Upload
jubal
View
25
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Pedestrian Deaths and Injuries in 0-14 Year Olds in San Diego County. Alan M. Smith, MPH Barbara Stepanski, MPH Edward Castillo, MPH Leslie Upledger Ray, MA, MPPA Patricia A. Murrin, RN, MPH County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency Division of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSPedestrian Deaths and Injuries in
0-14 Year Olds in San Diego County
Alan M. Smith, MPHBarbara Stepanski, MPH
Edward Castillo, MPHLeslie Upledger Ray, MA, MPPA
Patricia A. Murrin, RN, MPH
County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency Division of Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Research Data Systems
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSBackground
• In 1996, EMS began developing the Injury Surveillance System (ISS) for San Diego County. This system includes regularly collected emergency medical data and an integrated GIS system.
• In FY 96/97, 325 paramedic calls were due to MV vs pedestrian collisions with victims under 15 years of age.
• One out of every seven injury calls for paramedic assistance to a child under age 15 was for pedestrian related injury.
• With pediatric pedestrian injuries on the rise, investigators questioned the logistics associated with such crashes. It was hypothesized that hours in which children travel to and from school would have an increased number of pedestrian injury crashes.
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSBackground
• Injury Surveillance System– SWITRS – Injury Crashes
• GIS– Prehospital– Trauma Registry– Medical Examiner
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSResearch Questions
• How does prehospital data compare with SWITRS data for child pedestrian crashes?
• How are child pedestrian injuries distributed– Demographically (age, gender, race/ethnicity)– Temporally (Day/night, day of week)– Geographically
• What were the actions of the driver and the pedestrian leading up to the crash?
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSData Sources
• The analysis integrated
– San Diego County EMS Prehospital Patient Records
• paramedic/EMT calls in which a patient was transferred to a medical facility or refused care
– Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS)• statewide database for motor vehicle related injury crashes in California
– SANDAG Population Estimates
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSMethods
• For FY 96/97 through FY 99/00 countywide surveillance data were used to evaluate child pedestrian injuries and deaths according to age, gender, ethnicity, community (SRA), time call received/time of collision, location, day, month and pedestrian action.
• Events were geocoded (using ArcView 3.2A) to determine geographical distribution of child pedestrian injuries/deaths.
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSSWITRS vs. Prehospital
Database: FY 96/97 – 99/00
286
424537
304
602632
0100200300400500600700
0 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 14
Prehospital SWITRS
Source: County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, Division of Emergency Medical Services, SWITRS database and Prehospital database, FY 96/97 – 99/00
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSComparison of Gender
787 935
470 585
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Prehospital SWITRS
FemaleMale
DatabaseCounty of San Diego, Health & Human Services Agency EMS Prehospital Database FY 96/97, SWITRS FY 96/97-99/00.
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSPedestrian Injury Rates by
Race/Ethnicity
24.87
121.28
49.1633.46
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
White Black Hisp Asian/Other
Rat
e pe
r 100
,000
Source: County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, Division of Emergency Medical Services, Prehospital database, FY 96/97 – 99/00
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSPedestrian Injury by Month
010203040506070
January
Febru
aryMarc
hApril May
June
July
August
Septem
ber
Octobe
r
November
Decembe
r
1 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 14
Source: County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, Division of Emergency Medical Services, SWITRS database, FY 96/97 – 99/00
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSPedestrian Injury by Day of Week
020406080
100120
Sunday
Monday
Tuesd
ay
Wedne
sday
Thursd
ayFrid
ay
Saturd
ay
1 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 14
Source: County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, Division of Emergency Medical Services, SWITRS database, FY 96/97 – 99/00
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSPedestrian Injuries by Hour and Age:
Monday - Friday
0
20
40
60
80
100
12 a.m
.
6 a.m
.
8 a.m
.
10 a.
m.Noon
2 p.m
.
4 p.m
.
6 p.m
.
8 p.m
.
10 p.m
.
1 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 14
Source: County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, Division of Emergency Medical Services, SWITRS database, FY 96/97 – 99/00
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSPedestrian Injuries by Hour and Age:
Saturday - Sunday
0
5
10
15
20
25
12 a.m
.
6 a.m
.
8 a.m
.
10 a.
m.Noon
2 p.m
.
4 p.m
.
6 p.m
.
8 p.m
.
10 p.m
.
1 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 14
Source: County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, Division of Emergency Medical Services, SWITRS database, FY 96/97 – 99/00
Pacific Ocean
Mexico
Impe
rial C
ount
y
Riverside
POPULATION DENSITYSan Diego County by Subregional Area
Source: County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency,Division of Emergency Medical Services, Medical Examiner Database
1996 - 2001
5 0 5 10 Miles
N
Population Density3.44 - 2004.952004.95 - 4006.464006.46 - 6007.986007.98 - 8009.498009.49 - 10011
Source: County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, Division of Emergency Medical Services, SANDAG Population Estimates, 1999.
Pacific Ocean
Mexico
Impe
rial C
ount
y
Riverside
N
5 0 5 10 Miles Source: County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency,Division of Emergency Medical Services, Medical Examiner Database
1996 - 2001
Median Income28400 - 3653036531 - 4466144662 - 5279252793 - 6092360924 - 69054
MEDIAN INCOMESan Diego County by Subregional Area
Source: County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, Division of Emergency Medical Services, SANDAG Population Estimates, 1999.
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$$
$
$$
$
$$ $
$$
$
$
$$
$$
$
$ $
$
$
$
$
$$$ $
$
$ $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$$
$$
$
$
$$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$$
$$
$
$ $
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$$
$$
$$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$ $$
$
$
$
$
$ $
$$ $ $
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$ $
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$ $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$ $$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$ $$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$ $
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$$
$
$$$$$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$ $
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$ $
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$$ $
$
$ $
$$
$$
$$ $
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$ $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$ $
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$ $ $$
$
$$
$
$
$ $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$ $
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$ $
$
$
$$
$
$
$$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$$
$
$
$
$
$ $$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$$
$$ $
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$ $
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$$
$
$
$$$
$
$
$
$
$$
$$
$ $
$
$$
$
$
$
$$
$ $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$ $$
$
$
$
$
$ $
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$$ $$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$ $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$ $
$
$
$
$
$$
$$
$
$$$
$
$$
$$
$$$$$
$$
$
$
$$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$$$
$$
$$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$$
$$$ $
$
$ $
$
$$
$ $
$$
$$
$$
$$$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$ $
$
$
$$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$$
$
$
$
$$
$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$
$
$$
$$
$
$
$
$
$$$$
$ $
$$$
$$
$
$$
$$
$
$
$
$ $$
$$
$$
$
$
$ $
$$
$$
$$$$$
$$
$$
$ $$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$$$
$
$ $
$
$$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$$
$
$$
$
$
$$$
$
$
$
$
$$$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$$$
$$$ $
$$$
$
$ $$ $
$
$$
$
$$
$$
$
$ $$
$
$ $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$ $$
$
$$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$$$
$
$$
$$
$
$$ $
$$
$
$
$$$
$
$
$$
$
$
$$
$$
$
$$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$ $
$$
$$
$
$
$
$
$$ $
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$ $
$ $$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$$
$
$$
$
$
$$
$
$$$ $$$$
$$
$ $
$$
$
$
$
$ $
$
$$
$
$
$
$$
$
$$
$$
$
$$$
$$
$
$
$$$ $
$
$
$$
$
$$
$ $$
$$
$
$ $$$$
$$$
$
$$
$$$
$ $ $$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$$
$
$$
$ $$
$
$
$
$
$
$ $
$
$
$
Riverside County
Pacific Ocean
Mexico
Impe
rial C
ount
y
Median Income by SRA28977 - 3786637867 - 4675546756 - 5564555646 - 6453464535 - 73424
Pedestrian Crashes$ Age 1 - 4$ Age 5 - 9$ Age 10 - 14
10 0 10 20 Miles
N
PEDESTRIAN CRASHES AGES 1 TO 14 YEARS
Source: County of San Diego Health and HumanServices Agency, Division of Emergency Medical Services,
August 2002
San Diego County FY 96/97 - 99/00
$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T $T$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T $T$T
$T
$T$T $T
$T$T$T $T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T $T$T$T
$T
$T
$T $T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T $T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T$T$T$T$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T $T$T$T$T
$T $T
$T
$T $T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T $T$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T $T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T $T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T $T$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T $T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T $T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T$T$T$T$T $T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T $T$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T $T
$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T $T$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T$T
$T$T$T$T$T
$T$T$T$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T $T
$T$T
$T$T
$T$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T $T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T$T$T$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T$T $T$T
$T$T
$T $T$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T$T $T
$T
$T
Impe
rial C
ount
y
Mexico
Pacific Ocean
Riverside County
10 0 10 20 Miles
N
Source: County of San Diego Health and HumanServices Agency, Division of Emergency Medical Services,
August 2002
San Diego County$T Crashes Age 5 to 9
School Districts
PEDESTRIAN CRASHES AGES 5 TO 9 YEARSSan Diego County FY 96/97 - 99/00
$T
$T
$T$T
$T $T
$T
$T
$T$T $T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T $T$T$T$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T $T
$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T$T $T$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T $T$T
$T$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T$T$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T $T$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T $T$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T $T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T $T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T $T
$T
$T $T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T $T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T$T $T
$T $T
$T
$T $T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T$T$T$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T $T
$T
$T$T
$T$T$T$T
$T$T
$T $T
$T
$T$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T $T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T $T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T
$T
$T$T$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T
$T$T
Impe
rial C
ount
y
Mexico
Pacific Ocean
Riverside County
Source: County of San Diego Health and HumanServices Agency, Division of Emergency Medical Services,
August 2002
PEDESTRIAN CRASHES AGES 10 TO 14 YEARS
N
10 0 10 20 Miles
San Diego County$T Crashes Age 10 to 14
School Districts
San Diego County FY 96/97 - 99/00
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSPedestrian Action by Age
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Not Stated
Crossing in Crosswalkat Intersection
Crossing in CrosswalkNot at Intersection
Crossing, Not inCrosswalk
In Road, IncludingShoulder
Not in Road
Approaching/LeavingSchoolbus
1 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 14
Source: County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, Division of Emergency Medical Services, SWITRS database, FY 96/97 – 99/00
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSWhere and When?
Mid-City SRA• The highest incidence
– 99/100,000 for Prehospital– 135 /100,000 for SWITRS
• Hours of Day – high incidence of injuries occurred during school travel times (7-9am and 2-6pm)
– 45/100,000 for Prehospital– 66/100,000 for SWITRS
#Y
#S
#Y
#Y
#S
$Z
$Z$T$Z
$Z
$Z
$T
$T
%[
%U
%[
#Y
#S#S
$Z
$Z
$Z
$Z$T
$T
$T
$Z
$Z
%[
%U
%[
%[
%[
%U#S
#Y
#S
$Z
$Z
$T
$Z
$Z
$Z
$Z%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
%U
%U
#Y
#Y
#Y
#S
$Z
$Z$Z
$Z$T
$T
$Z
$Z$Z
$T
%[
%[
%[ %U
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷ ÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷ ÷
÷÷ ÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷ ÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷÷
÷
÷
÷
÷ ÷
÷÷
÷
÷
÷
÷÷
÷
÷
N
EW
S
%[
%U
%[
%U
Male-Non School Travel Hours
Male-School Travel hours
Female-School Travel hours
Female-Non School Travel Hours
Ages 10-14
Ages 5-9
Female-Non School Travel Hours
Female-School Travel hours
Male-School Travel hours
Male-Non School Travel Hours
$T
$Z
$T
$Z
#Y
#S
#Y
#S
Male-Non School Travel Hours
Male-School Travel hours
Female-School Travel hours
Female-Non School Travel Hours
Ages 0-4
Source: SWITRS FY 96/97County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, Emergency Medical Services, 1999
÷%U
Schools
Parks
I-8
Fairmount
Orange
54th
University
El Cajon Blvd
I-15
I-805
Source: SWITRS FY 96/97County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, Emergency Medical Services, 1999
0.3 0 0.3 0.6 Miles
Child Pedestrian Crashes in Mid-City Sub-Regional AreaBy Age Group, Gender, and School Travel Hours
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSWhat Were They Doing?
(SWITRS Pedestrian Violations)
• 52% of the children injured were crossing the street outside of a crosswalk
• The proportion struck while crossing outside of a crosswalk decreased with increasing age (57% aged 0-4; 59% aged 5-9; 42% aged 10-14)
• 26% of the children injured were crossing the street at a crosswalk (55% were aged 10-14)
• Contrary to common belief, only 4 (<1%) of the 1234 students were injured while approaching or leaving a school bus
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSResults
• 46% of the Prehospital and 51% of the SWITRS cases occurred in the hours children travel to and from school, which is 25% of the weekday hours.
• Mid City SRA made up 6.8% of the county’s population under age 15, but accounted for 14% of the Prehospital and 15% of the SWITRS pedestrian injuries in this age group.
• Victims were 60% male in Prehospital, 59% SWITRS
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSConclusions
• At the county level, the distribution of pedestrian injuries mirrors population density patterns.
• Childhood pedestrian injuries tend to cluster in time according to when children may be walking to or from school.
• School bus associated injuries do not contribute to pedestrian injuries to the degree previously thought.
• Most childhood pedestrian injuries can be attributed to unsafe street-crossing behavior by the child.
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSAcknowledgements
• The investigators would like to thank all of the Prehospital Agencies, Hospitals, and Paramedics for their data collection efforts and contribution to this research.
County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services
EMSContact Information
Alan M. SmithCounty of San Diego
Health and Human Services AgencyEmergency Medical Services
6255 Mission Gorge RoadSan Diego, CA 92120 (619) 285-6429 phone
(619) 285-6531 [email protected]