Pediatric Mnemonics

Croup: symptoms 3 S's:StridorSubglottic swellingSeal-bark cough

Ataxia-Telangiectasia (AT): common sign AT:AbsentThymus

Guthrie card: diseases identified with it "Guthrie Cards Can Help Predict Bad Metabolism":GalactosaemiaCystic fibrosisCongenital adrenal hyperplasiaHypothyroidismPhenylketonuriaBiotidinase deficiencyMaple syrup urine disease

Williams syndrome: features WILLIAMS:Weight (low at birth, slow to gain)Iris (stellate iris)Long philtrumLarge mouthIncreased Ca++Aortic stenosis (and other stenoses)Mental retardationSwelling around eyes (periorbital puffiness)

Russell Silver syndrome: features ABCDEF:Asymmetric limb (hemihypertrophy)Bossing (frontal)Clinodactyly/ Cafe au lait spotsDwarf (short stature)Excretion (GU malformation)Face (triangular face, micrognathia)

Dentition: eruption times of permanent dentition "Mama Is In Pain, Papa Can Make Medicine":1st Molar: 6 years1st Incisor: 7 years2nd Incisor: 8 years1st Premolar: 9 years

2nd Premolar: 10 yearsCanine: 11 years2nd Molar: 12 years3rd Molar: 18-25 years

Cyanotic heart diseases: 5 types · Use your five fingers:1 finger up: Truncus Arteriosus (1 vessel)2 fingers up: Dextroposition of the Great Arteries (2 vessels transposed)3 fingers up: Tricuspid Atresia (3=Tri)4 fingers up: Tetralogy of Fallot (4=Tetra)5 fingers up: Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (5=5 words)

Head circumference with age · Remember 3, 9, and multiples of 5:Newborn 35 cm3 mos 40 cm9 mos 45 cm3 yrs 50 cm9 yrs 55 cm

Cyanotic congenital heart diseases 5 T's:Truncus arteriosusTransposition of the great arteriesTricuspid atresiaTetrology of FallotTotal anomalous pulmonary venous return

Weights of children with age Newborn 3 kg6 mos 6 kg (2x birth wt at 6 mos)1 yr 10 kg (3x birth wt at 1 yr)3 yrs 15 kg (odd yrs, add 5 kg until 11 yrs)5 yrs 20 kg7 yrs 25 kg9 yrs 30 kg11 yrs 35 kg (add 10 kg thereafter)13 yrs 45 kg15 yrs 55 kg17 yrs 65 kg

Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS): components "Remember to decrease the RATE of IV fluids in these patients":Renal failureAnemia (microangiopathic, hemolytic)

ThrombocytopeniaEncephalopathy (TTP)

Cough (chronic): differential When cough in nursery, rock the "CRADLE":Cystic fibrosisRings, slings, and airway things (tracheal rings)/ Respiratory infectionsAspiration (swallowing dysfunction, TE fistula, gastroesphageal reflux)Dyskinetic ciliaLung, airway, and vascular malformations (tracheomalacia, vocal cord dysfunction)Edema (heart failure)

Cystic fibrosis: presenting signs CF PANCREAS:Chronic cough and wheezingFailure to thrivePancreatic insufficiency (symptoms of malabsorption like steatorrhea)Alkalosis and hypotonic dehydrationNeonatal intestinal obstruction (meconium ileus)/ Nasal polypsClubbing of fingers/ Chest radiograph with characteristic changesRectal prolapseElectrolyte elevation in sweat, salty skinAbsence or congenital atresia of vas deferensSputum with Staph or Pseudomonas (mucoid)

WAGR syndrome: components WAGR:Wilm's tumorAniridiaGential abnormalitiesMental Retardation

Haematuria: differential in children ABCDEFGHIJK:Anatomy (cysts, etc)Bladder (cystitis)Cancer (Wilm's tumour)Drug related (cyclophosphamide)Exercise inducedFactitious (Munchausen by proxy)GlomerulonephritisHaematology (bleeding disorder, sickle cell)Infection (UTI)In Jury (trauma)Kidney stones (hypercalciuria)

Vitamin Toxicity:

Excess vitamin A: Anomalies (teratogenic)Excess vitamin E: Enterocolitis (necrotizing enterocolitis)Excess vitamin K: Kernicterus (hemolysis)

Pediatric milestones in development 1 year:-single words2 years:-2 word sentences-understands 2 step commands3 years:-3 word combos-repeats 3 digits-rides tricycle4 years:-draws square-counts 4 objects

Breast feeding: contraindicated drugs BREAST:Bromocriptine/ BenzodiazepinesRadioactive isotopes/ RizatriptanErgotamine/ EthosuximideAmiodarone/ AmphetaminesStimulant laxatives/ Sex hormonesTetracycline/ Tretinoin

Paediatric history taking · Begin with standard things: patient name, presenting complaint, history of presenting complaint and past medical history.· Then ask BIFIDA:Birth details and problemsImmunisationsFeedingInfection, exposure toDevelopment, normality ofAllergies· End by customary review of the rest of the standard things: medications, family history and social history.

Neonatal resuscitation: successive steps "Do What Pediatricians Say To, Or Be Inviting Costly Malpractice":DryingWarmingPositioningSuctioningTactile stimulationOxygenBaggingIntubate endotracheallyChest compressionsMedications

SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DZ

A. Assesment of child with respiratory distresswhen assessing the child with respiratory distress you assess the whEEEze

Effort EfficacyEffect

EFFORTrecessionRespiratory rateGruntingUse of accessory musclesNasal Flaring

EFFICACYBreath soundsChest expansion/ abdominal excursion

Effects of inadequate breathingHeart rateSkin colourMental status

B.The signs of life threatning aasthma are:Asthmatics die on the seven seas (c"s)CyanosisConfusionCollapse/Conked outCillect ChestCO2 climbs (but may be normal)

RESPIRATORY CLUBBINGABCDEFA AbscessB BronchiectasisC/d Cystic (fibrosis) diseaseE EmpyemaF Fibrosing alveolitis

Chronic Cough@IN CRADLEsIN InfectionsC Cystic fibrosisR Rings,slings and airway things

A AspirationD Dyskinetic ciliaL Lung/airway/vascular malformationsE Esophagus

WHEEZEThere is no VACCINE for a wheezeV VirusA AsthmaC CardaicC CysticIN InfectionE AllErgy/Edema

The neonate who goes blue on the ventilatorA baby blue has got no hopeIf you don’t even think of DOPE!D DisplacementO ObstructionP PneumothoraxE Equipment failure

Causes of Pleural Effusion3 Hs, 3 Cs, 3 Is

H Heart failure, Hypoproteinaemic States, Hypothyroidism

C Constrictive Pericarditis Connective tissue disease Consumption

I Infection Infarction Intestinal(i.e. inflammation from intestine)

CAUSES OF FALSE POSITIVE Sweat TESTThe Sweaty CAGED MAID is positive false!!!C A Congenital Adrenal hyperplasiaG Glycogen storage disease

E D Ectodermal DysplasiaM MucopolysachharidosesA I Adrenal InsufficiencyD Diabetes insipidus

the AID in Maid = HIV

False Negative Sweat testSweetPEAs arent nuts (arent nuts = false negative)P Poor techniqueE EdemaA Atypical CF

Estimating the insertion distance of endotracheal tube based on body weight1,2,3,4. . . 7,8,9,10 1kg insert to 7cm 2 kg insert to 8cm 3 kg insert to 9cm 4 kg insert to 10cm

Causes of cyanosis in congenital heart diseaseA.6TsTransposition of great arteriesTricuspid atresiaTotal anomalous pulmonary venous drainageTruncus ArteriosusTOFPulmonary aTresia

B.0,1,2,3,4,530 0 pulmonaries = pulmonary atresia1 1 only 1 big vessel = truhnchus arteriosus2 2 vessels wrong way around = Transposition3 Tri tricuspid atresia4 Tetra tetralogy5 Five letters = TAPVD (Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage)

Causes of Pulmonary StenosisWARNEDWilliamsAlagillesRubellaNoonan"sEhlers-Danlos

Dx of Kawasaki"s DiseaseMy HEARTM MucosalH Hand extrimity change E Eye changesR RashT Temperature(this mnemonic also helps u to remb that the heart is also affected)

Types of VSD PODIUMPerimembranousOutletDoubly committedInletUnaligned (actually Malaligned)Muscular