

method currently available to judge the merits of a paper or journal (1.D A. The counting house.

Nature 2002;415: 726-729. 2.Moed HF. The impact-factor debate: the ISI’s uses and limits. Nature

2002;415:731-732.) We demonstrated this point in the Discussion section.

Comment 8: “Furthermore, citation analysis of the scientific literature may help to identify articles,

research topics, and authors of influence.” Reference is needed. The original paper would be

recommended for more details.

Response: Thanks for your suggestions. We added the reference for this sentence.

Comment 9: “Therefore, we aimed to analyze the characteristics of the 100 top-cited articles focused

on AKI, and to determine achievements and advances in this field during the past century”. “AKI”

might not be “acute kidney injury”.

Response: Thanks for your comments. We reviewed other similar researches (1.Int J Chron Obstruct

Pulmon Dis.2015,25;10:667-676. 2.Front Hum Neurosci. 2014, 5;8:879. 3.Critical Care

2012,16:R110), when we decided to use the key word of “acute kidney injury, AKI” to search the

articles. We agreed with you that “AKI” might not be “acute kidney injury”. However, we firstly

excluded the articles that are not focusing on the topic of AKI. And we added this exclusion into the

Method section.

Comment 10: “We conducted a citation search of the Science Citation Index Expanded of the ISI Web

of Science (Thomson Reuters, Philadelphia, PA, USA) from 1945 to 15 July 2015.”

Method is not appropriate. There is no more ISI. Why is 1945? Results cannot be repeated and


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checked by the method.

Response: Thanks for your comments. We are sorry for our mistake. We have modified this sentence

as the following: We conducted a citation search of the Science Citation Index Expanded database of

the Thomson Reuters Web of Science Core Collection (Philadelphia, PA, USA) from 1945 to 15 July

2015. In addition, because the web of science of our library started from 1945, we choose the time of

1945 (seeing the following figure). We added more information about how we searched in the

Methods section.

Comment 11: “The search topic terms included “acute kidney injury” or “AKI” or “acute renal failure” or

“ARF”.” Method is not appropriate. “AKI” and “ARF” might not be “acute kidney injury” and “acute

renal failure”, for example.

Response: Thanks for your comments. We agreed with you that “AKI” and “ARF” might not be “acute

kidney injury” and “acute renal failure”. However, we reviewed other similar researches (1. Cell J.

2015; 17:59-70. 2.Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015,10:667-676. 3.Front Hum Neurosci.

2014,8:879. 4.Critical Care 2012,16:R110), when we decided to use the keywords of “acute kidney

injury” or “AKI” or “acute renal failure” or “ARF” to search the articles. And we firstly excluded the

articles that are not focusing on the topic of AKI or ARF, such as the following examples. And we

added this exclusion into the Methods section. We are sure that the included articles were all focusing

on the topic of acute kidney injury or acute renal failure.

Liscum, E. and Reed, J.W. (2002), Genetics of Aux/IAA and ARF action in plant growth and

development. Plant Molecular Biology, 49 (3-4), 387-400

And so on.

Comment 12：“All electronic searches were conducted on one day, 15 July 2015, to avoid changes in

citation rate as much as possible”. Method is not appropriate. Results cannot be repeated and

checked by the method.

Response: Thanks for your comments. We carefully reviewed other similar researches (1.Cell

J.2015;17: 59-70. 2.Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015,10:667-76. 3.Front Hum

Neurosci.2014,8:879. 4.Critical Care 2012,16:R110), when we decided to use the keywords of “acute

kidney injury” or “AKI” or “acute renal failure” or “ARF” to search the articles. And we firstly excluded

the articles that are not focusing on the topic of AKI or ARF. We added more information into the

Methods section. We are sure that the included articles were all focusing on the topic of acute kidney

injury or acute renal failure.

Comment 13: “After all identified articles were retrieved, and the results were sorted using the option

“Times cited”, which yielded a list of all the articles published in a specific journal ranked by citation

number”. Method is not appropriate. Results cannot be repeated and checked by the method.

Response: Thanks for your comments. The explanations were the same as the response to the

Comment 12.

Comment 14: “Articles on the list were then reviewed by two independent reviewers (Y.H.L and

S.Q.W) by reading the abstracts or full-texts acquired from PubMed, Embase and ScienceDirect.”

What are Y.H.L and S.Q.W? Authors noticed that “We conducted a citation search of the Science

Citation Index Expanded of the ISI Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, Philadelphia, PA, USA) from

1945 to 15 July 2015.” Why are PubMed, Embase and ScienceDirect?

Response: Thanks for your comments. Y.H.L and S.Q.W meant the authors of Yuan-hui Liu and

Sheng-qi Wang, respectively. We acquired the full-texts by using the PubMed, Embase or

ScienceDirect. We added this information into the Methods section.

Comment 15: “Only studies focusing on AKI were selected for further analysis”. “AKI” might not be

“acute kidney injury”.


Comment 11.

Comment 16: “Any disagreement between the two reviewers was resolved through re-review or

discussion with a third reviewer (J.H.X)”. There are eight authors who are medical doctors. Why only

two reviewers in this study?


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Response: Thanks for your comments. Two authors reviewed the articles, and the third author

resolved the disagreement. Other authors are responsible for data analysis and interpretation, paper

writing, language editing, tables and figures.

Comment 17: “The top 100 (T100) identified articles were further analyzed by the two reviewers

(Y.H.L and S.Q.W) independently according to the following parameters: citation number, authorship

(first, second and corresponding authors), journal name and IF, title, number of authors, country of

origin (defined by the address of the corresponding author), publication year, funding source, type of

article, and level of evidence for clinical studies (evaluated based on the levels of evidence

introductory document from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine)12.”

There are eight authors who are medical doctors. Why only two reviewers in this study?

Response: Thanks for your comments. Two authors reviewed the articles at first, and the third author

resolved the disagreement. Other authors are responsible for data analysis and interpretation, paper

writing, language editing, tables and figures.

Comment 18: “The journals IFs were cross-referenced with the 2015 edition of Journal Citation

Reports (JCR): Science Edition (1945-2014)”. There is no “2015 edition of Journal Citation Reports

(JCR)”. How do authors have it?

Response: Thanks for your comments. We are sorry for our mistake. The Journal Citation Reports

was published in 2015, and the edition should be for 2014. We have modified it.

Comment 19: “Based on their study design, research setting and goals, the selected articles were

grouped into 5 categories: clinical guidelines, review, meta-analysis, basic research, and clinical

research (including observational and randomized control trials, RCTs)”. Why are these 5 categories?

Authors noticed that “After all identified articles were retrieved” in the section of method. How to have

“review” here? How to define “article” and “review”? What is the difference between “article” and

“review”?

Response: Thanks for your comments. When we decided to use the categories, we carefully reviewed

other similar researches (1.International Journal of Surgery,2015,18,28-33；2.J Osteoporos.2015;

2015: 638934. 3.Pancreatology.2012,12,325-330). And these 5 categories might be not absolutely

suitable, but they represented the common types of researches. We considered the Review as one

type of the articles. We defined the articles as Reviews through reviewing the full-text of the article.

Comment 20: “According to the causes of AKI, the topics were divided into (1) any cause, (2)

contrast, (3) cardiac surgery, and (4) others”. Two reviewers are not appropriate. More reviewers

would be recommended.

Response: Thanks for your comments. There were four reviewers (Yuan-hui Liu, Sheng-qi Wang, Ji-

yan Chen and Peng-cheng He) independently to identify the cause of AKI. And the disagreement was

resolved by another reviewer (Ning Tan).

Comment 21: “For comparison, we searched Scopus (http://www.scopus.com/ search/form.url;

retrieved on July 15th, 2015) for total citation counts of the T100 articles”. Method is not appropriate.

Authors noticed that “We conducted a citation search of the Science Citation Index Expanded of the

ISI Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, Philadelphia, PA, USA) from 1945 to 15 July 2015.”

Response: Thanks for your comments. We are sorry for our mistake. We have modified this sentence

as the following: We conducted a citation search of the Science Citation Index Expanded database of

the Thomson Reuters Web of Science Core Collection (Philadelphia, PA, USA) from 1945 to 15 July

2015.

Comment 22: “The Spearman test was used to evaluate the strength and direction of the linear

relationship between journal IF and the number of T100 cited articles or citations, and the correlation

of article citations between different databases (Web of Science and Scopus). Authors noticed that

“We conducted a citation search of the Science Citation Index Expanded of the ISI Web of Science

(Thomson Reuters, Philadelphia, PA, USA) from 1945 to 15 July 2015.” Why is “Web of Science and

Scopus”? Why is not “Web of Science and Web of Science Core Collection”?

Response: Thank for your comments. Citations in the Web of Science Core Collection were the main

citations in the web of science. There are same trends of citations between Web of Science and Web

of Science Core Collection among different articles. However, according to previous researches, there


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are significant differences between various databases (Biomed Digit Libr.2006;29:3-7.). Therefore, we

decided to compare the different citations of two electronic medical databases for our research.

Comment 23: “A total of 56,830 papers were identified after the initial search in the period from 1945

to present”. This result cannot be repeated and checked even by author themselves. Method is not

accepted. Thus all discussion would not be appropriate.

Response: Thanks for your comments. We added more information about how we searched in the

Methods section. And before we prepared the present research, we carefully reviewed the similar

researches, the reviewers independently extracted the data of the articles, and another reviewer

resolved the disagreements. We are sure that the included articles were all focusing on the topic of

AKI. In addition, the authors in the present study had some experiences in preparing this type of

article (BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2015,28;15:94.). We are sorry for our previous insufficient methods

that made you misunderstand the result.

Comment 24: “Among them, articles that focused solely on AKI and were among the top 100 most

cited were included. Ultimately, 123 articles (including some duplicate citations) were included in the

analysis (Table1 and 1S)”. This result cannot be repeated and checked even by author themselves.

Method is not accepted. Thus all discussion would not be appropriate.


Comment 23.

Comment 25: “The median number of citations was 302 (range 215 to 1,971), with only three papers

cited over 1000 times. The citation index (median 216, range 5 to 184) was correlated with number of

the citations (r=0.581, P<0.001) per article”. This result cannot be repeated and checked even by

author themselves. Method is not accepted. Thus all discussion would not be appropriate.


Comment 23.

Comment 26: “In addition, the number of citation and citations index per article were positively

correlated between the Web of Science and Scopus database (r=0.770, P<0.001; r=0.791, P<0.001,

respectively)”. This result cannot be repeated and checked even by author themselves. Method is not

accepted. Thus all discussion would not be appropriate.


Comment 23.

Comment 27: “The selected T100 articles were published from 1951 to 2011, with most articles

published in the 2000s (n=77), and particularly the 5-year period from 2002 to 2006 (n=51), followed

by the 1990s (n=22) (Figure 1)”. This result cannot be repeated and checked even by author

themselves. Method is not accepted. Thus all discussion would not be appropriate.


Comment 23.

Comment 28: “The single years with the most cited articles were 2004 and 2006 (each n=13). The

number of citations was also the highest in the 2000s (30, 537) followed by the 1990s (9510).

Spearman test indicated an uptrend between the citation index and time (r=0.315, P<0.001). There is

no correlation between time and number of citations(r=-0.003, P=0.975), but a positive correlation

between time and citation index(r=0.347, P<0.001)”. This result cannot be repeated and checked

even by author themselves. Method is not accepted. Thus all discussion would not be appropriate.


Comment 23.

Comment 29: “Publishing journals of T100 articles”

Results cannot be repeated and checked even by author themselves. Method is not accepted. Thus

all discussion would not be appropriate.


Comment 23.

Comment 30: “Authorship, Origins, and Institutions”

Results cannot be repeated and checked even by author themselves. Method is not accepted. Thus



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Comment 23.

Comment 31: “Publication type and areas of study”

Results cannot be repeated and checked even by authors themselves. Method is not accepted. Thus



Comment 23.

Comment 32: “The T100 articles included 69 clinical studies, 25 basic science studies, 21 reviews, 5

meta analyses and 3 clinical guidelines (Figure 3).” How to define clinical studies, basic science

studies, reviews, meta analyses, and clinical guidelines? Some papers might be belong to not only

one category.

Response: Thanks for your comments. We defined the articles related to clinical studies, basic

science studies, reviews, meta analyses, and clinical guidelines through reading the title, abstract and

the full-texts. For example, the article entitled “Accuracy of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin

(NGAL) in Diagnosis and Prognosis in Acute Kidney Injury” was defined as meta analyses through the

full-text. When we found some papers might belong to not only one category, we would define this

paper according to the main text of this paper.

Comment 33: “The number of total citations per article ranged from 218 to 1652 (median, 303) for

clinical research, and from 215 to 814 (median, 257) for basic science”. Results cannot be repeated.

Response: Thanks for your comments. The explanations were the same with the Comment 23.

Comment 34: “Of the 69 clinical articles, the most common type was prospective observational study

(n=35), followed by RCT (n=16), retrospective study (n=16), and case report (n=2).” How to define

articles are related to prospective observational study, followed by RCT, retrospective study, and case

report? Who did it? In addition, case reports are not belong to “article” in many journals.

Response: Thanks for your comments. We defined the articles related to prospective observational

study, followed by RCT, retrospective study, and case report through the title, abstract and the full-

texts. We reviewed the method section to define the types of the articles. For example, the article

entitled “Effects of different doses in continuous veno-venous haemofiltration on outcomes of acute

renal failure: a prospective randomised trial” was defined as RCT through the title and would be sure

through the full-text. There were three reviewers (Yuan-hui Liu, Sheng-qi Wang, and Peng-cheng He)

to independently identify the types of the including articles. In the present study, we considered the

case reports as one type of “article”, which was similar with previous researches. (1.Musculoskelet

Surg. 2015; 99:105-11. 2. Ir J Med Sci.2015,184:91-99. 3.Int J Surg. 2015;18:28-33.)

Comment 35: “The primary purpose of these clinical studies included evaluation of a therapy strategy

(n=16), description of biomarkers or risk model to prevent AKI (n=9, and n=3, respectively),

description of epidemiology (n=27), evaluation of a diagnostic modality (n=5), and others (n=9)”. How

to define articles are related to evaluation of a therapy strategy, description of biomarkers or risk

model to prevent AKI, description of epidemiology, evaluation of a diagnostic modality, and others?

Who did it? From 1945 to 15 July 2015, results for example n = 3 and n = 5, are not appropriate. It

cannot be accepted from statistical point of view.

Response: Thanks for your comments. We defined the articles related to therapy strategy through the

title, abstract and the full-texts. We reviewed the method or result section to define it. For example,

the article entitled “A simple risk score for prediction of contrast- induced nephropathy after

percutaneous coronary intervention-Development and initial validation” was defined as “risk model to

prevent AKI” through the title and would be sure through the full-text. There were three reviewers

(Yuan-hui Liu, Sheng-qi Wang, and Peng-cheng He) to independently evaluate the therapy strategy of

including articles. From 1945 to 15 July 2015, the numbers of articles were not 3 or 4, there were

many articles published in these periods. However, among these articles, few articles had the top 100

citations, and the number of articles in the present was the number in top 100 cited articles.

Therefore, it might be reasonable for n=3 or n=4. The statistics analysis of the present study was also

similar with other previous researches (1.Am J Cardiol 2015;115:972-981. 2.Critical

Care.2012,16:R110).


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Comment 36: “Only 1 study reported on drug induced AKI, and the rest were nontraumatic

rhabdomyolysis induced AKI (n=3).”From 1945 to 15 July 2015, results n=1 and n=3, are not

appropriate. It cannot be accepted from statistical point of view. Why authors do not point what topics

are the most reported.

Response: Thanks for your comments. From 1945 to 15 July 2015, the numbers of articles were not 3

or 4, there were many articles published in these periods. However, among these articles, few articles

had the top 100 citations, and the numbers of articles in the present were the numbers in top 100

cited articles. Therefore, it might be reasonable for n=3 or n=4. The statistics analysis of the present

study was also similar with other previous researches (1.Am J Cardiol 2015;115:972-981. 2.Critical

Care 2012,16: R110). The topic of the present study was focusing on AKI, and there were many

causes of AKI. Therefore, we classified different causes of AKI, and the readers could know that

which cause of AKI would be the most important or common cause of AKI.

Comment 37: Method is not appropriate. Results cannot be repeated and checked. Thus discussion

might not be appropriate.


Comment 23.

Comment 38: Citation errors

Garfield, E. (1972), Citation analysis as a tool in journal evaluation: Journals can be ranked by

frequency and impact of citations for science policy studies. Science, 178 (4060), 471-479.

Response: Thanks for your comments. We are sorry for this mistake and we have modified it.


Reviewer: 3

Reviewer Name

Sufian S. Ahmad


Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland


No


Comment 1: I applaud the authors for the conduction of this study. A flow-chart for the illustration of

the article allocation process will need to be included.

Response: Thanks for your agreement with our present research. And thanks for your comments.

According to your comments, we added the flow-chart into the main document.

Comment 2: The limitations of a bibliometric study will need to be discussed in more detail.

Response: Thanks for your comments. We added more information about the limitations of a

bibliometric study into the Discussion section. The added sentences were highlighted in red in the

main document.

VERSION 2 – REVIEW

REVIEWER Rita Pavasini, MD UO Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S.Anna Ferrara Italy

REVIEW RETURNED 05-Jun-2016

GENERAL COMMENTS This revision addresses perfectly my previous suggestions. Well done and well written. I have no more suggestions.


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REVIEWER Yuh-Shan Ho Asia University Taiwan


GENERAL COMMENTS “We conducted a citation search of the Science Citation Index Expanded database of the Thomson Reuters Web of Science Core Collection (Philadelphia, PA, USA) from 1945 to 15 July 2015. The following search key words were used: “acute kidney injury” or “AKI” or “acute renal failure” or “ARF”. All electronic searches were conducted on one day, 15 July 2015, to avoid changes in citation rate as much as possible.” Method is not appropriate. Results cannot be repeated and checked by the method.

REVIEWER Sufian S. Ahmad Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology Inselspital, University of Bern


GENERAL COMMENTS The reviewer thanks the authors for the improved manuscript. No further questions


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Correction: Hundred top-cited articles focusing on acutekidney injury: a bibliometric analysis

Liu Y-hui, Wang S-qi, Xue J-hua, et al. Hundred top-cited articles focusing on acutekidney injury: a bibliometric analysis. BMJ Open 2016;6:e011630. The published affilia-tions of the authors in this article were incorrect. The correct affiliations are givenbelow.

Ning Tan, Yuan-hui Liu, Yong Liu, Ji-yan Chen, Peng-cheng He and Ning Tan:Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, GuangdongProvincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, GuangdongGeneral Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100,Guangdong, China;

Sheng-qi Wang: 1Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospitalof Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University ofChinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; 2Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University, 1038 Guangzhou, China.

Guo-feng Li: Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern MedicalUniversity, Guangzhou, 510515, China.

Jin-hua Xue: 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. 2Department of Physiology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000,China.

Open Access This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited andthe use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

BMJ Open 2016;6:e011630corr1. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011630corr1

BMJ Open 2016;6:e011630corr1. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011630corr1 1

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